unit 4 quizes

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection?

A farmer increasing the salinity of his fields by irrigation, which results in weeds that are resistant to high-salt conditions

Which of the following would support the hypothesis that phytoplankton block the light from getting to benthic algae?

When phytoplankton are eaten by fish there are more benthic algae in the lake.

Consider the carbon cycle and the role of primary producers, primary and secondary consumers and decomposers. Which of these organisms cycle fixed carbon back into carbon dioxide?

producers, consumers, decomposers

Which of the following organisms cycle carbon back into the air as carbon dioxide?

producers, consumers, decomposers

The __________ photosynthesis are the _____________ of cellular respiration.

products, reactants

Which of the following is NOT a potential advantage of genetically modifying our food supply?

reduction in biodiversity due to one very successful type of crop

Which of the following is the biggest concern in regards to genetically modifyinterm-3g our food supply?

reduction in biodiversity due to one very successful type of crop

If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the birds are

secondary consumers

In one ecosystem, leaf hoppers eat the alfalfa plants, frogs eat the leaf hoppers, and snakes eat the frogs. In this ecosystem, the frogs are

secondary consumers

Using the phylogenetic species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

share a recent common ancestor.

Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution?

some dogs follow instructions to sit and others do not

Which of the following is an example of a founder effect?

10 fertilized frog eggs float to the island on a log and start a new population.

If you have a population of humans with 15 homozygous dominant people, 25 heterozygous people, and 10 homozygous recessive people, what is the allele frequency for the dominant allele?

55%

You start with a population with an allele frequency of 25% G and 75% g, and the individuals breed randomly and there is no selection for or against G or g.

After 100 generations, you would expect the allele frequency to be 25% G and 75% g.

Which of the following is an example of natural selection, which is the mechanism of evolution?

Insects with green alleles become more common over generations in an environment with many green leaves.

How could you create a transgenic plant?

Insert the gene from a different species in the vector, infect a plant cell with the new gene, and grow a plant from the cell.

Which of the following is a value, not a fact?

It is more important to be able to use phosphorous fertilizer, than to limit phosphorous entering the Great Lakes.

There is an island with plants that have many red flowers. There also are red insects that live on the flowers and birds that hunt the insects by looking for them on the island. There is a mutation in the plants so that they now have white flowers. Hummingbirds on the island preferentially pollinate the white flowers, so after a few generations most of the flowers are white. What would this most likely do to the population or red insects?

It would decrease the fitness of the red insects, resulting in natural selection against them.

Which of the following is true in Lake Michigan?

Light and phosphorous are limiting factors for the growth of the benthic algae, Cladophora.

The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The cellulose comes from

NOT carbon dioxide mostly through the roots, and water mostly through the leaves.

A polygenic disease would be a bad target for gene therapy because

NOT in polygenic diseases the gene mutates each time the affected cells divide by mitosis, NOT polygenic diseases cause symptoms in too many organs to be treated effectively by changing one gene.

If you were determining whether two fossilized plants were the same species or not, you would most likely use the

NOT palientological, NOT ecological, NOT biological, NOT phylogenic definition of a species.

Of the following, gene therapy would most likely to be successful in treating

a disease caused by a single known mutation in one gene.

Which of the following is least likely to be an advantage of genetically modifying food?

adding vectors to plants

Under the morphological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

are physically similar

A chicken breeder selects chickens with the reddest feathers from her flock and breeds them to each other. She does this for many generations, always picking the chickens with the reddest feathers. This is an example of

artificial selection

A horse breeder selects horses with the longest legs from the herd and breeds them to each other. She does this for many generations, always picking the horses with the longest legs. This is an example of

artificial selection.

Why do we have many definitions of species?

because we have different questions and different data in various situations

Plants contain starches and cellulose. Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides (polymers of sugars). The carbon in starches comes from

carbon dioxide

When 85% of a population of worms on the ground are randomly killed by a boulder falling on them, and the remaining 15% keep breeding and maintain the population, it is an example of

bottleneck affect

The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The carbon in the cellulose in plants is from

carbon dioxide fixed by photosynthesis.

In the leaves of plants during photosynthesis

carbon dioxide is a reactant and glucose is a product.

The temperature of the Earth is increasing because

carbon dioxide is being released from fossil fuels.

In an ecosystem, __________ usually cycle(s) within the ecosystem, and __________ usually flow(s) through the ecosystem.

chemicals, energy

If two fish live in the same part of a lake, eat the same food, have the same predators and hide and reproduce in the same parts of the lake, then they are the same species by the

ecological definition of species

Which of the following is correctly matched to its main function?

flowers-reproduction

In ecosystems, chemicals usually cycle within the ecosystem, and energy usually

flows through the ecosystem

If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the beetles are

primary consumers

Ten geese leave a population of 1000 geese by flying to a new island where there were no geese. The ten geese start a new population on the island. You measure their traits and notice that there is a difference in the traits of population on the island compared to the traits of the original population. This is an example of a

founder affect

When the receptor proteins on an egg do not match the proteins on a sperm cell, that is an example of

gametic isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.

When two individuals live in the same general area, but not the same ecological niche, then it is an example of

habitat isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.

Genetic engineering

has potential risks to health, like pharmaceutical treatments.

Which of the following is least likely to be a problem of traditional agriculture?

increased biodiversity

The evidence for evolution does NOT include

individuals of a species surviving at the same rate as each other.

Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation?

insects with external genitalia do not align for fertilization

If the external genitals (reproductive organs) of two birds prevent them from creating a zygote together, it is an example of

mechanical isolation

In an ecosystem, photosynthesis occurs in the

primary producers

The average net productivity of open ocean and of tundra are roughly equal to each other and are each about 150 g/m2/yr. The Earth has more open ocean than it has tundra. From this information you would predict that

more of the Earth's net primary production is from open ocean, than from tundra.

If two dead specimens of birds in a museum of unknown origin are examined and the biologist decides that they are the same species because they have the same leg, wing, body, head and bill shapes, and the same colorings in the feathers and other body parts, then the biologist is using the

morphological definition of a species

If you claim two rodents are the same species based on the similar appearance of their fur, tail anatomy and nose shape you are using the

morphological definition of a species.

Which of the following is NOT a way that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs?

natrual selection

Which of the following is a mechanism of adaptive evolution, where the alleles of the fittest individuals will become more frequent in subsequent generations?

natural selection

Fertilizer usually contains

nitrate, phosphate and potassium

If you claim two plants are the same species based on the basis of them having a common ancestor, you are using the

phylogenetic definition of species

If you were determining whether two samples of DNA came from individuals of the same or different species and looked at the variation in nucleotides to estimate the most recent common ancestor, you would be using the

phylogenic definition of a species.

Which type of disease would be a bad target for gene therapy?

polygenic disease, a single-gene disease of cells that are divine and can be isolated

If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the beetles are

primary consumer

A hawk eats mice that eat seeds from plants. In this example, the mice are

primary consumers

Which of the following would be most likely to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant bacteria?

stopping the use of methicillin

Which of the following would be most likely to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant bacteria?

stopping the use of methicillin.

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

sunlight energy enters, is converted to chemical energy and is released as heat

When you are considering the contribution of a type of ecosystem to primary production you need to know

the average net primary productivity (g/m2/yr) and the size of that ecosystem.

Which of the following is NOT a way that new alleles or new combinations of alleles occur in a population?

the founder affect

Consider the carbon cycle and the role of primary producers, primary and secondary consumers and decomposers. Which of these organisms cycle fixed carbon back into carbon dioxide?

the producers, consumers and decomposers

Which of the following is an example of temporal isolation?

two lightning bugs that are ready to mate at different times of day

For this question assume that there is one gene that determines leg length in the beetles being studied. Which of the following would be the best strategy if you wanted to generate a population of beetles with extremely long legs from a population that had a wide variety of leg lengths?

use artificial selection by breeding the beetles with the longest legs generation after generation

The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The cellulose comes from

water mostly through the roots, and carbon dioxide from the air.

Artificial selection, agriculture, selective breeding and genetic engineering are all

ways that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs.