Unit 5 MCQ

stateless nation

A nationality that is not represented by a state.

nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Formal region

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics

Which of the following best explains the differences between countries with higher and lower percentages of women working in agriculture?

Countries with large percentages of female employment in agriculture tend to be mostly rural and are reliant on subsistence agriculture.

Since the mid-twentieth century, wheat production has risen dramatically in some regions of the world but not others, which may increase the uneven development among countries. Which statement best explains the increase in wheat production in Europe and the United States compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

Farmers in Europe and the United States use high-yield seeds and other technology but farmers in sub-Saharan Africa depend on low levels of mechanization and non-genetically modified seeds.

A typical grocery store in the United States may sell oranges grown primarily in California during part of the year and oranges grown primarily in South Africa during a different part of the year. Which of the following explains why oranges are available year-round in the United States?

Grocery stores sell oranges that are grown in locations with similar climates but different growing seasons.

The two images each show a different form of beef production. Which of the following statements explains a primary difference between the agricultural practices?

Image 1 shows traditional beef production, which has regained popularity because of perceived environmental and ethical benefits compared to the beef production shown in Image 2.

Using the data shown, which of the following best explains the spatial variations of rural women's roles in food production and food preparation?

In less developed countries, females and males tend to participate equally in harvesting and preparation tasks.

Which of the following best describes the survey system used in both locations shown?

Township and range: unit-block field patterns with dispersed farmsteads and occasional villages

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

Which of the following correctly compares the significance of the different technologies shown in the images?

Invention of the plow enabled an increase in production during the Green Revolution while protecting the environment and reducing pollution from mechanized farm equipment.

Which of the following best explains how irrigated commercial agriculture in arid environments creates both environmental opportunities and challenges?

Irrigation increases production but potentially depletes water resources.

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

Farmers in less developed countries were able to increase their profits from growing and exporting high-yield grain to levels similar to those in more developed countries.

Slash-and-burn cultivation is an agricultural practice used by subsistence farmers in tropical forest areas. Which of the following best explains an environmental effect of this practice?

Air pollution and long-term land-cover change are side effects of slash-and-burn agriculture that have a long-ranging effect on a broader region.

Functional Region

An area organized around a node or focal point

centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

One Child Policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China.

Which of the following statements best explains fair trade agriculture as shown for the products on the map?

A system where consumers in mostly more developed countries purchase goods from producers mainly in less developed countries, with the intent to reduce the disparity in income between different regions

More developed countries tend to have greater access to agricultural technology and government-supported loans used to purchase computerized farm equipment. Which of the following best explains the significance of access to these resources?

Government financing and improved technology lead to larger economies of scale and improved efficiency.

The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images?

Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields.

Which of the following best explains the significance of a similarity among locations where olives, figs, grapes and lemons are grown?

Intensive agriculture is practiced in a Mediterranean climate.

Which of the following best explains the spatial patterns illustrated in von Thünen's model?

Labor-intensive farming of vegetables is done in small-scale plots in market gardens, while extensive grain crops are grown in large-scale fields far from the market town.

Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture?

Plantation farming is considered to be an intensive farming practice because it requires large inputs of labor and capital to produce the crop.

Based on von Thünen's model of rural land use, which of the following explains the location of agricultural practice A or B relative to the market?

Practice A represents intensive land use, requires a smaller parcel of land, and can afford higher land costs found closer to the market.

The Green Revolution led to an increase in food production in many places around the world, but there have been some negative consequences. Which of the following explains one of the negative consequences of the Green Revolution that would be of greater concern for people in developing countries than for people in more-developed countries?

Runoff of agricultural chemicals into the local groundwater that pollutes water resources

Which of the following best explains a negative economic consequence of the Green Revolution in less developed countries as compared to more developed countries?

Because of the increased capital investment required to produce new crop varieties using technology that was pioneered in more developed countries, there was an increase in wealth disparity in many farming communities in less developed countries.

Which of the following best explains the significance of similarities between the farming practices for apple orchards and grape vineyards?

Both farming practices require considerable labor input because the fruit is picked by hand, making it a product of intensive agriculture.

Which of the following scenarios best explains the Columbian Exchange?

Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. Prior to this, very few animals had been domesticated in the Americas.

Agricultural settlement patterns are partly determined by the survey system used to organize landownership. Which of the following best describes the survey methods used to delineate agricultural land and the associated settlement patterns shown in the two images?

The first image shows a long-lot survey method with a linear settlement pattern, and the second image shows a metes-and- bounds survey method with a dispersed settlement pattern.

perceptual region

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity (More opinionated than factual)

Popular Culture Diffusion

diffuses rapidly and extensively though the use of modern communications and transportation

The two images show an agricultural transition that occurred in the twentieth century. Which of the following best explains how this transition helped meet a challenge of contemporary agriculture?

The increased crop yield produced more food for a growing global urban and industrial population.

Which of the following best describes the settlement patterns shown in the images?

The long-lot system results in population clustered along a waterway, whereas the metes-and-bounds system results in a random, dispersed population pattern.

Commercial agriculture in dry climates relies heavily on irrigation. Which of the following best explains an environmental concern

The soil will have increased salinity, leading to soil erosion and reduced nutrients in the soil for plant health.

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Stimulus Diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between wheat and its early hearth of domestication?

Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds.

Which of the following best explains why in the model the amount of land used for dairying is much smaller than the pasture used for beef cattle?

Dairy cows must be kept close to farmhouses, as they require daily milking, and milk must be produced close to consumers, as it is highly perishable.