Unit 5 Progressive Era US History

What is a muckraker?

A socially conscious journalist that dramatized the need for reform

Steel tycoon; he increased power by taking over the businesses that made up the phases of a product's development

Andrew Carnegie

Unions/Labor

As industrialization intensified, the booming US economy relied on workers- workers began to rebel against low pay and unsafe working conditions and many joined unions to force companies to listen to their demands

Nativism

Belief that native-born white Americans are superior to newcomers. Competitions for jobs and housing and hostility over religion fueled it. Marked the beginning of immigration restriction.

An educator, reformer, and African-American spokesman, he argued that African Americans needed to accommodate themselves to segregation- in other words, they should not focus on overturning Jim Crow Laws but should instead use their own resources to build up their lives

Booker T. Washington

He was a labour organizer and Socialist Party candidate for U.S. president; his union conducted a successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway in 1894; he was critical of capitalism

Eugene Debs

An American journalist; she worked as a school teacher in Memphis, TN and was fired for criticizing the poor education black students there received. Went on to begin lifelong crusade against lynching in the South writing many editorials/pamphlets.

Ida B. Wells

A muckraker, she reported that John D. Rockefeller not only used ruthless methods to ruin his competitors but also charged higher prices and made huge profits

Ida Tarbell

Labor unions

Industrialization lowered the prices of consumer goods, but in the late 1800's most factory workers still did not earn enough to buy them. Increasingly, working men and women took their complaints directly and forcefully to their employers. Early labor protests were strikes. An example was the Knights of Labor started by Uriah Smith Stephens.

A progressive activist; she sought to promote laws that would improve societal problems; she helped community centers that provided services to the urban poor- the Hull House was opened in Chicago

Jane Addams

He was an oil tycoon; he increased power by buying his competitors up or driving them out of business

John Rockefeller

A muckraker; he focused on social problems, exposed how government utility companies charged high fees, exposed political corruption, and published big pieces in 1904 and 1906

Lincoln Steffens

Which muckraker admired communism and thought it was very organized?

Lincoln Steffens

Wisconsin idea

Research (specifically coming from the UW system) should be used to solve society's issues; it was formed by Robert M. LaFollette

An outspoken Republican, he establishes a direct primary in WI where citizens picked the candidates for state and local offices; he also creates the Wisconsin idea; after being member of House of Reps and U.S. Senator he runs for president in 1912 election by creating his own third party (he loses)

Robert M. LaFollette

What does disenfranchising mean?

Taking the voting rights away

Segregationist policies were passed into law in the North and South. The idea of "Separate but Equal" was officially legalized in the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896

The birth of Jim Crow Laws

American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s

Thomas Nast

True or False: As the era of reconstruction came to an end, southern states began enacting policies aimed at disenfranchising away from African-Americans

True

True or false: After the Civil War, the U.S. faced rapid industrial growth and rise of big businesses and became one of the most economically powerful countries in the world

True

A muckraker, he opened America's eyes to the plight of workers in the meatpacking industry (& the threat of spoiled meat)

Upton Sinclair

First African-American to graduate from Harvard, performed sociological field research in African-American communities, was one of the founders of NAACP, studied with European social scientists, helped African colonies rise up against Europe, HE ARGUED THAT AFRICAN AMERICANS DEMAND FULL AND IMMEDIATE EQUALITY

W.E.B Dubois