Unit 4 Human Body (Ch 14-17)

In order to maintain electrolyte balance, the quantities of electrolytes the body gains must _____ those lost.

equal, match, replace, or balance

The _____ _____, which is composed of bone and cartilage, divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts.

nasal septum

The technical term for the mouth is the _____ _____.

oral cavity

The tube conveying urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body is the ______. A) ureter B) collecting duct C) urethra

C) urethra

Filtrate exiting the tubule can now be called ______. A) hypertonic B) plasma C) urine

C) urine

The primary means of regulating water output is: A) defecation B) perspiration C) urine production

C) urine production

Carbon dioxide is transported in different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? A) Carbaminohemoglobin B) Carboxyhemoglobin C) Dissolved gas D) Bicarbonate ions

D) Bicarbonate ions

The _____ is the erectile organ that enlarges and stiffens and serves to deposit semen in the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Penis

When food is mixed with gastric juices in the stomach it becomes a semiliquid substance called _____.

chyme

Several nephrons empty urine into one _____ _____.

collecting duct

The mechanisms by which electrolyte balance is maintained is called _____ mechanism.

homeostatic

The lining of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts are relatively _____ to water in the absence of ADH.

impermeable

Glucose is initially found in the filtrate but absent from urine due to the process of tubular _____.

reabsorption

The watery substance that functions to moisten food particles, begin carbohydrate digestion, inhibit bacterial growth, dissolve molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds and bind particles together to aid in swallowing is _____.

saliva

How many liters of fluid are filtered by the glomerular filtration process in 24 hours?

180

As urine leaves the kidney, which structure will it enter first? A) Ureter B) Urethra C) Bladder

A) Ureter

The renal artery supplies blood to the: A) glomerulus B) kidney C) spleen D) liver E) ureter

B) kidney

Foods and beverages are the primary sources of water and _____ (charged ions).

electrolytes

Estrogen and _____ are the main female sex hormones, produced primarily by the ovaries.

progesterone

Amino acids are the basic components of larger molecules called _____.

proteins, peptides, or polypeptides

Water reabsorption from renal tubules occurs by the process of _____.

osmosis

To maintain homeostasis of water and electrolyte balance, the body intake must equal the _____.

output or loss

The _____ is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.

urethra

Water output is regulated by the amount of _____ production.

urine

Rank the following in the correct order of urine elimination starting from nephron: A) ureter B) renal pelvis C) urethra D) collecting duct E) urinary bladder

urine elimination starting from nephron: 1) D) collecting duct 2) B) renal pelvis 3) A) ureter 4) E) urinary bladder 5) C) urethra

The muscular, hollow organ of the female reproductive tract that supports the developing embryo is the _____.

uterus

Place the following structures in the proper order through which undigested material would pass: A) Rectum B) Colon C) Cecum D) Anal canal

undigested material would pass: 1) C) Cecum 2) B) Colon 3) A) Rectum 4) D) Anal canal

The hollow muscular tube conveying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the _____.

ureter

The hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity posterior to the symphysis pubis, and part of the urinary system is the _____.

urinary bladder or bladder

The term for a surgical sterilization in males is _____.

vasectomy

The organ responsible for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, storage of some vitamins, blood filtering, detoxification of blood and the production and secretion of bile is the _____.

liver

The _____ sex organs in males are the two testes, in which sperm cells and the male sex hormones are formed. The ______ sex organs are the internal and external reproductive organs. Multiple choice question.

primary; accessory

The collapsible tube that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body is called the _____. It conveys uterine secretions, receives the erect penis during sexual intercourse, and provides an open channel for the offspring during childbirth.

vagina

Organize the layers of the wall of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost: A) Muscular B) Mucosa C) Submucosa D) Serosa

innermost to outermost: B) Mucosa C) Submucosa A) Muscular D) Serosa

Female reproductive cycles begin at puberty and include the menstrual and _____ cycles.

ovarian

______ release H+ into a solution whereas, ______ combine with H+ from a solution. A) Acids; bases B) Bases; acids

A) Acids; bases

Select all that apply Which of the following are categories of birth control methods? A) Anti-implantation devices B) Sterilization C) Artificial insemination

A) Anti-implantation devices B) Sterilization

Select all that apply There are six groups of nutrients. Besides water, vitamins and minerals what are the other three groups? A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Carbon D) Hydrogen E) Proteins

A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids E) Proteins

The premature expulsion of an embryo or fetus is known as a/an: A) vasectomy B) tubal ligation C) abortion D) ectopic pregnancy

C) abortion

The most important androgen is _____.

testosterone

Select all that apply Normal, relaxed breathing is characterized as: A) rhythmic B) erratic C) involuntary D) voluntary

A) rhythmic C) involuntary

The _____ is a pouch of skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle that contains the testes and maintains their temperature at about 3 degrees below body temperature. A) scrotum B) prostate C) penis D) epididymis

A) scrotum

Which of the following statements concerning vitamins is true? A) Vitamins are inorganic compounds. B) Vitamins are essential nutrients. C) Vitamins are required in large amounts.

B) Vitamins are essential nutrients.

During quiet breathing, inspiration is ______.. A) passive B) active

B) active

Proteins are polymers of ______. A) nucleic acids B) amino acids C) monosaccharides D) fatty acids

B) amino acids

The hormone (a)_____ increases the reabsorption of (b)_____ ions from the distal convoluted tubules of the nephrons and in the collecting ducts.

(a) aldosterone (b) sodium

The glomerular filtration is the process by which blood pressure forces fluid through the glomerular (a)_____ walls into the glomerular (b)_____.

(a) capillary (b) capsule

Select all that apply Which are functions of the respiratory system? A) Provide carbon dioxide to cells B) Remove oxygen from the cells C) Remove carbon dioxide from the cells D) Provide oxygen to cells

C) Remove carbon dioxide from the cells D) Provide oxygen to cells

The glomerular _____ rate changes to maintain homeostatic balance.

filtration

Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels. Ileum Duodenum Jejunum

order of which food travels: 1) Duodenum 2) Jejunum 3) Ileum

The _____cycle involves the monthly formation and release of a secondary oocyte and the formation of the corpus luteum.

ovarian or ovary

The solid, almond-shaped organs of the female reproductive system, located in upper lateral portion of the pelvic cavity are called the _____.

ovary

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers _____, resulting in release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary surface.

ovulation

The process in which the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood called tubular _____.

reabsorption

Water ingestion is regulated by the _____ mechanism.

thirst

Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of ______ ______ from the small intestine.

vitamin B12

_____ are organic compounds (other than carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) required in small amounts for normal metabolism, that cells can not synthesize in adequate amounts.

vitamins

The female external accessory organs include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris and vestibular glands collectively make up the _____.

vulva

At what age do the permanent teeth normally replace the deciduous teeth? A) Between 6 months and 2 years B) Between 2 years and 7 years C) Between 6 years and 17-21 years D) Between 3 months and 5 years

C) Between 6 years and 17-21 years

What is chyme? A) Food that is being chewed in the mouth B) The solid waste that is excreted by the digestive system C) Food that has been mixed with gastric juices in the stomach

C) Food that has been mixed with gastric juices in the stomach

Select all that apply Which of the following have the greatest effect on glomerular filtration? A) Increased pH in Bowman's capsule B) Length of the nephron tubules C) Higher blood pressure in the glomeruli D) Permeability of the capillary walls

C) Higher blood pressure in the glomeruli D) Permeability of the capillary walls

The vocal _____ located in the larynx vibrate to produce sounds.

cords or folds

(a)_____ digestion is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces while (b)_____ digestion is the splitting of nonabsorbable nutrient molecules into smaller absorbable ones that are usable by the body.

(a) Mechanical (b) Chemical

The motor functions of the alimentary canal are of two basic types: mixing movements also known as (a)_____ and propelling movements also known as (b)_____.

(a) Segmentation (b) peristalsis

(a)______ line seminiferous tubules and give rise to sperm cells. (b)______ lie in between the tubules and secrete male sex hormones.

(a) Spermatogenic cells (b) interstitial cells (cells of Leydig)

In the PCT, sodium ions are reabsorbed by (a)_____ transport and chloride ions are reabsorbed by (b)_____ transport.

(a) active (b) passive

Kidney tubules are influenced by the hormones (a)_____ and (b)_____ for sodium and water reabsorption.

(a) aldosterone (b) antidiuretic or ADH

The hepatopancreatic sphincter normally remains contracted, so as bile collects in the bile duct it backs up into the cystic duct. When this happens, bile flows into the (a)______, where it is stored. When the sphincter relaxes bile flows into the (b)______. A) gallbladder; duodenum B) liver; pancreas C) pancreas; gall bladder D) duodenum; liver

(a) gallbladder (b) duodenum

Female sex cells are called (a)_____. Male sex cells are called (b)_____.

(a) oocytes, oocyte, ovum, ova, eggs, egg, or oogonia (b) sperm, spermatozoa, or spermatocyte

As the concentration of testosterone (a)______, the hypothalamus is inhibited and the anterior pituitary secretion of LH is reduced. As the concentration of testosterone (b)______, the hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary to secrete LH. A) falls; rises B) rises; falls

(a) rises (b) falls

Tubular (a)_____ is defined by movement of certain substances from the (b)_____ capillaries to the renal tubules.

(a) secretion (b) peritubular

The kidneys, urinary bladder, (a)_____, and (b)_____ are organs of the urinary system.

(a) ureters or ureter (b) urethra

Match the sexually transmitted infections with their description. 1) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 2) Genital warts 3) Chlamydia infection A) Caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV); treatment: chemical or surgical removal. B) Caused by HIV virus; symptoms: fever, weakness, infections. Treatment: no cure. C) Caused by a bacteria; symptoms: painful urination and intercourse, mucous discharge from penis or vagina; treatment: antibiotics.

1) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome--B 2) Genital warts--A 3) Chlamydia infection--C

Match the female reproductive disorder to its description: 1) Amenorrhea 2) Dysmenorrhea 3) Infertility 4) Premenstrual syndrome A) Inability to conceive B) Absence of menstruation C) Physical/emotional distress after ovulation and prior to menstruation D) Painful menstruation

1) Amenorrhea--B 2) Dysmenorrhea--D 3) Infertility--A 4) Premenstrual syndrome--C

Match the following digestive inflammatory disorders with the proper description: 1) Appendicitis 2) Inflammatory bowel disease 3) Diverticulitis 4) Hemorrhoids 5) Hepatitis A) Acute inflammation of the appendix characterized by pain in the lower right quadrant B) Inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, drugs or alcohol C) Chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the intestines, abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea D) Enlargement and inflammation of veins in the anal canal E) Disorder of the large intestine in which small saclike out-pockets of the colon form from a diet lacking sufficient fiber

1) Appendicitis--A 2) Inflammatory bowel disease--C 3) Diverticulitis--E 4) Hemorrhoids--D 5) Hepatitis--B

Place in order the events of the female reproductive cycle that occur after ovulation. A) If no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum degenerates. B) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone. C) Estrogen and progesterone inhibit secretion of FSH and LH. D) Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease. E) The endometrium disintegrates; menstruation occurs.

1) B) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone. 2) C) Estrogen and progesterone inhibit secretion of FSH and LH. 3) A) If no fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum degenerates. 4) D) Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease. 5) E) The endometrium disintegrates; menstruation occurs.

Match the type of lipid with its source: 1) Cholesterol 2) Saturated fats 3) Unsaturated fats A) Olive, peanut, and canola oils (the healthiest). B) Liver and egg yolk, butter, cheese, and meats. Not present in foods of plant origin. C) Foods of animal origin, such as meats, eggs, milk, and lard, as well as in palm and coconut oils.

1) Cholesterol--B 2) Saturated fats--C 3) Unsaturated fats--A

Match the inflammatory disorder of the urinary system to its description. 1) Cystitis 2) Glomerulonephritis 3) Pyelonephritis 4) Urethritis A) inflammation of the urethra B) inflammation of the kidney C) inflammation of the renal pelvis and nephrons D) inflammation of the bladder

1) Cystitis--D 2) Glomerulonephritis--B 3) Pyelonephritis--C 4) Urethritis--A

Match the noninflammatory urinary disorder to its description. 1) Diuresis 2) Renal calculi 3) Uremia 4) Anuria A) kidney stones B) cessation of urine production C) excessive production of urine D) toxic accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

1) Diuresis--C 2) Renal calculi--A 3) Uremia--D 4) Anuria--B

Organize the sequence of events that regulate bile release. A) Intestinal mucosa secretes cholecystokinin (CCK) B) Hepatopancreatic sphincter relaxes, bile enters the duodenum of the small intestine C) Bile passes down the cystic duct and bile duct into the common bile duct D) Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the gallbladder wall to contract E) Chyme with fat enters the duodenum

1) E) Chyme with fat enters the duodenum 2) A) Intestinal mucosa secretes cholecystokinin (CCK) 3) D) Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the gallbladder wall to contract 4) C) Bile passes down the cystic duct and bile duct into the common bile duct 5) B) Hepatopancreatic sphincter relaxes, bile enters the duodenum of the small intestine

Match the following sexually transmitted infections with their description. 1) Genital herpes 2) Gonorrhea 3) Syphilis A) Caused by a bacteria; symptoms: In women, usually none; in men, painful urination; treatment: antibiotics B) Caused by a virus; symptoms: sores, fever; treatment: antiviral drug (Acyclovir) C) Caused by Treponema pallidum; symptoms: chancre on genitals or mouth; rash 6 months later; several years with no symptoms as infection spreads; finally damage to organs; treatment: antibiotics.

1) Genital herpes--B 2) Gonorrhea--A 3) Syphilis--C

Match the organs of the male reproductive system with their corresponding category. 1) Primary sex organs (gonads) 2) Accessory sex organs A) Internal and external reproductive organs. B) Testes

1) Primary sex organs (gonads)--B 2) Accessory sex organs--A

Match the disorder to its description: 1) Toxic shock syndrome 2) Pelvic inflammatory disease 3) Endometriosis A) Growth of the tissue from the inner lining of the uterus outside of the uterus B) High fever, sore throat, fatigue resulting from bacterial infection C) Typically caused by sexually transmitted disease pathogens that migrate through the uterine tubes

1) Toxic shock syndrome--B 2) Pelvic inflammatory disease--C 3) Endometriosis--A

Match the components of pancreatic juice with the correct function: 1) Trypsin 2) Pancreatic amylase 3) Pancreatic lipase A) Digestion of fats like triglyceride molecules into fatty acids and glycerol B) Digestion of polysaccharides like starch or glycogen into disaccharides C) Digestion of proteins into peptides

1) Trypsin--C 2) Pancreatic amylase--B 3) Pancreatic lipase--A

Match the following organs with their classification. 1) ovaries 2) uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia A) primary female reproductive organs B) secondary female reproductive organs

1) ovaries--A 2) uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and external genitalia--B

Select all that apply Identify routes by which water is lost from the body. Select all that apply. A) Defecation B) Cellular metabolism C) Urination D) Ingestion E) Respiration F) Perspiration

A) Defecation C) Urination E) Respiration F) Perspiration

Identify the first structure that is superior to the liver. A) Diaphragm B) Gallbladder C) Lungs D) Stomach

A) Diaphragm Reason: The liver is superior to the gallbladder (so the gallbladder is inferior to the liver). and The lungs are superior to the liver; but the diaphragm is in between the liver and the lungs.

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of noninflammatory urinary disorders? A) Diuresis B) Renal calculi C) Renal failure D) Cystitis

A) Diuresis B) Renal calculi C) Renal failure

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following structures are part of the internal accessory organs of the male reproductive system. (select all that apply) A) Epididymides, ductus deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, urethra B) Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands C) Fimbriae, infundibulum, cervix, vestibule D) Testes and penis

A) Epididymides, ductus deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, urethra B) Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands

What is the amount of filtrate formed per minute by the two kidneys called? A) Glomerular filtration rate B) Renal clearance C) Minute urine volume

A) Glomerular filtration rate

Select all that apply Which of the following are possible side effects of combined hormone contraceptives? A) Headache B) Decreased blood pressure C) Bloating D) Nausea E) Lack of appetite and weight loss

A) Headache C) Bloating D) Nausea

Select all that apply Carbonic acid, formed during the transport of CO2, dissociates into which two products? A) Hydrogen ion B) Water C) Bicarbonate ion D) Carbon dioxide

A) Hydrogen ion C) Bicarbonate ion

Intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements are true about this device? A) IUDs are inserted by a physician and may be spontaneously expelled. B) The IUD works by preventing ovulation. C) The IUD is totally safe and most women notice no side effects when using an IUD.

A) IUDs are inserted by a physician and may be spontaneously expelled.

Which cells produce male sex hormones? A) Interstitial cells that lie in the spaces between seminiferous tubules B) Cells found in the outer wall of the prostate gland C) Spermatogenic cells that line seminiferous tubules D) Cells in the seminal vesicles

A) Interstitial cells that lie in the spaces between seminiferous tubules

Which of the following best describes the filtrate entering the collecting duct? A) It is isotonic with the blood. B) It is hypertonic to the blood. C) It is hypotonic to the blood.

A) It is isotonic with the blood.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about the intrauterine device (IUD)? A) It prevents implantation of a blastocyst perhaps by inflaming uterine tissues. B) It is a small solid object placed in the vagina. C) It may cause abdominal pain and menstrual bleeding.

A) It prevents implantation of a blastocyst perhaps by inflaming uterine tissues. C) It may cause abdominal pain and menstrual bleeding. Reason: Recall that the IUD is an intrauterine device. It is placed in the uterine cavity.

Select all that apply Indicate the organs of the urinary system. (Select all that apply.) A) Kidneys B) Ureters C) Urinary bladder D) Ileum E) Rectum F) Urethra

A) Kidneys B) Ureters C) Urinary bladder F) Urethra

Select all that apply What does bile consist of? A) Minerals B) Bile pigments C) Cholesterol D) Water E) Digestive enzymes F) Bile salts

A) Minerals B) Bile pigments C) Cholesterol D) Water F) Bile salts Reason: Bile does not contain digestive enzymes. The only component of bile with a digestive function is bile salts.

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply What are chylomicrons? A) Molecules composed of a fat droplet surrounded by proteins B) Molecules found in the lymph in the lacteals and other lymphatic vessels C) Molecules that form as a result of absorption of fats in the intestine D) Molecules that transport cholesterol to the liver. E) Molecules that transport dietary fats to muscle and adipose cells

A) Molecules composed of a fat droplet surrounded by proteins B) Molecules found in the lymph in the lacteals and other lymphatic vessels C) Molecules that form as a result of absorption of fats in the intestine E) Molecules that transport dietary fats to muscle and adipose cells Reason: Molecules that transport cholesterol to the liver are lipoproteins.

Select all that apply Which of these statements are true regarding the mechanism of gastric secretion? A) Parasympathetic impulses stimulate gastric glands to secrete gastric juice. B) Parasympathetic impulses inhibit the secretion of gastric juices. C) Parasympathetic impulses stimulate stomach cells to release gastrin, which stimulates stomach mucosal cells. D) Sympathetic impulses stimulate the release of gastric juice, which is rich in bicarbonate.

A) Parasympathetic impulses stimulate gastric glands to secrete gastric juice. C) Parasympathetic impulses stimulate stomach cells to release gastrin, which stimulates stomach mucosal cells.

Which type of nerve stimulation leads to the dilation of arterioles and constriction of venules in female erectile tissue during sexual excitement? A) Parasympathetic nerve impulses B) Sympathetic nerve impulses

A) Parasympathetic nerve impulses

Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs. A) Penis B) Seminal vesicles C) Scrotum D) Bulbourethral glands E) Prostate gland

A) Penis C) Scrotum

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of combined hormone contraceptives? A) Pills given orally B) A new pill that only causes four bleeding periods a year. C) An inhaler device that is used once a day. D) A flexible chemical cervical ring inserted deep into the vagina once a month. E) A plastic patch impregnated with hormones that may be applied to the skin.

A) Pills given orally B) A new pill that only causes four bleeding periods a year. D) A flexible chemical cervical ring inserted deep into the vagina once a month. E) A plastic patch impregnated with hormones that may be applied to the skin.

Select all that apply Which of the following apply to the location of the kidneys? A) Posterior wall of the abdominal cavity B) Anterior to the stomach C) Superior to the adrenal glands D) Posterior to the parietal peritoneum

A) Posterior wall of the abdominal cavity D) Posterior to the parietal peritoneum

Select all that apply Which two body systems work together to provide oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide from them? A) Respiratory system B) Endocrine system C) Cardiovascular system D) Digestive system

A) Respiratory system C) Cardiovascular system

Which of the following describes normal breathing? A) Rhythmic and involuntary B) Sporadic and voluntary C) Rhythmic and voluntary D) Sporadic and involuntary

A) Rhythmic and involuntary

_____ fats are solid at room temperature and do not have any double bonds in their fatty acid chains. A) Saturated B) Unsaturated

A) Saturated

Select all that apply Select all the functions of the liver: A) Secretion of bile B) Removal of toxins from blood C) Carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism D) Storage of glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D and B12 E) Formation of new red blood cells

A) Secretion of bile B) Removal of toxins from blood C) Carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism D) Storage of glycogen, iron, vitamins A, D and B12

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following are true regarding the structure of testes. (Select all that apply) A) Septa divide the testes into lobules. B) Lobules are filled with highly coiled seminiferous tubules. C) Testes are covered by a fibrous capsule that extends into each testis forming septa. D) The epididymis is a coiled tube found deep inside the testes.

A) Septa divide the testes into lobules. B) Lobules are filled with highly coiled seminiferous tubules. C) Testes are covered by a fibrous capsule that extends into each testis forming septa. Reason: Recall that the epididymis is coiled on the outer surface of the testis and continues to become the ductus deferens.

Select all that apply Sources of carbohydrates include: A) Starch from grains and vegetables B) Monosaccharides from honey and fruits C) Glycogen from meats D) Cholesterol from egg yolk, whole milk, butter, cheese, and meats. E) Disaccharides from milk sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses

A) Starch from grains and vegetables B) Monosaccharides from honey and fruits C) Glycogen from meats E) Disaccharides from milk sugar, cane sugar, beet sugar, and molasses Reason: Cholesterol from egg yolk, whole milk, butter, cheese, and meats--Cholesterol is a lipid and not a carbohydrate.

Select all that apply Indicate which glands secrete hormones that control male reproductive functions. A) Testes B) Anterior pituitary gland C) Thyroid gland D) Hypothalamus E) Adrenal gland

A) Testes B) Anterior pituitary gland D) Hypothalamus

What is inspiration? A) The movement of air into the lungs. B) The movement of air out of the lungs. C) One complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation. D) The diffusion of air across the respiratory membrane.

A) The movement of air into the lungs.

What is ovulation? A) The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary. B) The generation of the primary follicle. C) The process of generating the first polar body.

A) The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary.

Select all that apply What are accessory female sex organs? A) The uterine tubes B) The ovaries C) The uterus D) The vagina

A) The uterine tubes C) The uterus D) The vagina

Select all that apply What are accessory female sex organs? A) The uterine tubes B) The ovaries C) The vagina D) The uterus

A) The uterine tubes C) The vagina D) The uterus

Select all that apply Identify the characteristics of minerals: A) They are mostly concentrated in the bones and teeth. B) They are organic elements and main sources of energy. C) They may play diverse roles (i.e. nerve impulse conduction, muscle fiber contraction, blood clotting). D) They include elements such as calcium, iron, phosphate, sodium and chloride.

A) They are mostly concentrated in the bones and teeth. C) They may play diverse roles (i.e. nerve impulse conduction, muscle fiber contraction, blood clotting). D) They include elements such as calcium, iron, phosphate, sodium and chloride.

What is the primary function of the large intestine? A) To absorb water; compact, store, and eliminate feces. B) To house gas-producing bacteria. C) To complete the absorption of most nutrients. D) To rid the body of toxins.

A) To absorb water; compact, store, and eliminate feces. Reason: To house gas-producing bacteria--Recall that this occurs in the large intestine, but it is not its primary function. AND To complete the absorption of most nutrients-- Recall that this occurs in the small intestine. AND To rid the body of toxins--Recall that this is not a primary function of the large intestine.

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following are the roles of the reproductive system. A) To produce and nurture gametes containing 23 chromosomes. B) To produce and transport urine outside of the body. C) To secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics. D) To transport sex cells or gametes to sites of fertilization.

A) To produce and nurture gametes containing 23 chromosomes. C) To secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics. D) To transport sex cells or gametes to sites of fertilization.

True or false: The ovarian cycle involves the monthly formation and release of a secondary oocyte. A) True B) False

A) True

True or false: The primary regulator of water intake is thirst. A) True B) False

A) True

True or false: The volume of urine production varies between 1.5 and 2.0 liters per day. A) True B) False

A) True

True or false: The rate of gastric secretion is regulated by both neural and hormonal mechanisms. A) True B) False

A) True Reason: Gastric juice is produced continuously, but the rate varies considerably and is controlled both neurally and hormonally. When a person tastes, smells, or even sees appetizing food, or when food enters the stomach, parasympathetic impulses on the vagus nerves stimulate the release of acetylcholine (Ach) from nerve endings. This Ach stimulates gastric glands to secrete abundant gastric juice.

True or false: Semen is composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands and the prostate gland. A) True B) False

A) True Reason: Semen consists of sperm and fluids secreted by these three glands.

True or false: The pharynx is a passageway that connects the nasal cavity to the oral cavity and the larynx. A) True B) False

A) True Reason: The pharynx is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems because it connects the nasal cavity to the oral cavity and the larynx.

True or false: The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes. A) True B) False

A) True Reason: The statement is true. Recall that the large intestine has little or no digestive function, it does not secrete digestive enzymes. One of its main functions is absorption of water and electrolytes.

True or false: Kidneys maintain homeostasis of the extracellular fluid by regulating its composition and volume. A) True B) False

A) True Reason: (not false) kidneys regulate the composition and the volume of the extracellular fluid

What structure collects and stores the urine from the ureters? A) Urinary bladder B) Urethra C) Renal capsule D) Nephron

A) Urinary bladder

Select all that apply Select the external accessory organs of the female reproductive system. A) Vestibular glands B) Uterus C) Uterine tubes D) Clitoris E) Labia majora, labia minora

A) Vestibular glands D) Clitoris E) Labia majora, labia minora

Select all that apply Androgens are produced in: (select all that apply) A) adrenal cortex B) hypothalamus C) anterior pituitary gland D) adrenal medulla E) testes

A) adrenal cortex E) testes

Select all that apply Which of the following is reabsorbed from filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule? A) amino acid B) Urea C) Water D) Glucose

A) amino acid C) Water D) Glucose

The small worm-like tube extending from the cecum is the ______. A) appendix B) gall bladder C) sigmoid colon D) ascending colon E) pancreas

A) appendix

When we inhale, the force called _______ drive(s) air into our lungs from the outside environment. A) atmospheric pressure B) external intercostal muscles C) recoil of the lung tissue D) internal intercostal muscles

A) atmospheric pressure

The tube that collects urine from several nephrons and conveys it down the renal pyramid to the renal papilla is the ______. A) collecting duct B) proximal convoluted tubule C) ureter D) nephron loop

A) collecting duct

The _____ nephrons are located close to the kidney surface and have relatively short nephron loops. A) cortical B) juxtamedullary

A) cortical

The third segment of the renal tubule of a nephron is the: A) distal convoluted tubule B) nephron loop C) proximal convoluted tubule

A) distal convoluted tubule

Glomerular capillary permeability and glomerular blood pressure directly affect glomerular _______. A) filtration B) filtrate pH C) calcium levels

A) filtration

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following are true regarding the uterus. A) it is a hollow muscular organ B) it is located in the posterior part of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the vagina C) it is responsible for the secretion of estrogen and progesterone D) it functions to harbor the developing embryo

A) it is a hollow muscular organ D) it functions to harbor the developing embryo

The ureter carries urine from the _____ to the _____. A) kidney; urinary bladder B) urinary bladder; outside of the body C) nephron; renal pelvis D) minor calyx; renal pelvis

A) kidney; urinary bladder

A chylomicron is a _____ droplet surrounded by _____. A) lipid; proteins B) protein; lipids C) lipid; bile salts D) protein; bile salts

A) lipid; proteins

Select all that apply Which of these are functions of saliva? A) moistens food particles B) initiates digestion of proteins C) helps cleanse the mouth and teeth D) dissolves molecules so they can be tasted E) initiates chemical digestion of carbohydrates F) aids in swallowing

A) moistens food particles C) helps cleanse the mouth and teeth D) dissolves molecules so they can be tasted E) initiates chemical digestion of carbohydrates F) aids in swallowing

The urine-producing unit of the kidney is called a: A) nephron B) collecting duct C) pyramid

A) nephron

Sexual excitement often culminates in a pleasurable feeling of physiological and psychological release referred to as ______. A) orgasm B) resolution

A) orgasm

The mammary glands are located in the subcutaneous tissue within elevations called breasts. The breasts overlie the ______ muscles. A) pectoralis B) pectoralis minor C) deltoid

A) pectoralis

The doughnut-shaped gland inferior to the urinary bladder that surrounds the male urethra is the: A) prostate gland B) epididymis C) seminal vesicle D) bulbourethral gland

A) prostate gland

Foods rich in ______ include meats, fish, poultry, cheese, nuts, milk, eggs, and cereals. Legumes, including beans and peas, contain less of this nutrient. A) proteins B) lipids C) carbohydrates

A) proteins

The medulla of the kidney consists of: A) renal pyramids B) major and minor calyces C) renal corpuscles

A) renal pyramids Reason: major and minor calyces: The calyces are found within the renal sinus. The medulla consists of the renal pyramids and columns. Reason: renal corpuscles: Renal corpuscles are found in the cortex of the kidney. The medulla consists of the renal pyramids and columns.

Select all that apply Surgical methods of birth control include _____. A) tubal ligation B) vasectomy C) intrauterine devices

A) tubal ligation B) vasectomy

The volume of urine production per day depends on factors such as fluid intake, temperature and varies between the range of: A) 0.1 and 2.5 liters B) 1.5 and 2.0 liters C) 2 and 5 liters

B) 1.5 and 2.0 liters

Primary teeth or deciduous teeth normally erupt at the age of _____. A) 2 to 6 months B) 6 months to 2-4 years C) 1 year to 5-10 years

B) 6 months to 2-4 years

Select all that apply What is prostatitis (check all that apply)? A) Caused by the engorgement of blood during sexual activity. B) A acute or chronic infection of the prostate.

B) A acute or chronic infection of the prostate.

Where does gas exchange between the inspired air and the blood occur? A) Terminal bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Primary bronchi D) Trachea

B) Alveoli

There are six groups of nutrients. Which three groups provide energy to sustain life processes? A) Vitamins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Water E) Proteins

B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids E) Proteins

Select all that apply Indicate which of the following are part of the male internal reproductive organs. A) Penis B) Ductus deferentia C) Ejaculatory ducts D) Scrotum E) Bulbourethral glands

B) Ductus deferentia C) Ejaculatory ducts E) Bulbourethral glands

Select all that apply Which of the following are associated with sexual stimulation in a female? A) Sympathetic nerve impulses increase. B) Erectile tissue becomes engorged.

B) Erectile tissue becomes engorged.

True or false: Most absorption of digestive products occurs in the stomach. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: Recall that gastric enzymes begin breaking down proteins, but the stomach wall is not well adapted to absorbing digestive products.

True or false: Bile contains digestive enzymes. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: Bile does not contain digestive enzymes. The only digestive component that it contains is bile salts which emulsify lipids and facilitate digestion of fats.

True or false: The only type of digestion that occurs in the mouth is mechanical in which food is broken down into smaller pieces during chewing. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth.

True or false: Tubular reabsorption of sodium ions occurs due to passive transport while reabsorption of chloride ions is due to active transport. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: sodium is reabsorbed by active transport and chloride is reabsorbed by passive

Which of the following organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle? A) Thymus; thyroid gland; adrenal gland B) Hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries C) Posterior pituitary gland; uterus; adrenal gland

B) Hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

Describe the location of the liver. A) In the lower right quadrant of the abdominal cavity B) In the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity C) In the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity D) In the lower left quadrant of the abdominal cavity

B) In the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about a female condom? A) It prevents a zygote from implanting in the uterine wall. B) It is inserted in the vagina prior to intercourse. C) It blocks sperm from reaching the cervix. D) It is a barrier birth control method.

B) It is inserted in the vagina prior to intercourse. C) It blocks sperm from reaching the cervix. D) It is a barrier birth control method.

What are oogonia? A) Oogonia are the non-viable cells generated by meiosis in females. B) Oogonia are the reproductive diploid stem cells of females. C) Oogonia are the products of meiosis II in women.

B) Oogonia are the reproductive diploid stem cells of females.

Select all that apply Identify functions of the kidney. A) Secrete aldosterone B) Secrete erythropoietin C) Secrete renin D) Produce urine

B) Secrete erythropoietin C) Secrete renin D) Produce urine NOT a function: Secrete aldosterone Reason: Aldosterone targets the kidney but the kidney does not secrete aldosterone. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Select all the factors that stimulate production and secretion of pancreatic juice. A) Gastrin B) Secretin C) Parasympathetic impulses D) Sympathetic nerves E) Cholecystokinin

B) Secretin C) Parasympathetic impulses E) Cholecystokinin

What is tubular reabsorption? A) The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine B) The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood C) The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body D) The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron

B) The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood

____ are liquid at room temperature and have one or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains. A) Saturated fats B) Unsaturated fats

B) Unsaturated fats

What is the tube through which urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder? A) Efferent arteriole B) Ureter C) Urethra D) Afferent arteriole

B) Ureter

Chemical and behavioral contraceptive methods are both methods of _____. A) increasing fertility B) birth control

B) birth control

Select all that apply Cells of the intestinal mucosa secrete _____ and _____, that in turn stimulate the pancreas to release pancreatic juice. A) bile B) cholecystokinin C) secretin D) chyme E) trypsinogen

B) cholecystokinin C) secretin

Intestinal glands secrete their products when: A) bile is present in the small intestine B) chyme is present in the small intestine C) pancreatic juice is produced in the pancreas D) the stomach is full

B) chyme is present in the small intestine

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption from the ______ tubule. A) nephron loop B) distal convoluted C) proximal convoluted

B) distal convoluted

Tubular fluid flows from the ______ into the collecting duct. A) nephron loop B) distal convoluted tubule C) proximal convoluted tubule

B) distal convoluted tubule

The parts of the nephron that regulate urine volume are the collecting ducts and the _____. A) nephron loop B) distal convoluted tubules C) proximal convoluted tubules

B) distal convoluted tubules

Although as many as twenty primary follicles may begin maturing, typically, only one follicle called the ______ outgrows the others and fully develops, while the others degenerate. A) primordial follicle B) dominant follicle

B) dominant follicle Reason: primordial follicle Recall that primordial follicles are the small numerous follicles at the beginning of follicular development.

A craving for salt may occur if _____. A) an individual is dehydrated B) electrolyte levels are low in the body fluids C) nitrogenous wastes start to accumulate in the blood D) blood pH dips into the alkaline range

B) electrolyte levels are low in the body fluids

At puberty, the ovaries secrete increasing amounts of ______, which stimulates enlargement of the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, external genitalia and also maintains secondary sex characteristics. A) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) B) estrogen C) gonadotropins LH and FSH

B) estrogen Reason: gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Recall that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus. AND Reason: gonadotropins LH and FSH Recall that gonadotropins are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Select all that apply Indicate the mechanisms employed to maintain homeostasis: A) replace lost water only B) excrete any excess water and electrolyte intake C) replace lost water and electrolytes D) excrete excess water intake without the electrolytes

B) excrete any excess water and electrolyte intake C) replace lost water and electrolytes

Select all that apply The primary source of electrolytes are: A) by-products of metabolism B) fluids C) foods D) water

B) fluids C) foods

The process by which blood pressure forces fluid through the glomerular capillary walls into the glomerular capsule is referred to as ______. A) tubular secretion B) glomerular filtration C) tubular reabsorption

B) glomerular filtration

GFR stands for: A) glomerular function response B) glomerular filtration rate C) general functional rate D) gross filtrate reabsorption

B) glomerular filtration rate

The anterior portion of the palate is the: A) soft palate B) hard palate

B) hard palate

A negative feedback loop involving the ______, the anterior lobe of the ______ gland, and the ______ controls the concentration of testosterone in the male body. A) pineal gland; hypothalamus; testes B) hypothalamus; pituitary; testes C) hypothalamus; thymus; testes D) thyroid; pituitary; testes

B) hypothalamus; pituitary; testes

The large intestine begins in the lower right side of the abdominal cavity, where the _____ joins the _____. A) jejunum; ileum B) ileum; cecum C) ileum; duodenum D) duodenum; jejunum E) cecum; jejunum

B) ileum; cecum Reason: duodenum; jejunum--The duodenum is connected to the jejunum, but is not near the large intestine. AND cecum; jejunum--The cecum and jejunum do not join.

The pancreas is located in the: A) left lower quadrant B) left upper quadrant C) right lower quadrant D) right upper quadrant

B) left upper quadrant

Organic compounds such as phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol are called: A) proteins B) lipids C) carbohydrates

B) lipids

Movements of the large intestine are similar to those in the small intestine although usually slower. The strong and infrequent peristaltic movements in the large intestine are called ______. A) peristalsis B) mass movements C) segmentation D) defecation E) haustral churning

B) mass movements

Changes that occur in the uterus during the month are considered part of the ______ cycle. A) myometrial B) menstrual C) oogonial D) ovarian

B) menstrual

Select all that apply Select all substances that may be absorbed from the stomach. A) complex carbohydrates B) minerals C) fat and protein D) alcohol E) small volumes of water

B) minerals D) alcohol E) small volumes of water

Select all that apply What structures make up the upper respiratory tract? A) bronchial tree B) nose C) lungs D) larynx E) pharynx

B) nose E) pharynx

Multiple Choice Question Expansion of the intestinal wall activates a neural reflex that in turn sends ______ impulses to the intestinal mucosa stimulating release of intestinal secretions. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic

B) parasympathetic

The movements of the small intestine that propel chyme through the intestine: A) defecation B) peristalsis C) segmentation D) mastication

B) peristalsis

The large intestine connects the _____ to the _____. A) esophagus; stomach B) small intestine; anus C) stomach; anus D) stomach; small intestine E) esophagus; small intestine

B) small intestine; anus

The majority of water loss is due to: A) respiration B) urination C) perspiration D) defecation

B) urination

The structures that surround the openings of the urethra and vagina collectively compose the ______. A) fimbriae B) vulva C) cervix D) infundibulum

B) vulva

Select all that apply Which of the following are considered common disorders of the male reproductive system? A) Erectile dysfunction B) Prostate cancer

BOTH A) Erectile dysfunction B) Prostate cancer

Select all that apply Methods of contraception are designed to ______. A) Prevent implantation of a blastocyst that will develop into an embryo. B) Avoid fertilization of an egg cell following sexual intercourse (coitus).

BOTH A) Prevent implantation of a blastocyst that will develop into an embryo. B) Avoid fertilization of an egg cell following sexual intercourse (coitus).

Select all that apply The following two hormones stimulate reabsorption of sodium and water. A) renin B) adrenalin C) ADH D) aldosterone

C) ADH D) aldosterone

The appendix extends from which part of the large intestine? A) Ileum B) Descending colon C) Cecum D) Transverse colon E) Duodenum

C) Cecum

Select all that apply The end products of fat digestion that are absorbed by the small intestine include: A) Electrolytes and water B) Monosaccharides C) Fatty acids D) Monoglycerides E) Amino acids

C) Fatty acids D) Monoglycerides

In a healthy individual which of these volumes would have the greatest numerical value? A) Expiratory reserve volume B) Tidal volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Residual volume

C) Inspiratory reserve volume

What are the main female sex hormones? A) Testosterone B) Androgens C) Progesterone D) Estrogen

C) Progesterone D) Estrogen

Which of the following best describes the location of the kidneys? A) The kidneys are found against the anterior, upper wall of the abdominal cavity posterior to the parietal peritoneum. B) The kidneys are found against the posterior, lower wall of the pelvic cavity posterior to the parietal peritoneum. C) The kidneys are found against the posterior, upper wall of the abdominal cavity posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

C) The kidneys are found against the posterior, upper wall of the abdominal cavity posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

Select all that apply Which of the following are characteristics of the penis? A) The penis plays an important role in testosterone production. B) Contains glands that produce alkaline secretions to improve sperm motility. C) The penis deposits semen in the vagina. D) The penis contains erectile tissue.

C) The penis deposits semen in the vagina. D) The penis contains erectile tissue.

How many lobes are found in the right lung? A) Four B) Two C) Three D) One

C) Three

Which pancreatic enzyme functions to degrade proteins into peptides? A) Pancreatic amylase B) Pancreatic lipase C) Trypsin D) Nuclease

C) Trypsin Reason: Amylase functions in the digestion of polysaccharides like starch or glycogen into disaccharides. and Lipase functions in the digestion of fats like triglyceride molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.

What is the process by which substances move out of the peritubular capillary and move into the renal tubule? A) Tubular reabsorption B) Tubular excretion C) Tubular secretion

C) Tubular secretion

At the apex of the trigone is the neck of the urinary bladder. It opens into what structure? A) Renal corpuscle B) Pelvis C) Urethra D) Ureter

C) Urethra Reason: The ureter drains the kidney; the urethra drains the urinary bladder.

A severe electrolyte deficiency may produce: A) frequent urination B) a desire for alcohol C) a salt craving

C) a salt craving

The largest segment of the stomach is the ______. A) cardia B) fundus C) body D) pylorus

C) body

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of _____ in the mouth. A) nucleic acids B) proteins C) carbohydrates D) fats

C) carbohydrates

Sugar, glycogen and cellulose are all examples of: A) proteins B) nucleic acids C) carbohydrates D) lipids E) vitamins

C) carbohydrates

A(n) ______ is a a barrier birth control method that adheres to the cervix by suction and is inserted in the vagina before intercourse. A) condom B) intrauterine device C) cervical cap

C) cervical cap

Sodium chloride dissolves in water to form sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is an example of a/an _____. A) base B) strong acid C) electrolyte D) hormone E) buffer

C) electrolyte

Indicate which of the following foods are rich in protein: A) crackers, candies, corn B) oils, chocolate, lettuce C) fish, poultry, cheese

C) fish, poultry, cheese

The expanded end of the uterine tube that partially encircles the ovary is called: A) perineum B) isthmus C) infundibulum

C) infundibulum

The ______ consists of two groups of cells: juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. A) interlobar artery B) collecting duct C) juxtaglomerular apparatus D) renal pyramid

C) juxtaglomerular apparatus

The ______ are highly mobile structures that surround the mouth opening. They contain skeletal muscles and sensory receptors useful in judging the temperature and texture of foods. A) uvula B) cheeks C) lips

C) lips Reason: Cheeks do surround the mouth, but the lips surround the opening of the mouth.

The process of urination is also called: A) mastication B) peristalsis C) micturition

C) micturition

The work in the kidneys is performed by the: A) renal pyramids B) glomeruli C) nephrons D) ureters

C) nephrons

The diploid stem cells found in the ovaries are called _____. A) secondary oocytes B) ova C) oogonia D) primary oocytes

C) oogonia

The process of ______ that occurs about day 14 of the ovarian cycle includes the rupturing of the mature follicle and the release of its oocyte and surrounding cells. A) meiosis B) selection C) ovulation

C) ovulation

The release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary is known as _____. A) engorgement B) orgasm C) ovulation D) meiosis

C) ovulation

The small intestine is a tubular organ that extends from the ______ sphincter to the beginning of the large intestine. A) hepatopancreatic B) ileocecal C) pyloric D) lower esophageal

C) pyloric Reason: ileocecal--This sphincter is between the ileum and the cecum. AND The lower esophageal sphincter is between the esophagus and the stomach.

Sperm cells are produced in the ______. A) prostate gland B) epididymis C) seminiferous tubules D) ductus deferens

C) seminiferous tubules

A tough, white, fibrous capsule extends into the testis forming ______ that divide the testis into ______, containing highly coiled ______. A) lobules; septa; seminiferous tubules B) seminiferous tubules; septa; lobules C) septa; lobules; seminiferous tubules D) lobules; seminiferous tubules; septa

C) septa; lobules; seminiferous tubules

The major positively charged ions in extracellular fluids is: A) potassium ions B) calcium ions C) sodium ions

C) sodium ions

The lingual frenulum is located _____, and it connects the tongue to the _____. A) on the posterior surface of the tongue; throat B) on the tongue surface; roof of the mouth C) under the tongue; floor of the mouth

C) under the tongue; floor of the mouth

Multiple choice question: A muscular arch of the soft palate extends posteriorly and downward as a cone-shaped projection called the ______. A) frenulum B) vestibule C) uvula D) papillae

C) uvula

Select all that apply The medullary respiratory center is composed of the: A) pneumotaxic center B) pontine respiratory group C) ventral respiratory group D) dorsal respiratory group

C) ventral respiratory group D) dorsal respiratory group

Which best describes the supportive structures of the trachea? A) C-shaped rings composed of fibrocartilage B) Overlapping plates of hyaline cartilage C) Plates of osseous tissue D) C-shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage

D) C-shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx? A) Prevent objects from entering the trachea B) Conduct air into the trachea C) Protect and house the vocal cords D) Conduct food from the oral cavity to the esophagus

D) Conduct food from the oral cavity to the esophagus

What part of the hemoglobin molecule does carbon dioxide bind to? A) It binds to the bicarbonate. B) It binds to the carbonic anhydrase. C) It binds to the iron part of the heme portion of the molecule. D) It binds to globin portion of the molecule.

D) It binds to globin portion of the molecule.

Most enzymes, structural components of cells, hemoglobin, and some hormones are examples of what type of macromolecule? A) Lipids B) Nucleic acids C) Carbohydrates D) Proteins

D) Proteins

What is the name of the medical device used to measure air volumes (except the residual volume) in order to evaluate the course of respiratory illnesses, such as emphysema, pneumonia, lung cancer, and bronchial asthma? A) Sphygmomanometer B) Electrocardiogram C) Flow cytometer D) Spirometer

D) Spirometer

What is an electrolyte? A) A nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys. B) Compounds that absorb and release hydrogen ions to maintain pH. C) A hormone that increases tubular permeability. D) Substances that form ions when dissolved in water.

D) Substances that form ions when dissolved in water.

The layer of the kidney tissue found just deep to the renal capsule, distinct from the innermost layer of the kidney, is the renal ______. A) sinus B) stroma C) medulla D) cortex

D) cortex

The small intestine consists of three sections. As food passes from the stomach through the small intestine, it passes through the ____, then through the ____, and then finally the ____. A) jejunum; ileum; duodenum B) duodenum; ileum; jejunum C) ileum; duodenum; jejunum D) duodenum; jejunum; ileum

D) duodenum; jejunum; ileum

Glomerular filtration rate ________ when there is excess body fluid and _______ during dehydration. A) decreases; does not change B) normal; abnormal C) normal; normal D) increases; does not change

D) increases; does not change

Pyelonephritis, urethritis and cystitis are all examples of: A) autoimmune disorders of the urinary system B) hormonal disorders of the urinary system C) noninflammatory urinary disorders D) inflammatory urinary disorders

D) inflammatory urinary disorders

The ________ respiratory center includes two groups of neurons called the ventral respiratory group (VRG) and the dorsal respiratory group (DRG). A) pontine B) pneumotaxic C) central D) medullary

D) medullary

The alveolar wall and its basement membrane, the blood capillary wall and its basement membrane, and the intervening interstitial space form a unit referred to as the: A) endothelium B) parietal pleura C) visceral pleura D) respiratory membrane E) respiratory epithelium

D) respiratory membrane

Aldosterone increases reabsorption of ______ from the distal convoluted tubule. A) glucose B) potassium C) amino acids D) sodium

D) sodium

The ______ conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi. A) pharynx B) nasal cavity C) bronchi D) trachea E) bronchioles

D) trachea

A normal adult will average how many breathing cycles per minutes? A) 15-20 B) 6-8 C) 25-30 D) 1-2 E) 12-15

E) 12-15

Describe the location of the stomach. A) In the right lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity B) In the lower middle portion of the abdominal cavity (hypogastric region) C) In the left lower quadrant of the abdominal cavity D) In the middle portion of the abdominal cavity (umbilical region) E) In the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity

E) In the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity

What is the hollow muscular organ that lies just posterior to the symphysis pubis that holds urine? A) Nephron B) Ureter C) Renal pyramid D) Kidney E) Urinary bladder

E) Urinary bladder

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food is called: A) ingestion B) absorption C) defecation D) compaction E) digestion

E) digestion

A disorder of the large intestine in which small saclike out-pockets of the colon form from a diet lacking sufficient fiber is called: A) hepatitis B) hemorrhoids C) inflammatory bowel disease D) appendicitis E) diverticulitis

E) diverticulitis Reason: hepatitis--inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, drugs or alcohol AND hemorrhoids--Enlargement and inflammation of veins in the anal canal AND inflammatory bowel disease--Chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the intestines, abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea AND appendicitis--Acute inflammation of the appendix characterized by pain in the lower right quadrant

The _____ is located where the ascending limb of the nephron loop contacts the afferent and efferent arterioles. A) peritubular capillaries B) renal pelvis C) renal trigone D) podocytes E) juxtaglomerular apparatus

E) juxtaglomerular apparatus

The _____ glands are accessory organs of the female reproductive system specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy.

Mammary

The culmination of sexual stimulation is called _____, a pleasurable feeling of physiological and psychological release that is accompanied by ejaculation.

Orgasm

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the _____.

Scrotum

Place the parts of the colon in order from the beginning to the end: A) Sigmoid colon B) Descending colon C) Transverse colon D) Ascending colon

beginning to the end 1) D) Ascending colon 2) C) Transverse colon 3) B) Descending colon 4) A) Sigmoid colon

The _____ form the lateral walls of the mouth.

cheeks

Methods of _____, also called birth control, are designed to avoid fertilization of an egg following intercourse or a method designed to prevent implantation.

contraception

The renal _____ is the outermost layer of the kidney tissue found just deep to the renal capsule. It is distinct from the innermost layer of the kidney.

cortex

The _____ nephrons are located close to the kidney surface and have relatively short nephron loops.

cortical

The digestive function of the pharynx is to transport food from the mouth to the _____.

esophagus

The clitoris, labia minora, labia majora and vestibular glands are female _____ reproductive organs.

external, accessory, or vulvar

Place in order the events of the female reproductive cycle that result in ovulation. A) Mature follicular cells secrete estrogens. B) Ovulation of a secondary oocyte occurs. C) FSH stimulates maturation of a follicle. D) The anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH. E) The anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH.

female reproductive cycle that result in ovulation 1) D) The anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH. 2) C) FSH stimulates maturation of a follicle. 3) A) Mature follicular cells secrete estrogens. 4) E) The anterior pituitary releases a surge of LH. 5) B) Ovulation of a secondary oocyte occurs.

The pear-shaped sac that is found on the inferior surface of the liver, that concentrates, stores and releases bile is called the _____.

gallbladder

The reproductive system functions to produce sex cells (sperm cells or oocytes), also known as _____, and transport them to sites of fertilization.

gametes

List in order the organs in the hierarchy of hormonal control involved in the female reproductive cycle. A) Ovaries B) Hypothalamus C) Pituitary

hierarchy of hormonal control 1) B Hypothalamus 2) C Pituitary 3) A Ovaries

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Acids release _____ ions into a solution.

hydrogen, H+, or H

The _____, anterior pituitary gland, and testes secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

hypothalamus

The thirst center is located in the _____ of the brain.

hypothalamus

During _____, air moves into the lungs driven by the atmospheric pressure of our environment.

inspiration or inhalation

During forced inspiration, air in addition to the resting tidal volume enters the lungs. This extra volume is called the _____ _____volume.

inspiratory reserve

The spongy organs consisting of progressively smaller airways leading to alveoli are called the _____. These organs are involved in ventilation and gas exchange:

lungs

The renal _____ is the region of the kidney that consists of renal pyramids.

medulla

The _____ cycle involves repetitive changes in the uterine lining that lead to the release of blood and fluids every 24 to 35 days.

menstrual

The process through which the urinary bladder is emptied is called urination or another scientific term is _____.

micturition

The _____ is a small organ located posterior to the pyloric portion of the stomach.

pancreas

Amino acids synthesize _____ which serve as structural materials, function as enzymes, and provide energy.

proteins

Rising levels of estrogens from the ovaries, under the influence of the anterior pituitary, triggers the onset of the life stage known as _____.

puberty

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the _____ artery.

renal

At the alveoli, the layers through which oxygen and carbon dioxide must diffuse are, as a group, called the _____ _____.

respiratory membrane

The pouch that contains the testes is called _____.

scrotum

The fluid expelled during male orgasm is called _____.

semen

The outer covering of the wall of the alimentary canal is also known as the _____.

serosa

The _____ _____ receives secretions from the pancreas and liver as well as completes digestion and absorption of nutrients.

small intestine

List the steps of fat absorption in the small intestine in the correct sequence: A) Fats are reconstructed in intestinal cells B) Fatty acids diffuse through intestinal cells C) Fats are carried off by lymph in lacteals as chylomicrons D) Fats are encased in chylomicrons

steps of fat absorption in the small intestine 1) B) Fatty acids diffuse through intestinal cells 2) A) Fats are reconstructed in intestinal cells 3) D) Fats are encased in chylomicrons 4) C) Fats are carried off by lymph in lacteals as chylomicrons

The J- shaped, pouch-like organ that hangs inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity is the _____.

stomach

The resting _____ volume is the amount of air that enters or exits the body during a quiet, resting respiratory cycle.

tidal

The region on the floor of the urinary bladder bounded by the two ureteral orifices and the urethral orifice is called the _____.

trigone

_____ fats are predominately found in nuts, seeds, and most vegetable oils A) Saturated B) Unsaturated

B) Unsaturated

When acidic chyme enters the duodenum it stimulates the release of ______ that in turn, stimulates the release of pancreatic juice. A) secretin B) carboxypeptidase C) trypsinogen D) gastrin

A) secretin Reason: Carboxypeptidase is present in pancreatic juice, it does not stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice. and Typsinogen is present in pancreatic juice, it does not stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice. and Gastrin is produced in the stomach and it causes an increase in acid production.

Water reabsorption from PCT tubular fluid occurs primarily due to an active reabsorption of _________ ions; water is thus reabsorbed by osmosis. A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium

A) sodium

Male sex cells are called ______, female sex cells are called eggs or ______. Sex cells or gametes contain ______ chromosomes each, compared to ______ chromosomes in other cells. A) oocytes; sperm; 23; 46 B) oocytes; sperm; 46; 23 C) sperm; oocytes; 23; 46 D) sperm; oocytes; 46; 23

C) sperm; oocytes; 23; 46

A miscarriage is also known as a/an: A) induced abortion B) barrier contraception C) spontaneous abortion

C) spontaneous abortion

During follicular development, the dominant follicle is: A) the follicle that contains a primary oocyte in early meiosis B) the fibrous husk surrounding the granulosa cells C) the follicle that outpaces all others and will ovulate

C) the follicle that outpaces all others and will ovulate

The nose and pharynx are components of the: A) lower respiratory tract B) pulmonary trunk C) upper respiratory tract

C) upper respiratory tract

What important mechanism is responsible for maintaining water intake? A) Cellular metabolism B) Urination C) Respiration D) Thirst

D) Thirst

Match the structure associated with the tongue with its description. Lingual frenulum Lingual papillae Lingual tonsils A) Connects the midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. B) Rounded masses of lymphatic tissue located in the posterior region, or root, of the tongue. C) Provide friction, which helps handle food and also bear taste buds.

Lingual frenulum--A Lingual papillae--C Lingual tonsils--B

_____ are organic compounds (such as oils, phospholipids and cholesterol) that supply energy for cellular processes and help build structures, such as cell membranes.

Lipids

_____ are inorganic elements essential in human metabolism. Plants usually extract these elements from soil, and humans obtain them from plant foods or from animals that have eaten plants.

Minerals

Place the events of respiration in order from the entry of new air into the body until the oxygen reaches the cell: A) Pulmonary Ventilation B) Cellular Respiration C) Alveolar Gas exchange D) Systemic Gas exchange E) Gas transport

1) A) Pulmonary Ventilation 2) C) Alveolar Gas exchange 3) E) Gas transport 4) D) Systemic Gas exchange 5) B) Cellular Respiration

Match the following inflammatory disorders of the respiratory system with the correct description: 1) Asthma 2) Bronchitis 3) Pleurisy 4) Laryngitis 5) Emphysema A) Inflammation of the pleural membrane which often causes reduced secretion of serous fluid B) Labored breathing caused by constriction of the bronchioles C) Degenerative lung disease characterized by a breakdown of alveoli and diminishing surface area available for gas exchange D) Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the larynx E) Inflammation of the bronchi characterized by excessive mucus production

1) Asthma--B 2) Bronchitis--E 3) Pleurisy--A 4) Laryngitis--D 5) Emphysema--C

Match the following noninflammatory disorders of the respiratory system with the correct description: 1) Lung cancer 2) Pulmonary edema 3) Pulmonary embolism 4) Respiratory distress syndrome A) A blood clot or gas bubble in a pulmonary artery B) Alveolar collapse that results from insufficient surfactant production C) Accumulation of fluid in the lungs D) Malignant tumor of the lung

1) Lung cancer--D 2) Pulmonary edema--C 3) Pulmonary embolism--A 4) Respiratory distress syndrome--B

Match term to label 1) Mucosa 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis 4) Serosa A) This layer contains arteries, veins, nerves, and lymph vessels. B) Cells of this layer secrete enzymes, mucus or absorb nutrients. C) Layer responsible for peristalsis that helps move substances through the GI tract. D) This layer contains small vessels and glands.

1) Mucosa--B 2) Submucosa--D 3) Muscularis--C 4) Serosa--A

Match term to the definition: 1) Mucus 2) Hydrochloric acid 3) Pepsinogen 4) Intrinsic factor 5) Gastrin A) Protects mucosal lining. B) Disinfects food by destroying ingested pathogens. C) Converted to pepsin, which digests dietary proteins. D) Enables the intestine to absorb vitamin B12. E) Stimulates gastric glands to secrete HCl and enzymes.

1) Mucus--A 2) Hydrochloric acid--B 3) Pepsinogen--C 4) Intrinsic factor--D 5) Gastrin--E

True or false: A respiratory cycle defines the combination of one inspiration and one expiration. A) True B) False

A) True

True or false: Ventilation is another term for breathing, describing air movement into and out of the alveoli. A) True B) False

A) True

Almost 98% of the oxygen that the blood transports is ______. A) bound to the iron portion of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells B) bound to bicarbonate ions in the plasma C) dissolved directly in the plasma D) bound to the amino groups of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells

A) bound to the iron portion of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells

Decreased body temperature will _____ respiratory rate. A) decrease B) increase

A) decrease

Select all that apply The function(s) of the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity include: A) filtration of pathogens and other particles B) warming inhaled air C) humidifying inhaled air D) external respiration E) internal respiration

A) filtration of pathogens and other particles B) warming inhaled air C) humidifying inhaled air

Select all that apply The larynx ______. A) houses the vocal folds B) is the passageway for moving air into and out of the trachea C) conducts food from the oral cavity to the esophagus D) prevents foreign materials from entering the trachea and lungs E) conducts air from the nasal cavity to the esophagus

A) houses the vocal folds B) is the passageway for moving air into and out of the trachea D) prevents foreign materials from entering the trachea and lungs

The "voice-box", a cartilaginous region of the airway that contains the vocal cords, is also called the ______. A) larynx B) conchae C) trachea D) pharynx E) epiglottis

A) larynx

Select all that apply The dorsal respiratory group or DRG is: A) located in the medulla oblongata B) helps process sensory information about the respiratory system C) located in the pons D) controls the basic rhythm of breathing

A) located in the medulla oblongata B) helps process sensory information about the respiratory system

Select all that apply List two characteristics of the ventral respiratory group (VRG). A) located in the medulla oblongata B) plays a role in cardiopulmonary reflexes C) controls the basic rhythm of breathing D) located in the pons

A) located in the medulla oblongata C) controls the basic rhythm of breathing

The functions of saliva include A) moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth. B) moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the esophagus. C) moistening, binding and building up food particles; beginning mechanical digestion of fats; and cleansing the teeth and mouth. D) moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of proteins; and cleansing the esophagus.

A) moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth.

The entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the cells is called _____. A) respiration B) inhalation C) expiration D) ventilation

A) respiration

Select all that apply What structures make up the lower respiratory tract? A) trachea B) pharynx C) bronchial tree D) nose E) lungs

A) trachea C) bronchial tree E) lungs

Tube 4 had starch in it just like tubes 1 and 2 but did not show a reaction with Benedict's reagent. Why not? A) tube 4 didn't have amylase in it B) tube 4 didn't have pH 2 in it C) tube 4 didn't have Benedict's reagent in it D) tube 4 was contaminated

A) tube 4 didn't have amylase in it

True or false: A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to measure air volumes in order to evaluate the course of respiratory illnesses. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: This statement is false. A sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure. A spirometer is the name of the device used to measure air volumes.

Select all that apply List three components of the larynx. A) Tracheal cartilage B) Epiglottic cartilage C) Thyroid cartilage D) Cricoid cartilage E) Costal cartilage

B) Epiglottic cartilage C) Thyroid cartilage D) Cricoid cartilage

True or false: The tidal volume is the amount of air that remains in the lung after maximal forceful expiration. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: The tidal volume is the amount of air that enters or exits the body during a quiet, resting respiratory cycle.

True or false: The majority of dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as carbaminohemoglobin. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: Only a small proportion of the body's carbon dioxide is transported by carbaminohemoglobin. Most is transported as bicarbonate dissolved in the blood.

True or false: Voluntary control of respiratory rate will dominate involuntary controls. A) True B) False

B) False Reason: Voluntary control of respiratory rate is limited. As blood concentration of CO2 increases to a critical point impulses from higher brain centers are ignored and involuntary breathing will resume.

What is the name of the opening between the vocal cords? A) Sinus B) Glottis C) Pharyngeal slit D) Epiglottis

B) Glottis

Select all that apply Which of these statements are true about the serosal layer of the alimentary canal? A) Its main function is absorption of nutrients B) It is also known as the visceral peritoneum C) Its main function is to secrete serous fluid to lubricate the outer surface of the alimentary canal D) Its main function is movement like peristalsis E) It is the outermost layer of the wall of the alimentary canal

B) It is also known as the visceral peritoneum C) Its main function is to secrete serous fluid to lubricate the outer surface of the alimentary canal E) It is the outermost layer of the wall of the alimentary canal

Select all that apply Where are the chemoreceptors that detect the concentration of CO2, O2 and H+ located? A) Cerebral cortex B) Medulla oblongata C) Aorta D) Cerebellum E) Carotid artery

B) Medulla oblongata C) Aorta E) Carotid artery

What bony structures curl out from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to provide support and increased surface areas for attachment of mucous membranes? A) Hard palate B) Nasal conchae C) Paranasal sinuses D) Nostrils

B) Nasal conchae

What structure divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts? A) Frontal sinus B) Nasal septum C) Soft palate D) Hard palate E) Nostrils

B) Nasal septum

_______ is a mixing movement that occurs by alternately contracting and relaxing the smooth muscle in nonadjacent segments of the digestive tract while ______ is a wavelike propelling movement that pushes the contents ahead. A) Peristalsis; segmentation B) Segmentation; peristalsis

B) Segmentation; peristalsis

Identify the names of the lobes of the human left lung. A) Superior, lateral, and inferior B) Superior and inferior C) Anterior, posterior D) Superior, medial, and inferior

B) Superior and inferior

What is the role of the C-shaped cartilaginous rings that line the trachea? A) They allow the expansion of the trachea during inhalation. B) They prevent the trachea from collapsing. C) They aid in the production of sound. D) They prevent the esophagus from collapsing.

B) They prevent the trachea from collapsing.

______ is another term for breathing, describing air movement into and out of the alveoli. A) Asphyxiation B) Ventilation C) Aneurysm D) Apnea

B) Ventilation

Carbonic acid, formed during the transport of CO2, dissociates into ______. A) bicarbonate ions and water B) bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions C) carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions D) oxygen and hydrogen ions

B) bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions

Select all that apply Indicate the components of the respiratory membrane: A) visceral and parietal pleura and intervening pleural space B) capillary endothelium C) alveolar epithelium D) hyaline cartilage rings/plates of the trachea E) interstitial space between alveoli and capillaries

B) capillary endothelium C) alveolar epithelium E) interstitial space between alveoli and capillaries

Select all that apply Which of these chemical factors are monitored by the chemoreceptors that influence respiratory rate? A) concentration of K+ B) concentration of H+ C) concentration of CO2 D) concentration of O2 E) concentration of H2O

B) concentration of H+ C) concentration of CO2 D) concentration of O2

If blood concentrations of CO2 and H+ are too low, breathing rate will _____. A) increase B) decrease

B) decrease

Relaxation of the inspiratory muscles during expiration causes a(n) ______ in the volume of the thoracic cavity. A) increase B) decrease

B) decrease Reason: To cause expiration, the muscles of expiration have to make the lung volume smaller. Decreasing the volume increases the air pressure within the lungs, thus driving the air out of the lungs.

The inflation reflex helps regulate the _______ of breathing. A) rhythm B) depth C) rate D) pattern

B) depth

Which volume is defined as the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond the tidal volume? A) inspiratory reserve volume B) expiratory reserve volume C) vital capacity D) residual volume

B) expiratory reserve volume

Breathing can voluntarily be controlled by ______. A) impulses from the cerebellum B) impulses from the higher brain centers C) impulses from the pons D) impulses from the medulla oblongata

B) impulses from the higher brain centers

Elevated body temperature, such as when an individual has a fever or is exercising, will _____ respiratory rate. A) decrease B) increase

B) increase

Select all that apply Air moves into the lungs during the process known as ______. A) exhalation B) inspiration C) inhalation D) expiration

B) inspiration C) inhalation

During quiet breathing, expiration is a ______ process, meaning that it does not rely on muscle contraction but only upon the recoil of the elastic tissues. A) involuntary B) passive

B) passive

What structures comprise the respiratory membrane? A) the lining of the airways from the primary bronchi down through the terminal bronchioles B) the layers of tissue through which gases diffuse between alveolar air and capillary blood C) the mucosal lining of the nose in the region which contains the olfactory receptors

B) the layers of tissue through which gases diffuse between alveolar air and capillary blood

Select all that apply List the two methods by which oxygen is transported in the blood. A) Bound to the amino groups of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells B) Bound to bicarbonate ions in the plasma C) Dissolved directly in the plasma D) Bound to the iron of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells

C) Dissolved directly in the plasma D) Bound to the iron of the hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells

What is expiration? A) One complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation. B) The movement of air into the lungs. C) The movement of air out of the lungs. D) The diffusion of air across the respiratory membrane.

C) The movement of air out of the lungs.

Select all that apply Holding one's breath leads to a rise in the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood; this in turn would cause ______. A) a decrease in breathing depth and rate B) an inhibition of the external intercostals and pectoralis minor C) an increase in breathing depth and rate D) an increase in stimulation of the diaphragm and external intercostals

C) an increase in breathing depth and rate D) an increase in stimulation of the diaphragm and external intercostals

The three major cartilages that make up the larynx include the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the _______ cartilage. A) hyoid B) glottal C) epiglottal D) tracheal

C) epiglottal

Select all that apply The nasal conchae: A) provide resonance chambers that affect the quality of the voice B) reduce the weight of the skull C) increase the surface area of the nasal cavity D) project from each lateral wall of the nasal cavity

C) increase the surface area of the nasal cavity D) project from each lateral wall of the nasal cavity

The trachea, bronchial tree and lungs all belong to the: A) conducting division B) upper respiratory tract C) lower respiratory tract

C) lower respiratory tract

The hollow space located behind the nose is called the ______. A) oral cavity B) nasal conchae C) nasal cavity D) nasal septum E) nostril

C) nasal cavity

Stretch receptors located in the _____ prevent excessively deep inspirations by inhibiting the impulses that cause inspiration. A) medulla oblongata B) aorta C) visceral pleurae D) carotid arteries

C) visceral pleurae

List the organs of the digestive tract from proximal to distal: A) large intestine B) oral cavity C) small intestine D) esophagus E) stomach F) pharynx

Proximal to distal: oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

Place the layers of the alimentary canal in order from the most superficial layer to the deepest layer.

Superficial to deepest layer serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

The _____ canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal.

alimentary

Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of simple sugars using the Benedict's test?

blue to orange

The main part of the stomach is called the _____

body

The compound formed so that hemoglobin can transport carbon dioxide is _____.

carbaminohemoglobin or HbCO2

The nasal _____ is a hollow space behind the nose.

cavity

Arrange the elements of the bronchial tree based on diameter from the largest to the smallest: A) Trachea B) Bronchiole C) Main (Primary) bronchi D) Lobar (Secondary) bronchi

largest to smallest diameter 1) A) Trachea 2) C) Main (Primary) bronchi 3) D) Lobar (Secondary) bronchi 4) B) Bronchiole

The _____ is an enlargement in the airway at the top of the trachea that houses the vocal cords.

larynx

The _____ are spongy, cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity responsible for gas exchange and ventilation.

lungs

The nasal cavity is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, whose goblet cells produce _____ that warms and humidifies inhaled air before it travels to the lungs.

mucus

The _____ bronchi connect the primary bronchi to each lobe of the lungs. As such, the left lung has two and the right lung has three.

secondary or lobar

The wall of the alimentary canal consists of four layers. Beginning with the innermost tissues, the layers are: mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and _____

serosa

The _____ is a flexible cylindrical tube with C shaped cartilage rings that extends downward from the larynx to the primary bronchi.

trachea