Unit 5: Check Your Knowledge

Which monosaccharide is added to a glucose molecule to make the disaccharide in the right-hand column? - Maltose: _____ - Sucrose: ______ - Lactose: _____

- Maltose: Glucose - Sucrose: Fructose - Lactose: Galactose

Sam is trying to increase his intake of soluble fiber. From these four options, click to select three foods that are rich sources of soluble fiber.

- apple - black beans - oatmeal

Identify risk factors that increase an American's risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

- family history of type 2 diabetes - personal history of gestational diabetes - obesity - African ancestry

In order to specifically increase soluble fiber intake, which of the following would be good choices? From these four options, click to select three foods that are good sources of insoluble fiber.

- mixed nuts - wheat bran - popcorn

Over time, untreated or poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus ("diabetes") causes much harm to the body. Which of the following disorders, conditions, or events is a serious health consequence of poorly-controlled diabetes, including gestational diabetes?

- nerve damage - kidney failure - blood vessel damage - heart disease

Diabetes is a leading cause of death in the United States. Complete the sentence with its appropriate term. - The majority of Americans with diabetes have ______. - The major type of diabetes is characterized by _______. - Approximately 5% of diabetes cases are _______. - The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in _______. - The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called ________. Women who have this condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth.

- type 2 diabetes - insulin resistance - type 1 diabetes - no pancreatic insulin - gestational diabetes

Javier is 5 years of age. Recently, his parents noticed Javier does not want to play as much as before. Plus, he has a dry cough, "runny" nose, constant urge to drink fluids, and slight fever. His parents are concerned that he may have type 1 diabetes. Which of Javier's signs and symptoms are associated with type 1 diabetes?

- unusual tiredness - constant urge to drink fluids

According to the latest version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ______ is a "nutrient of public health" concern, because many Americans do not consume enough of it.

fiber

In a healthy person, blood sugar levels _______, soon after eating a meal.

increase

Glucagon is a hormone that is secreted by your pancreas. Glucagon ________.

raises your blood glucose level to normal

On average, women need _____ grams of fiber per day and men need _____ grams of fiber per day.

25; 38

Categorize the following as health benefits of soluble or insoluble fiber.

Benefits of Soluble Fiber: - lowers blood cholesterol - improves blood glucose control - provides food energy for gut bacteria Benefits of Insoluble Fiber: - prevents constipation

Classify the appropriate carbohydrate on the left as a disaccharide or monosaccharide.

Disaccharide: - sucrose - lactose - maltose Monosaccharide: - fructose - glucose

Insulin _______.

allows cells to take in glucose

Lisa is a 19-year-old college student who recently began experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. Select all of the dietary practices that may help Lisa meet her calcium needs without aggravating her lactose intolerance symptoms.

- Eat yogurt and aged cheese. - Drink milk that has been pre-treated with lactase. - Drink calcium-fortified soy milk instead of cow's milk. - Consume small amounts of milk.

For several weeks, Darryl hasn't been feeling well. He has a family history of type 2 diabetes, so when he developed some major signs and symptoms of the disease, he made an appointment with his physician to be tested for diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements about Darryl's current state of health is true?

- He has sores on his feet that are not healing. - He has an unusual thirst for watery fluids. - He has to urinate more than in the past.

William is trying to meet the Dietary Guidelines recommendation to "make half your grains whole grains." From these four options, click to select three simple shifts that would increase William's intake of whole grains.

- Choose brown rice instead of white rice. - Choose 100% whole wheat bread instead of white bread for making sandwiches. - Switch from plain spaghetti to 50/50 wheat blend pasta.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is _____ g per day. This amount of carbohydrate is enough to prevent ________.

130; excess ketone formation

True or False: Lactose intolerance is a form of milk allergy.

False

The carbohydrates in your diet can contribute to tooth decay by ________.

serving acid-producing bacteria that live on your teeth and gums