unit 5

Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?

Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.

More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?

Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.

The two images each show a different form of beef production. Which of the following statements explains a primary difference between the agricultural practices?

Image 1 shows traditional beef production, which has regained popularity because of perceived environmental and ethical benefits compared to the beef production shown in Image 2.

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown?

Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

Which map would be MOST useful for a farmer that just acquired a new plot of land?

A topographic map.

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.

Which of the following best compares a technological consequence of the Green Revolution in more developed and less developed countries?

Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.

All the following statements are true about agriculture EXCEPT:

Horses were first domesticated in Australia about 6,000 years ago.

The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images?

Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields.

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Identify the type of agriculture based on the following human and physical conditions. Crops = wheat, corn, soybeans, oats Land worked by human power and tools crop rotation utilized climate = high precipitation in summer, harsh winters

Intensive subsistence wet rice not-dominant

Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images?

Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production.

Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?

Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.

Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thünen's model?

Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town.

Based on the map above, explain the degree to which lettuce production takes place in the United States

Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. Most lettuce is produced, processed, and packaged for sale in supermarkets that are a significant distance from where the product was grown.

Which region is credited as the hearth of maize?

Mesoamerica

Which settlement pattern reflects a culture that prioritizes individualism?

Metes-and-bounds.

Which statement BEST describes banana farming, a form of plantation agriculture, in Central America today?

Multinational companies control production and distribution on plantations.

Colonialism profoundly shaped which type of agriculture in the Americas?

Plantation agriculture

Which of the following is NOT an example of extensive farming practices?

Plantation agriculture

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

Based on von Thünen's model of rural land use, which of the following explains the location of agricultural practice A or B relative to the market?

Practice A represents intensive land use, requires a smaller parcel of land, and can afford higher land costs found closer to the market.

Which village form would MOST likely characterize the Ariaal ethnic group in northeastern Kenya, a community a semi-nomadic cattle herders? Reference the images above.

Round village.

Which geographer is known for distinguishing between vegetative planting and seed agriculture?

Sauer

In which of the following regions is the "fertile crescent" located?

Southwest Asia

Sorghum, Yams, and Millet were first domesticated in which region?

Sub-Saharan Africa

In which of the following areas would nomadic herding most likely be practiced today?

The African Sahel

Up until the 1950s, many developing countries around the world struggled to grow enough food to feed their populations. Many suffered from severe famines. Today, many of these same countries are exporters of food, such as fruit and vegetables, to developed countries such as the United States. Which of the following revolutions allowed this transformation to take place?

The Green Revolution

Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the two images?

The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern.

Without any formal scientific training, Luther Burbank used primarily his intuition to select, against great odds, hundreds of phenomenal new and useful varieties of plants, as a contribution to which agricultural revolution?

The second agricultural revolution

Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern that results from irrigation in arid regions?

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

Which countries are top producers of maize?

United States, China, Brazil

Which of the following best describes the climate of the African Savanna?

Warm with distinct dry season and wet season.

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?

Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.

All of following are true regarding the cultivation of rice EXCEPT:

wet rice is most easily grown on uneven land because it is easier to flood the fields.

As a result of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following crop diffused from the Old World to the New World?

Coffee

All of the following contemporary agricultural patterns resulted from the Columbian Exchange EXCEPT

corn in Mexico

Which of the following explains a reason why education and employment rates for women are lower in less developed compared to more developed countries?

Females take primary responsibility for harvesting and cooking food in less developed countries.

Which of the following explains the prevalence of banana plantations in Central America?

Banana plants were brought to Central America from Southeast Asia to be grown closer to markets in the United States and Canada.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries?

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

In southern colonial areas most of the farmers lived far apart from each other. This is an example of which of the following?

Dispersed rural settlements.

Match the animal with the origin of its domestication.

Goats- The Zagros Mountains

Which of the following are characteristics of ranching regions around the world? Low population densities Poor land quality High labor inputs High capital investments

I and II

The images shown illustrate the differences in scale of production for two methods of producing thread. Which of the following best describes advances in the production of textiles during the Second Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

The conversion from manual thread spinning to an industrial processing approach led to increased demand for raw cotton in the agricultural sector.

Houses in rural Japanese farming villages are tightly packed together. This primarily reflects which of the following?

The limited arable land to grow crops on.

In 2017, the United States exported approximately $500 million of beef to Mexico, and Mexico exported approximately $500 million of beef to the United States. Which of the following best explains this international supply chain?

United States and Mexican producers rely on each other's market to sell certain beef products.

Agriculture is practiced at the local scale, and agricultural yields are measured at the national scale. Which of the following best explains why the concept of the global system of agriculture is helpful to geographers?

The concept helps geographers simplify and visualize a vast and complicated global supply chain.

Which of the following best explains the degree to which subsistence and commercial agriculture in West African countries such as Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire cultivate the land?

While some farmers are engaged in subsistence agriculture practices, there is significant commercial farming focused on luxury goods for export, such as coffee and cocoa.

Which of the following explains an economic benefit of cattle production using feedlots rather than grass pastures?

Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of feedlots, increasing profits for the farmer.

Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?

A system where consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions.

Which of the following statements best explains why life expectancies increased in some countries during the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Food supplies increased due to new methods of farming and increased mechanization, which led to better dietary habits and decreased food insecurities.

Which second agricultural revolution innovation was most instrumental in making today's industrial-scale agricultural production possible?

German Fritz Haber's development of a high-temperature, energy-intensive process to synthesize plant-available nitrate from air.

Which of the following best explains how a wheat farmer in the Northern Plains region of the United States is able to maximize profits?

Grain farming is an extensive farming practice that can maximize profits in part by lower land costs, lower transportation costs, and imperishability of the product.

A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.

The Nile River Valley has allowed for cultivation to occur for centuries providing the populations along the Nile River a vital supply of food. The spread of agriculture along the Nile River is an example of which of the following?

Human-environment interaction

Using the data shown, which of the following best explains the spatial variations of rural women's roles in food production and food preparation?

In less developed countries, females and males tend to participate equally in harvesting and preparation tasks.

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

The two images show an agricultural transition that occurred in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains how this transition helped meet a challenge of contemporary agriculture?

The increased crop yield produced more food for a growing global urban and industrial population.

Areas settled using which type of land survey systems in North America are likely to require the least time, money, or energy to provide basic services such as mail, trash collection, or electricity?

The long-lot system

Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images?

The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern.

California droughts are especially problematic for the truck and fruit farms because they rely heavily on steady rains typical of ______ climate zones.

humid temprate

Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?

Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.

Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle?

Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable.