unit 4 review ppt

A human somatic cell in metaphase has how many centromeres?

46

Suppose a cell prior to meiosis copies its DNA and now has 10 "units" of DNA. After it completes meiosis I, the two resulting daughter cells will have ___ units of DNA. After they complete meiosis II, they each will have ___ units of DNA.

5; 2.5

Chromatids begin to separate during mitosis as a result of a surge in concentration of what protein?

APC

A challenge to growing cells in culture (in a lab) is the fact that they often don't grow very well even without many neighbors. Instead, they need very particular surfaces on which to grow. Cells in culture that don't divide much, yet are not in G0, are therefore likely exhibiting what property?

Anchorage dependence

Plant/fungus cells and animal cells undergo two different cytokinetic processes. Each one forms a unique structure or shape prior to division. What are those two structures/shapes called?

Cleavage furrow and cell plate

During the cell cycle, what regulatory protein's concentration rises and falls with each phase? Which protein maintains a constant concentration?

Cyclin concentrations rise and fall; Cdk concentration remains constant.

Looking through a microscope, you see a cell with visible nucleus but no visible chromosomes. What phase of the cell cycle is it in

Interphase; G1/S/G2

Cyclin bonds to Cdk and forms a structure known as

MPF cyclin/Cdk complex

What is a Barr body

a deactivated X chromosome

What term is used to describe either the two resulting nuclei during telophase or the two resulting cells from mitosis?

daughter

A chromosome loses a large section of its DNA during cell division. What TWO mutations could have occurred?

deletion or transduction

If you were to inhibit the ability of kinetochores to form, what phase of mitosis/meiosis would be the first to experience a problem?

metaphase and metaphase i/ii

Independent assortment occurs in which step of meiosis?

metaphase i

If, during the process of metaphase (or metaphase I/II), the spindle fibers attach to the wrong chromosome(s) and thus pull an incorrect number to each side of the soon-to-be daughter cell, what mutation process has occurred?

nondisjunction

What type of maturation process causes Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, and other trisomic/monosomic disorders?

nondisjunction

Two chromatids make a chromosome. Two chromosomes make a...

tetrad

In humans, diploid spermatocytes lead to haploid sperm which fuse with ova to become diploid ..what?

zygotes