Unit 5: Civil War/Reconstruction

President Johnson announced that the Union was restored in (b)

April 1865. December 1865. July 1868. February 1870.

Which of the following was an area of agreement between Lincoln and Davis? (a)

Both wanted to avoid a war between the North and South. Both considered Davis an equal leader to Lincoln. Both considered Lincoln the rightful leader of the Union. Both believed the South had a right to leave the Union.

Which of the following best describes Roger B. Taney? (c)

Chief Justice Taney was the son of a fiery abolitionist. Democratic candidate Taney was a poor Southerner. Chief Justice Taney was the son of a slaveholding family. Republican candidate Taney was a wealthy Northerner.

As a result of the tension between President Johnson and the Radical Republicans, (a)

Congress voted to impeach President Johnson. Johnson declared he would stop vetoing bills. Johnson chose to support Radical Reconstruction. Congress refused to appoint Edwin Stanton.

Which statement best describes the contributions of Frederick Douglass during the Civil War? (c)

Douglass was an abolitionist who served the Union in the 54th Massachusetts Regiment. Douglass was an abolitionist who formed the flying squadron known as the Tuskegee Airmen. Douglass was an abolitionist who encouraged the Union to allow African Americans to enlist. Douglass was an abolitionist who helped enslaved people escape through the Underground Railroad.

Which statement best describes Southern military districts during Reconstruction? (b)

Each state became a separate military district. The South was divided into five different military districts. Each district was governed by a member of Congress. The districts all rejoined the Union at the same time.

***Which statement best describes a result of the Battle of Gettysburg? (b)

Europe withdrew its financial support for the Confederate government. Europe would not recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation. The Confederacy began to believe that it might win the Civil War. The Confederacy dealt a powerful blow to the Union military.

Which statement best describes President Lincoln's reaction to the formation of the Confederate States of America? (b)

He demanded that the South free its enslaved people. He refused to accept the secession of states from the Union. He threatened war unless the South returned to the Union. He expressed hope that the new nation would prosper.

How did outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg affect morale on both sides? (a)

It convinced the North that victory was possible and the South that defeat was inevitable. It convinced the South that victory was possible and the North that defeat was inevitable. It convinced the South that General Lee was a great leader and the North that General Meade was not. It convinced the North that General Lee was a great leader and the South that General Meade was not.

***How did the Union blockade of the southern coast affect the Confederacy? (b)

It forced the Confederacy to build new railroads. It contributed to shortages of weapons and food. It encouraged Europe to trade with the South. It halted all trade, leaving the South without supplies.

How did the number of factories in the North affect the start of the Civil War? (c)

It gave the South an economic advantage. It gave the South a military advantage. It gave the North a military advantage. It forced the North to rely on Southern textiles.

How did General Grant's total war strategy affect the presidential election of 1864? (b)

It made Lincoln a popular candidate for the Democratic Party, which approved of Grant's strategy. It allowed Sherman to capture Atlanta, which increased Lincoln's popularity in the election. It horrified many voters in the North, who decided to support Andrew Johnson instead of Lincoln. It lost Lincoln support among abolitionists, who wanted him to focus on freeing enslaved workers instead.

How did the Compromise of 1877 mark the beginning of the end of Reconstruction? (a)

It removed federal troops from the South. It placed a Democrat in the White House. It ensured that Democrats would join the cabinet. It created a split within the Republican Party.

Why was Fort Sumter's location important? (d)

It was near the capital of the Union. It blocked shipping lanes in the North. It served as the base of the Confederacy. It protected commercial areas in the South.

The founding principles of the Confederacy were described in an 1861 speech by (a)

Jefferson Davis. Stephen Douglas. John C. Breckinridge. Abraham Lincoln.

Who was the chief justice of the Supreme Court during the Scott v. Sandford case? (b)

John Brown Roger B. Taney James Buchanan Millard Fillmore

***The first Republican presidential candidate was (a)

John C. Fremont, who was defeated in 1856. Abraham Lincoln, who became president in 1860. Abraham Lincoln, who was defeated in 1860. John C. Fremont, who became president in 1856.

Who ran for president as a Republican in 1860? (b)

Stephen Douglas Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis John C. Breckinridge

***Which statement best compares the Union and Confederate armies at the beginning of the Civil War? (b)

The Confederate army was much larger than the Union army. The Confederate army had stronger leadership than the Union army. The Union army was more experienced than the Confederate army. The Union army was much larger than the Confederate army.

Why was the Union successful in the West during the Civil War? (a)

The Union had effective leadership in the West. The Union took a defensive stance in the West. The Union had more troops than the Confederacy in the West. The Union was fighting in very familiar territory in the West.

What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 accomplish? (a)

The act divided the South into five military districts. The act set a punishment for certain social behaviors. The act granted citizenship to anyone born in the US. The act limited the employment of African Americans.

Why was the Battle of Gettysburg a turning point in the Civil War? (c)

The battle resulted in the final victory for the Union. The battle convinced Europe to become a Union ally. The battle weakened Lee and stopped his invasion. The battle was the first major loss by the Confederacy.

Which statement best describes the Wade-Davis Bill? (b)

The bill was passed in Congress and quickly approved by President Lincoln. The bill required a greater show of loyalty for readmittance than Lincoln's plan. The bill required states to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment to be readmitted. The bill was proposed by supporters of Johnson's plan for Reconstruction.

How did the Dred Scott decision influence the presidential elections of 1860? (d)

The decision gave rise to the Know-Nothing Party, which won the election. The decision gave rise to the Free Soil Party, which won the election. The decision strengthened the Democratic Party, which won the election. The decision strengthened the Republican Party, which won the election.

Why did the Union struggle to take Vicksburg from the Confederacy? (a)

The fort was located on top of a hill and surrounded by swamps. The fort was far from water, which made it difficult to reach. The fort was only approachable from one direction by land. The fort could only be attacked from the Mississippi River.

What deal did Democrats and Republicans make regarding the presidential election of 1876? (d)

The president would be a Democrat, and the vice president would be a Republican. The president would be a Republican, and the vice president would be a Democrat. The president would be a Democrat, and the cabinet would contain Republicans. The president would be a Republican, and the cabinet would contain Democrats.

Under President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction, how could states be readmitted to the Union? (c)

Twenty percent of a state's white males had to swear loyalty. States had to disenfranchise all former Confederate soldiers. State conventions had to establish new governments. States had to ratify all three Reconstruction amendments.

Which of the following best describes the earliest battles of the Civil War? (d)

Union troops were outnumbered, and they usually lost. Union troops were outnumbered, but they usually won. Confederate troops were outnumbered, and they usually lost. Confederate troops were outnumbered, but they usually won.

Which of the following groups opposed the Civil War? (c)

Union women Republicans Copperheads enslaved people

Who assassinated President Lincoln after the South's defeat in the Civil War? (b)

William J. Black John Wilkes Booth George McClellan Jefferson Davis

Who was Blanche Bruce? (d)

a leader and founding member of the Ku Klux Klan a presidential candidate from the Republican Party the first African American politician to serve in Congress the founder of the first school for African American children

When Grant broke the Confederate lines on April 2, 1865, Lee (a)

alerted President Davis to evacuate Richmond. gathered his remaining troops for one last stand. surrendered to Grant immediately. fled with his army to Savannah.

The Emancipation Proclamation affected the Union's Civil War efforts by (b)

allowing the Union to turn its attention away from slavery. increasing the number of troops who could join the Union. forcing Southern slaveholders to free enslaved people. forcing Northern African Americans to join the Union army.

During the Civil War, the South's use of enslaved labor gave it (c)

an almost unlimited supply of soldiers. more workers for its factories. a way to keep plantations running. a way to disrupt Northern industry.

In the Scott v. Sandford case, Sandford argued that (b)

an enslaved person in a free state should be granted freedom. a person's property can't be taken away without due process. enslaved workers should not be considered property. enslaved workers should have the right to a trial by jury.

As a result of Union and Confederate casualties during the Battle of Gettysburg, (b)

both armies could no longer wage war effectively. Lee's army was weakened for the rest of the war. the Confederate army decided to surrender. the Union army decided to surrender.

How did President Lincoln attempt to resolve the issue of resupplying Fort Sumter? (a)

by sending unarmed supply ships to the fort by ordering Union soldiers to abandon the fort by refusing to send supply ships to the fort by sending Union troops to defend the fort

Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in 1867 to (b)

change the approval process for appointees. restrict President Johnson's powers. extend greater rights to African Americans. limit the power of Southern politicians

The outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run (d)

discouraged the Confederacy and gave the Union confidence. showed that the Civil War would probably be a short conflict. proved that the Union's military forces had superior firepower. discouraged the Union and gave the Confederacy confidence.

Southern states resisted the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment by (d)

drafting and passing the Voting Rights Act. denying all female citizens the right to vote. appointing new officials to monitor elections. establishing poll taxes and literacy tests.

*** At the start of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union Army (b)

drove the Confederates out of Pennsylvania. was forced into a defensive position. broke through the Confederate army's line. fought the Confederate Army to a stand-off.

Generals George McClellan and Robert E. Lee both (c)

had a strong willingness to lead troops into battle. had offers from both sides for leadership posts. had past military education and experience. had positions as presidential advisers.

During the presidential election of 1860, which political party was divided on the issue of slavery?(d)

he Whig Party the Constitutional Union Party the Republican Party the Democratic Party

***Rutherford B. Hayes became the US president because (b)

he won a majority of the popular vote. Congress forged the Compromise of 1877. votes from four states were recounted. he was a popular Union general.

The Union's capture of New Orleans severely hurt the Confederacy by (a)

hindering shipping and transportation. ending hopes of a European alliance. weakening General Lee's troops. destroying the Confederate Army.

***In the 1850s, who was the other party in Dred Scott's court case? (b)

his owner Sandford his owner's widow his enslaved worker the state of Missouri

Abraham Lincoln ended a successful career as a lawyer (a)

in 1854, when the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed and became law. in 1856, when the Republican Party dissolved over the slavery debate. because his opposition to the Mexican War made him unpopular. because he wanted to protest the formation of the Republican Party.

Although Abraham Lincoln believed slavery was wrong, he also believed (d)

its legality should be determined by popular vote. it should become legal throughout the United States. enslaved people did not have the natural rights that whites had. black people and white people could not live as true equals.

The Civil War inspired a number of enslaved people to (b)

join the Confederate military. escape to Northern states. take jobs as factory workers. work as spies for the Union.

After re-entering politics in the 1850s, Abraham Lincoln (a)

joined the Republican Party. joined the Democratic Party. ran for Congress as a Know-Nothing. ran for Congress as a Democrat.

[T]he legislation and histories of the times, and the language used in the Declaration of Independence, show, that neither the class of persons who had been imported as slaves, nor their descendants, whether they had become free or not, were then acknowledged as a part of the people. — Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 This quotation from the Supreme Court ruling in the Scott v. Sandford case relates to the (a)

lack of citizenship for free or enslaved African Americans. practice of importing enslaved workers from Africa. practice of relocating from a slave state to a free state. right of an owner to retain his or her property.

Which list accurately describes the course of Abraham Lincoln's political career? (c)

member of House of Representatives, member of US Senate, US president Illinois governor, member of House of Representatives, US president Illinois state legislator, member of House of Representatives, US president Illinois state legislator, member of US Senate, US president

Low-paid workers responded to the Union draft of 1863 by (d)

moving to the border states. joining the Confederate army. fleeing north to Canada. staging a riot in New York City.

In 1854, Northern Democrats, Free-Soilers, and Conscience Whigs (b)

nominated Abraham Lincoln for president. united to form the Republican Party. passed the Missouri Compromise. sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

As a slaveholder and a Democrat, President Andrew Johnson was (c)

part of the negotiations that ended the Civil War. unable to lead the country through Reconstruction. often at odds with Republicans in Congress. assassinated at the end of the Civil War.

Which of the following did the Republican Party support when it formed in the 1850s? (b)

popular sovereignty free labor lower taxes reduced regulation

The capture of Vicksburg in 1863 contributed to the course of the Civil War by (d)

preventing the Union from gaining access to the West. allowing the Confederacy to remain strong and unified. maintaining Confederate control of the Mississippi River. raising Union morale and damaging Confederate morale.

In 1863, African American involvement in the Civil War changed due to a new law that (b)

required freed African Americans to join the military. permitted African Americans to enlist in the military. required enslaved African Americans to join the military. forbid African American from enlisting in the military.

In January of 1861, several Southern states responded to the recent presidential election by (d)

sending delegates to protest the inaugural address. petitioning to remove the new president from office. firing on a federal military fort in South Carolina. uniting under a new Confederate government.

A house divided against itself cannot stand. -Abraham Lincoln This quotation reflects Lincoln's belief that (c)

state legislators, not popular vote, should settle the slavery issue. slavery should be abolished throughout the United States. the United States would have to become either all slave or all free. popular vote, not state legislators, should settle the slavery issue.

Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to provide more rights for formerly enslaved people, so they (b)

supported all of Johnson's Reconstruction policies. overturned several of President Johnson's vetoes. passed the Black Codes, which protected African Americans. called for a new Republican candidate for president in 1866.

In the 1850 Dred Scott case, a Missouri jury ruled (b)

that only Scott, not his wife, should be free. that the Scotts should be granted their freedom. that the Scotts should remained enslaved. that only Scott's wife, not Scott, should be free.

In which of the following elections did Abraham Lincoln run as a Republican? (c)

the 1847 Congressional election and the 1858 Senate election the 1835 Illinois state election and the 1847 congressional election the 1858 Senate election and the 1860 presidential election the 1835 Illinois state election and the 1860 presidential election

***Which of the following marked the beginning of the Civil War? (a)

the 1861 Battle of Fort Sumter the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln the 1861 election of Jefferson Davis the 1860 secession of South Carolina

The South won every major Civil War battle until (a)

the Battle of Antietam. the Battle of Chancellorsville. the Second Battle of Bull Run. the First Battle of Bull Run.

Which was founded by former Confederate Army officers in Tennessee in 1866? (b)

the Carpetbaggers the Ku Klux Klan the Scalawags the Tennessee legislature

The Supreme Court's ruling in the Scott v. Sandford case declared which of the following was unconstitutional? (d)

the Compromise of 1850 the Kansas-Nebraska Act the Fifth Amendment the Missouri Compromise

***What political group gained power after the 1876 presidential election? (a)

the Democrats the Whigs the Liberal Republicans the Republicans

Fading support for Reconstruction was preceded by (c)

the Liberal Republicans joining the Republican Party. a Democratic candidate assuming the presidency in 1868. members of Grant's administration being accused of bribery. violence breaking out against African Americans in Memphis.

During the Civil War, key waterways in the South included (a)

the Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee rivers. the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. the Ohio, Tennessee, and Columbia rivers. the Great Lakes and the Columbia River.

Due to the location of most of the Civil War battles, (c)

the North lost most of its manufacturing facilities. major forts along western rivers were destroyed. the South lost many plantations and other property. major roads that connected the nation were damaged.

Which event led to the capture of Richmond, the Confederate capital? (d)

the Shenandoah Valley Campaign the "March to the Sea" the capture of Atlanta the Siege of Petersburg

Who was Ulysses S. Grant? (a)

the Union general who was credited with winning the Civil War and who was elected president in 1868 the Confederate general who surrendered at the end of the Civil War and who was elected president in 1868 a member of the US Senate and the first African American politician to serve in Congress a Democratic governor of New York and an unsuccessful presidential candidate in 1876

President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after (a)

the Union's effectiveness at the Battle of Antietam. the death of General Jackson at Chancellorsville. the nation had voted to decide the issue of slavery. the capture of Washington, DC, by Confederate forces

The 1862 battle at Antietam put an end to (b)

the military career of Stonewall Jackson. the Confederate threat to the Union capital. the Civil War's early string of Union victories. the Union threat to the Confederate capital.

What nationwide event weakened support for the federal government in the mid-1870s? (d)

the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 an attack on African Americans in Memphis the passage of the Reconstruction Act an economic panic and depression

After the Civil War, slavery came to an end in the South, and (b)

the population sharply decreased. a new labor system was needed. prejudice and racism decreased. the agricultural economy improved.

What led to resentment and violence among many white Southerners after the Civil War? (d)

the rewriting of state constitutions the attempts to end the Ku Klux Klan the policies of the Democratic Party the policies of the Republican Party

Before he could issue the Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln waited for (d)

the selection of a Confederate president. the results of a national vote on slavery. a successful Confederate military action. a successful Union military action.

Which law established martial law in the South after the Civil War? (d)

the vagrancy laws the Tenure of Office Act the Civil Rights Act of 1866 the Reconstruction Act of 1867

How did individual states secede from the Union in 1861? (a)

through votes in their state legislatures and conventions by collecting the signatures of Southern voters on petitions through a vote during the Democratic Party convention by collecting the signatures of Southern slaveholders

During General Sherman's "March to the Sea," Union soldiers (c)

traveled from Savannah to Atlanta. fought on battlefields along the way. destroyed buildings, railroads, and crops. attacked mostly military resources.

In 1859, in the wake of the Dred Scott decision, John Brown (b)

tried to stop a violent uprising of enslaved workers. tried to create a violent uprising of enslaved workers. sponsored the relocation of proslavery settlers in Kansas. sponsored the relocation of antislavery settlers in Kansas.

At the time, the number of soldiers killed during the Civil War (d)

was less than the number killed in the Revolutionary War. was the same as the number killed during the War of 1812. was the same as the number killed in the Spanish-American War. was more than the number killed in all previous US wars combined.

The first African Americans who fought for the Union during the Civil War (d)

were told they would be freed after the war. were usually led by African American officers. had been recruited in border states. were paid less than white soldiers.

Compared to work done by women in the North during the Civil War, women in the South often (c)

worked in factories. made weapons ran plantations. made uniforms.

Which of the following most clearly contrasts Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery with that of Stephen Douglas? (d)

Lincoln believed each state should decide the matter for itself, while Douglas believed slavery should spread no further. Lincoln believed slavery should be permitted throughout the country, while Douglas believed slavery should spread no further. Lincoln believed slavery should be abolished, while Douglas believed slavery should be permitted throughout the country. Lincoln believed slavery should spread no further, while Douglas believed each state should decide the matter for itself.

How did the attitudes of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis compare as the Union and the Confederacy prepared for war? (d)

Lincoln was eager to prove the Union had control, while Davis was reluctant to engage in battle. Davis wanted to avoid war at all costs, while Lincoln was unwilling to agree on terms. Lincoln knew that fighting would be inevitable, while Davis thought it could be avoided. Lincoln did not want war but would fight to keep the Union, while Davis was ready for war and ordered the first attack.

The loss of farms, crops, and enslaved labor as a result of the Civil War meant that the (b)

Northern economy almost completely shut down. Southern economy almost completely shut down. entire nation's economy had to be rebuilt. entire nation had to suffer without food.

How did the public generally react to the Supreme Court's ruling on Scott v. Sandford? (d)

People in both the North and the South agreed with the Court's decision. People in neither the North nor the South agreed with the Court's decision. People in the North welcomed the decision, while people in the South feared it. People in the South welcomed the decision, while people in the North feared it