Unit 5 AP Psychology Practice Test

REM sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

Circadian rhythm

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting sleep at night is most likely due to disruption of his normal

LSD

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

Decreasing REM sleep

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by

Self-conscious

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more

Psychoactive drugs

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

Tolerance

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of

Free radicals

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces _____________ that are toxic neurons.

nicotine

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, _________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

Spend less time in deep sleep

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60 year-olds

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Consciousness is

Hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

Amphetamines

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

The participant was caught up in playing the role of a "good hypnotic subject" and ignored the pain

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given the suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

Physical dependence

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Mary is most clearly showing signs of

Antagonist

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as a(n)

Distracting attention

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

Dreaming

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with _________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

Dissociation

People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Often a combination of fact and fiction

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

REM sleep may not be necessary for normal functioning

Research on sleep patterns indicate that

Many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

Treating obesity

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

Manifest

Shame, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

The cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

Physiological

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following theories?

Heroin

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of

Cocaine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

Social influence

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

Tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Biopsychosocial

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated _________ approach.

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common?

The brain stops producing endorphins

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

Blocking the reuptake of dopamine

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

Anxiety

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal?

Physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

Caffeine

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to impair people's ability to sleep?

Genital arousal

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

Dissociation theory

.Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty remembering everything they had learned while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge

cocaine

A brief 15- to 30- minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

Gain social acceptance

Adolescents are most likely to start smoking in order to

Addiction

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows sings of

Manifest

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman, when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Feud, Inge's account represents the ___________ content of her dream

Psychoactive

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called __________ drugs.

Circadian rhythm

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of

Addiction

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of

Circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

REM; NREM-3

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to _______ sleep.

Physical dependence

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

Effective memory

Slow-wave sleep promotes

Marijuana; hallucinogen

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

Methamphetamine

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ___________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs.

Neuroadaptation

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

Dissociation

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

Feel powerless to overcome the addiction

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to

90 minutes

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

NREM-1 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

Fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

Narcolepsy

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following?

Dreaming

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

Age regression

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

Caffeine

Which of the following is most widely consumed psychoactive substance?

Depressants

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

REM sleep

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

Sleep apnea

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

Reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

Drug tolerance refers to the

Posthypnotic suggestion

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of