Unit 5 climate change BIO-105
The United States meets more than_____ percent of its energy needs using fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas.
80%
Thylakoid
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
kudzu
A species intentionally introduced to prevent soil erosion and provide shade. This species outcompeted local plant species.
Why does the greenhouse effect impact temperatures in the lower atmosphere and on Earth's surface the most?
Because water vapor and carbon dioxide are usually found in the lower atmosphere and close to the surface
what properties provides an accurate reason as to why carbon is important to living organisms?
Carbon has the ability to form long chains and complex ring structures that play an important role in forming large molecules.
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Produced as a refrigerant and to make spray propellants.
Chlorofluorocarbons
Emerges due to global warming
Climate change
what is an indicator of climate change?
Decrease in snow cover and glaciers
Which of the following activities have affected the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the 1950s?
Deforestation and Burning fossil fuels
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the carbon cycle?
During the carbon cycle, carbon is released into the atmosphere by living organisms through cellular respiration and removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.
factors that contribute to an individual's carbon footprint.
Food choices Sources of electricity Fuel for vehicles Choices in waste disposal
Directly attributed to human activities
Global warming and climate change
Worldwide phenomenon
Global warming and climate change
the primary characteristic that distinguishes global warming from climate change?
Global warming is concerned primarily with the surface temperatures of the earth.
gypsy moth
Having a natural range of Europe and Asia, this species was intentionally introduced in the United States on a misguided attempt to produce silk from hardy worms. This species feeds voraciously on the foliage of many North American plants.
Which statement best summarizes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle.
__________ are divisions of the year marked by variations in the amount of sunlight striking the Earth's surface.
Seasons
what carbon reservoir member of the biosphere exchange carbon with regularly ?
The atmosphere
what is the evidence that the climate of the planet is changing?
There is evidence that the climate of our planet is changing in the form of increases in extreme weather events, rising temperatures over land, and decreased snow and ice coverage.
The impact of releasing stored ______ from the burning of fossil fuels is an increase in ______.
carbon; atmospheric carbon
mesophyll cells
cells that contain many chloroplasts and host the majority of photosynthesis
The _____ required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's_____
energy environment
Climate change is occurring at such a rapid pace that it has disrupted the typical pattern of
evolution.
Formation of _____ and exchange of carbon with the oceans are much _____ processes than photosynthesis in removing carbon from the environment.
fossil fuels slower
The energy released by energized electrons is used to produce ATP and NADPH.
light reactions
A fossil fuel is an energy source made from
remains of organisms from long ago
When reviewing the following terms, which term is able to encompass all the others?
Climate change
what describes how climate change is impacting the community level of biology?
Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities.
The planet's____ can be described as the sum of all of the regions where living organisms can be found.
biosphere
Drought, heat waves, spread of diseases, habitat loss, and extinction are all impacts of __________ __________ at the individual and species level of biological organization.
climate change
Which chemical reaction written in words is a summary of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → carbohydrate + oxygen
Biomes are distinguished from one another by the two most important climatic variables
temperature and precipitation
Scientists link the ability of invasive species to survive new environments to their ability to tolerate change, particularly with respect to
temperature and precipitation ranges.
The purpose of the light reactions is to
capture solar energy and transfer it to high-energy molecules.
Temperatures on earth's surface and the lower atmosphere are affected most by the greenhouse effect because
carbon dioxide is usually found close to the surface. water vapor is usually found close to the surface.
The __________ is defined as all the living organisms on Earth along with the physical environment in which they live.
biosphere
Living things release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the process of______ during the breakdown of organic materials.
cellular respiration
what molecules that are used for energy and then recycled during photosynthesis.
ATP NADPH
What is happening to the surface temperatures of the planet's oceans?
It is increasing.
what evidence shows that climate change has altered weather patterns?
Rates of regional heat waves are increasing Average temperatures have risen 1.2-1.8 degrees in the last 50 years Average precipitation has increased by 4% regionally Extreme precipitation events and droughts have increased
What is a form of geoengineering aimed at reflecting solar energy before it reaches the Earth to prevent it from becoming trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
SRM
What best describes the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?
The formation of fossil fuels stores carbon underground (adding to reservoirs) and burning them releases that carbon back into the atmosphere (a source of carbon).
what best describes the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?
The formation of fossil fuels stores carbon underground (adding to reservoirs) and burning them releases that carbon back into the atmosphere (a source of carbon).
In general, the movement of carbon from the reservoirs back to the atmosphere occurs_______
slowly
Plants uses photosynthetic pigments to capture the energy of ______ of the wavelengths of the visible spectrum of light. The remaining wavelengths are ______ the plant.
some reflected away from
The element_____ naturally cycles between the nonliving, or_____ reservoirs and living, or_____ organisms.
carbon abiotic biotic
_______ Both plants and animals Kinetic nutrients Photosynthesis Chemical nutrients enter the ecosystem primarily through______ heterotrophic autotrophic photosynthesis cellular respiration organisms, such as plants, protists, and bacteria.
chemical nutrients autotrophic
The average weather patterns in a given area over time is called?
climate
What are we referring to if we describe the patterns of rainfall and temperature in a given area over time?
climate
What does ATP do in a cell?
It is the energy carrier of a cell.
Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally due to the breakdown of organic materials and as a result of human activity.
methane
Produced naturally during the decomposition of organic materials
methane
Retains and releases 30 times more heat than other gases found in the atmosphere
methane
ozone
natural processes and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere
what are the gases with a complex structure that can contribute to the greenhouse effect.
nitrous oxide chlorofluorocarbons carbon dioxide
two characteristics used to define climate.
average rainfall average temperature
The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as a series of reactions during which a plant (or other photosynthetic organism)
captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen.
During photosynthesis, solar energy, water, andm_____ ________ react in two stages to produce sugars and______
carbon dioxide oxygen
the______ is a fundamental process on planet Earth that involves different processes releasing carbon into the atmosphere, called ____________ , and different processes that add carbon to long-term storage locations, called ____________ .
carbon cycle sources sinks
Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per million
carbon dioxide
Increased in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
carbon dioxide
Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally and as a byproduct of burning fossils fuels, in particular coal.
carbon dioxide
Produced naturally during fires and volcanic activity
carbon dioxide
The source of all carbon in living organisms is____ which cycles from the atmosphere and water into____ and eventually into other living things.
carbon dioxide plants
The disruption of symbiotic relationships in ______ is causing a phenomenon called bleaching that is decimating these ecosystems.
coral reefs
______ refers to a level of biological organization that represents the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors.
ecosystem
The ______ describes the solar energy emitted by the sun. The arrangement of electromagnetic waves in the spectrum are due to the fact that _____ also known as sunlight, can simultaneously behave as a ______ as a
electromagnetic spectrum solar energy particle
Photosynthesis Only
occurs inside the chloroplast a pathway for building sugar reactions are carbon dioxide and water products are glucose and oxygen dependent on light
The major_____ that take up carbon are the oceans, fossil fuels, and the atmosphere.
reservoirs
A temporary storage location for heat energy, such as the planet's oceans, is referred to as a heat____
sink
what factors are decreasing to indicate climate change?
snow coverage sea ice glaciers
A species is a?
group of populations that are similar looking that can interbreed
There is a direct relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and
global temperatures.
In the stroma, electrons move through Photosystem II to Photosystem I embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
light reactions
The four organic molecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates,______nucleic acids, and proteins.
lipids
The greenhouse effect has which of these effects on the Earth and its inhabitants?
It warms the planet, making it habitable-suitable for living- for living organisms.
water vapor
natural processes associated with the hydrological cycle
lionfish
Introduced to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean when no longer wanted as an aquarium pet, these predators are outcompeting top predators and pose an issue for coral reef ecosystems.
What is the role of light during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Light energy is absorbed and used to excite electrons in the pigment molecules.
Light energy is captured and transferred to electrons within the chlorophyll
Light reactions
The changes in weather at different times of the year that we call seasons, like sunny, warm summers and cold, snowy winters, can be attributed to the fact that our planet is tilted on its
axis
The wavelengths of light that are most important for the process of photosynthesis are
between 380 and 740 nanometers, in the visible spectrum.
_______ cycle: While _______ release most of the carbon of once living organisms back into the atmosphere immediately______ storage of _____ such as fossil fuels, forms from the______ of remains of once living organisms.
biogeochemical decomposers long- term organic carbon burying
During the light reactions, a photosynthetic organism is able to use
pigments to absorb solar energy.
what are the two most important forms of insect vectors.
ticks and mosquitos
There is also a significant amount of carbon present at any one time in______
living organisms
Outputs for photosynthesis
matches Also called products Oxygen Carbohydrates (sugar)
Increased in the atmosphere due to livestock, rice production, and landfills
methane
an unstable gas that remains in the atmosphere for about a decade
methane
Which of these organelles is most closely associated with the process of cellular respiration?
mitochondria
The two most important insect vectors are ticks and_____ which can transmit diseases like malaria and Zika virus.
mosquitos
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and through interactions of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere.
ozone
Which minor greenhouse gas is formed by the interaction between solar energy and pollution in the atmosphere?
ozone
Sunlight can be described as having two different natures, observable in its behavior. Sunlight strikes the Earth as a_____ called a photon and then travels with a wave nature, in a pathway called a wavelength
particle
The light from the sun has both a______and a particle nature.
wave
Carbon's chemical structure allows it to form four chemical______ with other atoms.
bonds
_________ Animals Both plants and animals Environment Heterotrophic use the carbohydrates as fuel for energy during the process of ________ cellular respiration kinetic nutrients chemical nutrients CO and give off CO2 into the atmosphere.
both plants and animals cellular respiration
This is a factor that is increasing
1. sea level 2. temperature over land 3. extreme weather events 4. ocean heat content
The two characteristics used to define climate are ____ and precipitation
temperature
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
compounds used in refrigerators and to make spray propellants
The typical pattern of evolution, including the pace of extinction events, is
disrupted by the current rate of climate change.
Our planet is warm enough for living organisms to inhabit because the_____ _____ warms the planet as gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy.
green house
The smallest unit of light that oscillates on a path called a wavelength is referred to as a(n)
photon
Plants, protists, and some bacteria remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and synthetize organic compounds through the process of____
photosynthesis
The carbon dioxide cycles back through the ecosystem through______
photosynthesis
During the carbon cycle, some natural processes add and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of______ and all living organisms release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during cellular_____
photosynthesis cellular respiration
When fossil fuels are burned, they will __________.
produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will increase the effects of climate change.
During photosynthesis, NADPH and____ are used for their energy and then recycled
ATP
Rank the following levels of biological organization, beginning with the most inclusive (largest) at the top
1. biosphere 2. ecosystem 3. community 4. species 5. population
Rank the following levels of biological organization, beginning with the least inclusive (smallest) at the top.
1. organism 2. population 3. species 4. community 5. ecosystem 6. biosphere
name fossil fuels.
coal oil methane
The light reactions of photosynthesis take place_____
in the thylakoid membrane
what are examples of fossil fuels?
oil, coal, and natural gas
the ways that carbon dioxide is produced.
volcanos burning coal deforestation fires
the order of the process of the greenhouse effect?
1. energy from th sun strikers the earth 2. solar energy is absorbed by oceans and dark portions of the planet and reflected by snow and ice 3. solar energy is gradually released back into the atmosphere as heat energy 4. the released energy (heat) is trapped by gases like water and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis used by the Calvin cycle are ____________ and NADPH.
ATP
what choices explains how anthropogenic climate change differs from naturally occurring changes to the climate?
Anthropogenic climate change occurs at such a rapid pace it is leaving organisms less time to adapt to their changing environment.
description of the impact of climate change on the community level of biology.
Biological communities are linked to one another, so even minor changes within a community can have major effects.
describe the principles of the global carbon cycle.
Carbon is released from sources like living organisms as they break down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. Plants and other autotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when they produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Carbon sinks exist in reservoirs, like oceans, fossil fuel stores, and the atmosphere.
What best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle?
Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.
Which best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle?
Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.
Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect?
Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle; it is also released from agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels.
Nitrous oxides
what scenarios describe the impact of climate change on global ecosystems?
Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching
Inputs for photosynthesis
Solar energy Water Also called reactants Carbon dioxide
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The inputs for photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, while the outputs of photosynthesis (carbohydrates and oxygen) are the inputs for cellular respiration.
How might you describe the influence of climate change on some species of mosquitoes and ticks?
Their range has expanded to include places that were previously too cold to inhabit, increasing their potential to spread disease.
Both Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
a metabolic process used by plant cells
What is an organic molecule?
a molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen
Carbon dioxide, one of the most important greenhouse gases, makes up____ of Earth's atmosphere.
a small concentration
An invasive species can be defined as
a species that is more tolerant to change than most native species. a species that negatively impacts biodiversity. a species introduced out of its range.
Shellfish are less able to calcify their shells when oceans become
acidified.
Earth's biosphere is best described as
an immense area where living organisms are found that includes land and water and extends into the atmosphere.
Where does the first part of photosynthesis, the light reactions, take place?
in the thylakoid of a chloroplast
The wavelengths of light that are most important to the process of photosynthesis are
in the visible spectrum.
Surface temperatures of the ocean are
increasing.
Cellular Respiration Only
occurs inside the mitochondria a pathway for breaking down sugar reactants are glucose and oxygen products are carbon dioxide and water used by plants and animal cells independent of light
A molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen can be classified as a(n)_____ molecule and includes examples like
organic
____________ is a waste product and is released back into the atmosphere.
oxygen
what the outputs (products) of photosynthesis.
oxygen glucose
Climate change has the potential to increase human exposure to certain diseases, such as those carried by ticks and mosquitoes. Such diseases are known as ______ diseases. This is because warming temperatures allow for an expanded range for these insects.
vector-borne
Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle.
water
The inputs of the light reactions of photosynthesis are ____________ (inorganic molecule), ADP, and ____________ (electron carrier).
water NADP+
what are classified as gases that can contribute to the greenhouse effect?
water ozone methane
Which minor greenhouse gas is produced as a natural part of a biogeochemical cycle on earth?
water vapor
Temperatures on earth's surface and the lower atmosphere are affected most by the greenhouse effect because
water vapor is usually found close to the surface. carbon dioxide is usually found close to the surface.
minor greenhouse gas to its source.
water vapor= natural processes associated with the hydrological cycle ozone= natural processes and the interaction of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere nitrous oxides= agricultural practices like fertilizer use and burning fossil fuels
The flow, or the travel, of the photon along its path is called its _____ and is measured as wavelengths.
wave
The most important ______ to photosynthesis coincide with the ______spectrum of light.
wavelengths visible
A particle of light is referred to as a(n)
photons
Which of these molecules serves as an energy carrier for a cell?
ATP
identify the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the carbon cycle.
Cellular respiration is one of the natural processes that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis is one of the natural processes that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle.
this is a factor that is decreasing
1. sea ice 2. glaciers 3. snow coverage
CO2 is captured and converted to glucose.
calvin cycle
what is the ecological phenomena warms the planet, making the planet liveable, as gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy?
the greenhouse effect
chloroplast anatomy
thylakoids are stack into structures called grana, and the spaces between the grana is called stroma
The two most important insect vectors are , ________ which carry Lyme disease, and mosquitoes.
ticks
______ from the light reactions are rapidly supplied to fuel to Calvin cycle in the stroma. Once the energy is used, the molecules are returned to the ____________ to be re-energized.
ATP and NADPH Light-dependent reaction
accurately describe Earth's biosphere?
All aspects of Earth's biosphere are dependent on Earth's climate.
what characteristics would likely determine if a species is able to successfully adapt to a changing climate?
An organism that has a broad tolerance for temperature
A stable gas that remains in the atmosphere for long periods of time, but can be removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, or dissolved in the ocean
Carbon dioxide
In relation to the carbon cycle, why is photosynthesis an important metabolic process to organisms on the planet?
Carbon dioxide is converted to sugar. The sugar products of photosynthesis are used as energy by the plants, and by organisms that either eat plants or eat organisms that eat plants.
What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide is reduced to a sugar during photosynthesis.
Which best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle
Carbon sinks exist in reservoirs, like oceans, fossil fuel stores, and the atmosphere. Plants and other autotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere when they produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Carbon is released from sources like living organisms as they break down carbohydrates through cellular respiration.
__________ refers to the long-term regional or even global average of temperature and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades.
Climate
Includes changes in the average temperature and precipitation
Climate change
Long-term changes in climate patterns
Climate change
how would you include in a summary of the evidence that the climate of the planet is changing?
Glaciers, sea ice, and snow coverage are decreasing. Extreme weather events like droughts, heat waves, and coastal flooding are increasing. Temperatures near the planet's surface are increasing.
A gradual increase in the overall surface temperatures of Earth
Global warming
The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________.
Global warming
Based on projections made by scientists studying climate change, if human activities continue to impact climate at the same rates as today, what will most likely be the future of the level of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet?
Human activities will have serious impacts on climate and on the levels of biological organization in ecosystems across the planet.
Zebra Mussels
Infested the Great Lakes of North America via boat, this species caused disruptions in aquatic ecosystem and has led to the extinction of native species due to their ability to out compete them for food.
what is correct about the elemental carbon?
It forms long chains called hydrocarbons. It is involved in the formation of organic molecules. It is absorbed from the atmosphere via the process of photosynthesis in plants.
information you would use to summarize the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is a natural process performed by autotrophs, including plants. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
how do you identify the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis is one of the natural processes that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle. Cellular respiration is one of the natural processes that adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle.
what are descriptions of how climate change influences individuals and species.
The natural pace of evolution, namely extinction, is disturbed. The range of some individuals and species has expanded to include places that were once too cold to inhabit. There are more heatwaves and droughts that threaten the lives of individuals and species.
What is the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and global temperatures?
There is a direct relationship: as one rises, so does the other.
the values you require to describe the concept of a carbon footprint.
Tonnes of carbon emissions directly released into the atmosphere. Tonnes of carbon emissions indirectly released into the atmosphere.
rats
Typically introduced to a new area via boat, these introduced species not only have brought diseases but also decimated native bird populations.
Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.
A cold winter is an example of __________.
Weather
__________ refers to the daily temperature and chance for precipitation that may occur locally over short periods of time—from minutes to hours or days.
Weather
The distribution of the world's _____ follows a pattern based on average temperature and precipitation.
biome
describe the general characteristics of similar ecosystems across the globe.
biomes
A major effect on planet Earth due to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is?
an increase in global atmospheric and surface temperatures
One consequence of climate change is change in temperature and precipitation patterns, which results in
an increase in the severity and frequency of droughts and heat waves.
What is the chemical reaction written in words is a summary of photosynthesis?
arbon dioxide + water + sunlight → carbohydrate + oxygen
Which of these are the main factors that determine climate in an area?
average precipitation over time average temperature over time
Biome distribution follows a pattern based on
average temperature and precipitation in a region.
______ carbon cycle: Carbon enters food webs as an organic molecule through a process called_____ , ____ are able to capture____ from their environment and uses it to make _____ such as glucose ________
biological photosynthesis plants and protists inorganic carbon organic molecules
______ are able to release the energy stored in organic molecules in a process called______ In this process, the excess carbons of the____ are released as either inorganic molecules _____ into the atmosphere, or_______ in the oceans.
plants and animals cellular respiration organic molecules carbon dioxide
gobal warming
primarily concerned with surface temperatures of the planet evidence includes 1.80f degrees increase in the earth's surface temperatures refers to general increase in temperatures
The levels of carbon dioxide
prior to the 1950s had stayed below 300 ppm
The four organic molecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins
pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis.
chlorophyll a carotenoids chlorophyll b
The pathway recycles its starting materials.
calvin cycle
the order of the process of the greenhouse effect. Instructions
1. solar energy strikes the earth 2. solar energy is absorbed or reflected, depending on where it is 3. solar energy is released as heat 4. some energy is trapped by gases in the atmosphere and some escapes the planet
How much has Earth's mean surface temperature increased since the 1980s due to the increased global concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
1.8°F
nitrous oxides
agricultural practices like fertilizer
This process uses ATP and NADPH to produce sugars.
calvin cycle
what factors are increasing to indicate climate change?
coastal flooding sea level humidity
Due to its chemical structure, a carbon atom may form up to ______ chemical bonds.
four
A temporary storage location for heat energy is called a
heat sink
Scientists have been recording increased levels of carbon dioxide. The increased levels are due to
humans burning fossils fuels. Carbon that was formerly sequestered in reservoirs is now being released into the atmosphere at an alarming rate.
what examples of invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function.
lionfish compete with snapper and grouper throughout the Caribbean kudzu is outcompeting native plant species
Climate change has the potential to increase human exposure to certain diseases, such as those carried by mosquitoes. This is because warming temperatures allow for an expanded range for these insects, which serve as vectors for diseases like________ Zika virus, chikungunya, and
malaria or west Nile disease
Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per billion
methane
What can be used to describe the nature of sunlight?
particle wave
The elementary particle, called a _____ is the smallest unit of light.
photon
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two natural processes that are part of the carbon cycle. These two processes are related in part because the inputs for __, carbon dioxide and water, are the outputs of __.
photosynthesis; cellular respiration
These biological exchanges of carbon between its inorganic and organic form occurs _____
quickly
examples of invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function.
rats carry disease and kill native birds zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction gypsy moths outcompete native species
climate change
refers to a change in average temperatures and precipitation associated with droughts and extreme perception associated with extreme weather events like heat waves and coastal flooding
geothermal energy.
reservoirs of heated water heat generated by the earth locations with significant tectonic or volcanic activity
The planet Earth is tilted on its axis and orbits around the sun so that different parts of the planet are tilted toward the sun at different times of the year. This determines a phenomenon we call
seasons
A biological vector is
something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another.
the gases with a complex structure that can contribute to the greenhouse effect.
chlorofluorocarbons carbon dioxide nitrous oxide
There are three pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis: two forms of chlorophyll as well as
carotenoids.
what does NOT represent evidence for climate change affecting organisms at the individual/species level?
The depletion of the ozone layer, due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the higher atmosphere, has caused an increase of skin cancers seen in animals.
the ways carbon dioxide is produced
as a by-product of digestion through the use of fossil fuels in agricultural practices
The first step of the Calvin cycle, ____________ , is the incorporation of ____________ into ____________ .
carbon fixation carbon dioxide (co2) ribulose- 1, 5- Bisphosphate (RuBP)
A calculation of the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by a specific entity is called a(n)
carbon footprint.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two natural processes that are part of the carbon cycle. These two processes are related in part because the inputs for __, carbohydrates and oxygen, are the outputs of __.
cellular respiration photosynthesis
By using energy from the _______ photosynthesis sun cellular respiration energy , carbon, in the form of ________ energy CO2 photosynthesis CO , is transformed into sugars and eventually other carbohydrates by the metabolic process called ____ photosynthesis energy sun CO2 .
sun co2 photosynthesis
In biology, a __ is something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another, like an insect.
vector