unit 5 mcq
A - Excess nitrates in runoff causing algal blooms
A construction site has been said to be the cause of water pollution of an adjacent stream. Which of the following could most likely be attributed to construction site pollution?
Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability
A farm is experiencing high rains and overly saturated soils.
Indicator species
A research team monitoring a local freshwater ecosystem noticed that over the past few years the otter population had declined significantly, while the populations of other species remained fairly constant. After running tests, the research team determined that mercury levels in invertebrates and small fish in the ecosystem were very high. In this ecosystem, what role did the otters occupy?
C - using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter
A sustainable society would emphasize:
C- loss of recharge area
As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to
An increase in the lynx population size will lead to a decrease in the hare population size.
Based on predator-prey dynamics, which of the following identifies the hypothesis most likely to be supported by the study?
More jellyfish
Based on the diagram which would be an effect from the decline of the small fish population on the food web ?
Rapid population growth
Based on the diagram, this country is likely experiencing (big on the bottom, small on the top)
D Sandy clay loam
Based on the soil texture triangle 25% clay 25% silt 50% sand ?
More species that can travel 5 km than 15 km
Based on the theory of island biogeography ?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
C
Certain lizards display a survivorship curve where the chance of survival is independent of age. Which line on the graph best depicts the survivorship of these lizards?
The Ozone layer is in the stratosphere
Characteristic of the area between the stratopause and the tropopause ? What is in the stratosphere ?
Clay, silt, sand
Correct order of soil particles from smallest to largest ?
K-strategists with a Type I survivorship curve.
Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the Mesozoic era. Extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the Mesozoic era. Cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. Based on this description, the cycads are
KK-strategists with a Type I survivorship curve.
Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the Mesozoic era. Extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the Mesozoic era. Cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. Based on this description, the cycads are
maintain zones off grass at least 100m wide
Dairy farm with runoff; Which of the following would be most effective at preventing sediment runoff ?
D
Dandelions grow quickly and produce many seeds, ensuring that at least some plants will survive and produce seeds themselves. Which curve best represents the survivorship of dandelions?
A: exponential growth
Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the figure below. A, B, C, and D represent population growth curves, E represents the carrying capacity.
The sea surface temperature is going to be high and the rainfall is also going to be high
During El Nino what describes the conditions in the Eastern part of the Tropical Pacific Ocean ?
Stage 2
During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?
I, II, and III
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? i. Cultural traditions ii. Government policies and economic incentives iii. Education level and economic opportunities for females
0.4%
If a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?
1.6%
If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is
A
If an area was originally forested and then underwent urban development, which of the following shows the most likely effects on various parts of the water cycle in the area?
15 years
If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to
Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.
In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?
Death rate
In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?
Younger than eighteen years old
In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases in which a large percent of people in the population are in which age-group?
Hawaii on the left
Intra-plate location where hotspot volcanism occurs ?
K-strategists with a Type 1 survivorship curve
Long-lived, slow growth rate, not a lot of reproduction
reach sexual maturity quickly
Members of an r-selected species characteristically
indicator species
Otter population decline significantly ?
A
Population growing exponentially
D
Proportions of sand silt and clay for soil at point _ ?
Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.
Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?
Exosphere (Troposphere has the greatest pressure)
Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure
E: straight line
Represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term basis
The one with the most clay
Students sampled several gardens and measured percentages of sand silt clay and humus. Based on the data which would be most prone to becoming waterlogged ?
B - Integrated pest management
Switching from customary large-scale agricultural practices to which of the following is most likely to reduce the exposure of farmworkers and nearby residents to toxic chemicals?
few offspring with high levels of parental care
The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing
Oceanic currents warm the temperature in London
The city of _, London is found at the approximate latitude of _, Canada. London has a high temperature in December, and Canada has a lower temperature. Why is London warmer ?
35 years
The country of Sudan has an estimated annual growth rate of 2 percent. At this rate of growth, approximately how many years will it take for the population of Sudan to double?
El Nino
The high sea surface temperature in 98 was because of
Ring of Fire on the right
The location where one plate is under another creates a volcanic arc ?
Reduced ocean upwelling
The low anchovy catch in 1998 was because of
the United States
The most populous countries in the world are China, India, and
The tilt
The primary cause of Earth's seasons
The total fertility rate decreased as a result of a delay in age of first marriage and increased contraceptive use.
The total fertility rate in country A was 6.8 in 1980. Which of the following statements best supports the change in the total fertility rate in country A between 1980 and 2015?
Tundra
The underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year.
0.38%
Using the data from the table, which of the following is the growth rate for China in 2019 ?
South Pole
What experiences daylight 24 hours a day in December ?
Desert
What type of area is 30 degrees north and south of the equator ?
Troposphere
Where does weather occur ?
Warm moist air that is less than the surrounding air
Which causes the air to rise high in the atmosphere
A
Which curve in the graph best represents a K-selected species?
1 and 4
Which demographic stage = not a lot of growth ?
stage 2
Which demographic stage does the population grow a lot ?
Northern Hemisphere is away from the Sun, it's winter and daylight is less than 12 hours
Which explains the season and length of day at the Tropic of Cancer ?
Sand
Which has the greatest permeability ?
Amount of plant species
Which is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem ?
Topsoil
Which letter choices of the soil profile shows most organic material ?
Equal on all sides, kind of big in the middle
Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate? Equal on all sides, kind of big in the middle
Doubling in size over equal increments of time
Which of the following best characterizes a population that is growing exponentially with time?
Occurrences of droughts and flooding
Which of the following best describes a density-independent factor that controls population size?
D- Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas.
Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?
The frogs can tolerate a pHpH between 4.5 and 6.
Which of the following best describes the frog species' range of tolerance to acidic conditions?
Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level
Which of the following best exemplifies population momentum?
The relative population growth rate of the population
Which of the following can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?
Peruvian current weakens, warmer than average sea surface temperatures
Which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical pacific journey el nino ?
More phytoplankton
Which of the following changes in the Eastern Pacific food web during La Nina ?
Infant mortality rate
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country A is a more developed country and that Country B is a less developed country?
Infant mortality rate
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country AA is a more developed country and that Country BB is a less developed country?
There is a high total fertility rate.
Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above? (Pyramid bigger at the bottom and smaller at the top)There is a high total fertility rate.
Country B: low population, high birth rate, high death rate, high total fertility,
Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown above? (big on the bottom, small on the top)
Earthquakes occur at the San Andreas fault
Which of the following explains tectonic plate activity on West Coast of the U.S. ?
Exponential up
Which of the following graphs best displays population size over time of an r-selected species that has just colonized a new habitat with abundant resources?
C. Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round..
Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?
It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates.
Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility?
The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition.
Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?
divergent
Which of the following is an earthquake most likely to occur ?
C. Contamination of surrounding water by organic waste
Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?
They have longer life spans.
Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?
C- Desertification
Which of the following is least likely to be an environmental consequence associated with abandoned tailings?
E. No-till agriculture
Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion?
Reduced birth rates
Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?
Sand
Which of the following is the most likely concentration of the soil sample ? (most of the water is going straight through)
A- Using new, more permeable materials for roads and sidewalks
Which of the following solutions would help decrease flood frequencies and flood sizes that are caused by urbanization?
D
Which of the following species is most likely to provide extensive parental care to its offspring?
More-developed countries tend to have lower total fertility rates than less-developed countries.
Which of the following statements best describes the trends in the data shown in the graph above?
Recreation and scenic areas for tourism
Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?
permeability
Which properties of the soil sample influence the flow of water through the sample ?
78% N 21 % Oxygen, the rest is CO2
Which shows the approx concentration of CO2 and N2 and O2
One with the most clay (Y)
Which soil composition would be best for a landfill ?
There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide stability / humidity
Why do daily high and low temperature vary in the mid/midwest U.S. ?
The surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, making the lower warmer
Why is the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion ?
phases I and IV
Zero population growth is associated with
reach sexual maturity quickly
r-species is described as ?