Unit 4 Study Guide

How was John Adams's presidency made much more difficult?

Alexander Hamilton interfered and opposed him constantly.

Why did Washington view the Whiskey Rebellion as treason?

Because the governor refused to suppress the rebellion, Washington saw it as a state's refusal to pay taxes and violent protest against the government.

During the Adams administration,

France reacted negatively to the terms of Jay's Treaty.

Which of the following was NOT a Hamiltonian idea?

France was the United States' most important ally.

Why didn't Washington veto Hamilton's bank bill?

Hamilton made a strong argument for it, and Jefferson argued weakly against it.

Why had Washington's political alliance shifted by the end of his presidency?

He shifted from neutrality to a closer alliance with the Republicans.

How did Alexander Hamilton fail to achieve all of his economic policy objectives?

He was unable to win the passage of a protective tariff.

How was Washington's election to the presidency different than every president since?

He was unanimously elected by the Electoral College.

How did the XYZ Affair affect U.S. politics?

High Federalists used the tensions it created as an excuse for military expansion.

Which of the following statements about the Whiskey Rebellion is FALSE?

It involved an attempt to prohibit the consumption of whiskey and other alcoholic beverages.

Why did Spain agree to the terms of the Pinckney Treaty?

It mistook Jay's Treaty for an Anglo-American alliance.

Why did opponents criticize Hamilton's assumption program?

It rewarded states like Massachusetts, which had sloppy financial systems, for nonpayment of debt

Why did the Sedition Act distress many Americans?

It threatened their political right to disagree with and speak out against the government.

Which of the following individuals was NOT a member of George Washington's first cabinet?

James Madison

How were political parties formed in the United States?

Opponents who had disagreed on finances began to disagree on which country to support in the European war.

Initially, why did Americans want to remain neutral when war broke out in Europe?

The British and the French treated the young American nation arrogantly.

How are the Quasi-War and the XYZ Affair related?

The XYZ Affair led to the Quasi-War between the United States and France.

How does the financial-political climate of the late eighteenth century compare to today's climate?

The political and financial climates of both times can be characterized as strife-filled, interdependent on each other, and globally influenced.

How did Washington's and Adam's cabinets compare to today's?

They were much smaller, consisting of only three offices, whereas today's cabinet comprises dozens of secretaries and thousands of employees

Why did Congress pass the Naturalization Law?

To allow the Federalists to maintain political control.

How did Adams influence the United States' future land holdings?

X- He proposed a law in Congress to tax English imports at a high rate, generating enough income to buy the Southwest from Spain. X- He banned political parties, cooling passionate debates so that the nation could focus on expansion.

How did Hamilton demonstrate his dedication in developing his plan for prosperity and security?

X- He traveled around the United States, even into the Western Territories, to gain a true sense of the nation's fiscal status. X- He traveled to England and France, studying their economic institutions and industrial centers.

How did Hamilton affect Jay's Treaty?

X- He wrote the terms of the treaty, consolidating his and Madison's ideas. X- He counseled Jay on whom to see and what to say when he went to England.

How was the election of 1800 a peaceful revolution?

X- The House and the Senate disagreed about who should be president, so they created the Electoral College—a revolutionary but peaceful solution. X- The public marched in the streets, chanting and holding signs in support of their candidates.

Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts?

X- They excluded poor farmers from their voting and civil rights X- They didn't support a strong central government

Why did Jeffersonians' fear strong financial institutions?

X- They resented Federalists, who tended to have more money X- Most were simple farmers who did not understand banking policy.

Each of the following is true of the election of 1800 EXCEPT

X- it led to changes in the presidential electoral process. X- John Adams refused to attend Jefferson's inauguration.

For many Americans, George Washington was

a symbol of the new government.

Washington's Farewell Address

advised against alliances with nations that weren't promoting American security.

The election of 1796 was complicated by

behind-the-scenes manipulations by Alexander Hamilton.

The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution

changed the process of electing the president and vice president.

In the early 1790s, British actions toward the United States indicated

disdain for American rights.

Washington realized he was a symbol for the young American nation in that he

embodied the hopes and fears of the new republic.

During Washington's second term in office,

foreign affairs became a much more important focus.

Jay's Treaty succeeded in

getting British troops to withdraw from the northwest forts

James Madison opposed Hamilton's proposal for the public debt because

he believed only a chosen few would benefit.

The Bank of the United States was based on the doctrine of

implied powers.

Opposition to Hamilton's proposed national bank

involved issues relating to Congress's constitutional powers.

Thomas Jefferson felt it was important that the new government

lean toward France in the event it clashed with Britain.

By the end of Washington's first term of office,

political squabbling had divided the government.

The Report on Manufacturers suggested

protective tariffs.

Which of the following would Alexander Hamilton have proposed?

providing government subsidies to manufacturers

The Judiciary Act of 1789

set up a Supreme Court with one chief justice and eight associate justices.

The greatest challenge facing the first Washington administration was

setting the government's finances in order.

According to the Kentucky Resolutions,

states had the right to nullify federal law under certain circumstances.

Members of the Federalist party

supported a strong national government.

In 1798, the Federalists sponsored a military buildup with the intention of

suppressing internal political dissent.

Hamilton's Report on the Public Credit recommended

that the federal government assume remaining state debts.

As a result of the Battle of Fallen Timbers,

the United States asserted its authority on the western frontier.

As a result of the actions taken by President Adams in 1799,

the United States resolved its differences with France.