Unit 5; states of consciousness

Cocaine

A brief- 15-to 30 minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

sensorineuronal hearing loss

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

The next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

Have very relaxed muscles

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Jose enters a phase of paradoxial sleep. He is likely to

Decreasing REM sleep

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term

relaxed but awake state

Alpha waves are associated with

absolute threshold

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower______ for skunk odor than his parents have.

psychological dependence

Although Max never experiences caffiene withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates

LSD

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of

tolerance

As drug users experience neuroadaption, the demonstrate signs of

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

mental process

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists renewed interest in

Nicotine

By triggering the release of epinephrine and nonpeniphrine, ___________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite.

circadian rhythm

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Consciousness is

right hemisphere of her brain was damaged

French psychiatrist, Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggest that the

trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations

Heritability refers to the extent to which

Psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

Natural selection

If a genetic predisposition to fear darkness contributes to reproductive success, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates

Physical dependence

If marty dosen't drink caffienated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss

Jason has been smoking marijuana. which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

top-down processing

Our experiences, assumptions, and expectations may give us a perceptual set that influences what we perceive. This is an example of

REM; NREM-1

Paradoxial sleep is to slow-wave sleep as __________ sleep is to ______ sleep

The interaction of nature and nurture

People have always responded so positvely to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates

physical dependence

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories

Research indicated that alcohol

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

diminish immunity to disease

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

any stage of sleep

Sleep talking may occur during

Difference thresholds

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get.

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggest that

Cocaine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of

Viral infections

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues he will become increasingly susceptible to

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

an illusory correlation

The belief that weather conditions signal the oneset of arthitis pain best illustrates

Hypothalamus

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the

NREM-1

The brain waves assocaited with REM sleep are most similar to those of

neuroadaption

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called

withdrawal

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

Limbic system

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by the activation of the _______ during REM sleep

NREM-1 stage

The hyponagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

Fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day

The impact of circadian rhythm is best illustrated by

Delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

accommodation

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

The occurence of REM rebound supports the notion that

Sleep spindles

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

behaviroism

The school of thought in psychology that systemically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century way

conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds.

Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing on your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.

What do meth, caffiene and cocaine have in common?

dual processing

When looking at a flying bird, we are consciously aware of our cognitive processing ("It's a bird") but not of our subconscious processing of the bird's form, color, distance, and movement. This illustrates what psychologists call

umami

Which basic taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomina?

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM Sleep increases

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

In large doses, it is a hallucogin; in small doses it is a depressant

Which of the following is true of alcohol?

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

They typically occur during NREM-3 sleep

Which of the following is true of night terrors?

physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

Narcolepsy

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

Gate-control theory

Which theory suggests that large-fiber acitivty in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain?

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of

Depressants

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions

percieving llusory correlations

Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are non-violent, a news headline announced; "Enlarged Brain structure Triggers Violent acts" The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of

Amphetamines

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling asleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep

Nightmares are to__________ as night terrors are to ____________

Physical growth

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in