Unit 4 - nutrition
_____ can help reduce mild cases of constipation.
Eating more fiber-rich foods
A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper GI tract is called _____.
a peptic ulcer
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by which of these signs and symptoms?
abdominal cramping, diarrhea, rectal bleeding
The Heimlich maneuver, also called "_____", is a first aid technique that can help clear the blocked airway of a choking person.
abdominal thrusts
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered to be _____ organs of the digestive system.
accessory
Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the stomach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called _____.
chyme
Cancer that starts in either the colon or the rectum is called _____.
colorectal cancer
To aid in the digestive process, saliva _____.
contains an enzyme that can digest starch
_____ occurs when more water than normal is secreted into the GI tract or the GI tract absorbs less water than normal.
diarrhea
One of the roles of the _____ is to eliminate the waste products from the digestion of food.
digestive system
Choose the factors that can contribute to or worsen acid reflux.
drinking alcohol, Lying down soon after eating a large meal, Having excess body fat in one's midsection
Rank the sections of the small intestine in order as they appear in the GI tract. Instructions
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called _____.
enzymes
Peristalsis occurs in which of the following organs?
esophagus, stomach, intestines
To help increase bowel regularity and reduce constipation, it is useful to _____.
exercise regularly
As a result of their metabolic activity, intestinal bacteria contribute to _____.
flatulence
The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the _____ to close properly.
gastroesophageal sphincter
_____ can increase the risk of gallstones.
have excess body fat
When the stomach's contents can flow back into (reflux) the esophagus, this causes symptoms that are often referred to as _____.
heartburn
The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by _____.
increasing the surface area of the small intestine
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
makes cholesterol, produces new cells and repairs damaged cells, produces bile
The physical breakdown of food, such as the mixing of food by muscular contractions, is an example of _____.
mechanical digestion
major organs in digestive system in order
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
The main function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to _____.
prevent food in the stomach from spilling back into the esophagus
Enzymes are _____ that can help in the breakdown of large substances.
proteins
The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the _____.
pyloric sphincter
Which of the following events occur in the mouth and aid digestion?
salivary glands secrete saliva, teeth grind food
Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the _____.
small intestine
The lining of the _____ is covered with tiny, fingerlike projections called villi.
small intestine
Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?
transports nutrients into blood or lymph, process foods into nutrients
A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the inner lining of the large intestine is _____.
ulcerative colitis
Choose the statements that describe probiotics.
They are live, beneficial microbes; They may help maintain or re-establish the normal balance of bacteria in the colon
What can synthesize vitamin K and biotin, as well as produce substances that the colon can use for energy?
Intestinal bacteria
_____ can be characterized by frequent bouts of abdominal pain and bloating with diarrhea or constipation.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Which of the following options correctly lists the major organs of the digestive tract, from start to finish?
Mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine
_____, a substance that aids fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
bile
Although the cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown, which of the following factors may trigger the disorder?
certain foods, depression, emotional stress
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes secreted into the digestive tract would be an example of _____.
chemical digestion
What are two roles of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) that is secreted in the stomach?
it makes proteins easier to digest, it kills many disease-causing microorganisms that may be in food
The role of the pyloric sphincter is to control the rate at which chyme _____.
leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine
Mild diarrhea in adults can be treated with _____.
lopermide
After food enters the stomach, the opening between the esophagus and stomach is closed by the _____.
lower esophageal sphincter
Which of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system and thus play a major role in digestion even though food does not pass directly through them?
pancreas, liver, gallbladder
_____ is an involuntary, wavelike muscular contraction that propels food along the gastrointestinal tract.
peristalsis
Treatment of severe diarrhea includes drinking watery replacement fluids that contain which of the following ingredients?
sodium, simple sugars, potassium
Chyme is formed in the _____.
stomach
The _____ secretes gastric juice, which contains enzymes that break down some protein and fat.
stomach
The small intestine connects the _____.
stomach to the largest intestine
A first aid technique that is used to help a person who is choking is _____.
the Heimlich maneuver
Which options describe the absorptive cells of villi in the small intestine?
they are coated with microvilli, they secrete digestive enzymes
Foods and beverages that may contribute to acid reflux include alcohol, peppermint, coffee, and _____.
tomatoes and tomato-based sauces
Probiotics may be found in foods such as _____.
yogurt
