Unit 6

All of the following statements regarding enlightened monarchs are accurate EXCEPT A. They used their power and authority to improve the lives of their subjects B. They often expanded educational opportunities and reformed legal systems in their states C. They waged war and sought to expand the borders of their states D. They established institutions that provided their subjects with a political voice

D

How did Galileo Galilei's quote above reflect the characteristics of "new science"? A. One has to gather evidence before making a logical conclusion B. decisions about topics should be made by following tradition C. one can come to one's own decision but it is wise to consider the position of the Roman Catholic Church on the matter D. human beings and society at large are slowly making progress and getting "better" overall

A

Memoirs of Marmontel passage Which characteristic of philosophes does the passage MOST directly support? A. they were from diverse backgrounds B. they promoted Enlightened ideals through their writing C. they looked to England for inspiration D. they supported representative government and religious tolerance

A

The establishment of the Smolny Institute by Catherine II of Russia MOST directly reflects the work of A. Mary Wollstonecraft B. John Locke C. Johannes Kepler D. Adam Smith

A

What aspect of the Ptolemaic system did Copernicus challenge? A. Geocentrism B. Circular orbits C. Finite universe D. Number of planets

A

Which work MOST contributed to the emergence of enlightened absolutism during the late 18th century? A. Diderot's Encyclopedia B. Smith's On the Wealth of Nations C. Rousseau's The Social Contract D. Voltaire's Candide

A

Who would most likely agree with the sentiment expressed in the excerpt? A. Catherine II B. A medieval scholar C. Pope Paul III D. A Renaissance humanist

A

All of the following statements regarding Joseph II of Austria are accurate EXCEPT A. He granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews throughout Austria B. He initiated the War of the Austrian Succession by violating the Pragmatic Sanction C. He expanded the borders of Austria through the First Partition of Poland D. He freed all serfs throughout Austria

B

All of the following statements regarding the Ptolemaic system are accurate EXCEPT: A. It was based on Aristotelian physics B. It placed the sun at the center of the universe C. It included circular orbits D. It contained the Earth, Moon, Sun and five other planets

B

All of the following states were involved in the Partitions of Poland EXCEPT A. Prussia B. France C. Austria D. Russia

B

Memoirs of Marmontel passage 8. The passage is most likely a description of A. The French Academy of Sciences B. a Parisian salon C. The court of Louis XV D. A clandestine organization formed to undermine royal authority

B

The Ptolemaic system was challenges by all of the following EXCEPT: A. Kepler's three laws of planetary motion B. The work of medieval scholars and church officials C. Starry Messenger D. Newton's mechanistic view of the universe

B

Which of the following events WAS NOT an example of Galileo Galilei living out his quote above? A. Challenging the traditional belief that an object's natural state is at rest through observation and experimentation B. Discovering the planets' orbit around the Sun are an elliptical shape, not circular as previously thought C. Constructing a telescope to view the heavens and in the process making several astronomical discoveries D. Validating the heliocentric theory heliocentric theory despite pressure from the Roman Catholic Church

B

Which philosophe is considered the "Father of Capitalism"? A. Jean-Jaques Rousseau B. Adam Smith C. Voltaire D. Cesare Beccaria

B

All of the following statements regarding the scientific revolution are accurate EXCEPT: A. The publication of On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies marked it's beginning B. The scientific discoveries that were made during it challenged traditional Christian beliefs C. The scientists who contributed to it expected their works to reach a wide audience D. It ultimately led to the development of the Enlightenment during the 18th Century

C

Galileo Galilei, Letter to the Grand Duchess of Tuscany, 1615 19. This quote by Galileo Galilei MOST likely refers to what historical period? A. Protestant Reformation B. Enlightenment C. Scientific Revolution D. Italian Renaissance

C

Which of the following was a MAJOR goal of the work as reflected in this excerpt? A. The accumulation of works of classical writers into one large reference work B. A show of support for the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church C. The encouragement of skepticism toward all human knowledge D. The approval of the French king for its publications

C

Who was arrested by the Roman Inquisition for his scientific beliefs? A. Copernicus B. Kepler C. Galileo D. Newton

C

All of the following statements regarding the Enlightenment are accurate EXCEPT A. It started in France and spread throughout Europe during the 18th century B. Its beliefs were opposed by the Roman Catholic Church C. The thinkers who contributed to it sought to reach the literate public D. It was immediately embraced and supported by absolute monarchs

D

Enlightened absolute monarchs were LEAST influenced by the works of A. Voltaire B. Denis Diderot C. Cesare Beccaria D. Baron de Montesquieu

D

The passage reveals that Copernicus was MOST influenced by which Renaissance ideal? A. Humanism B. Secularism C. Individualism D. Skepticism

D

Which 18th century trend did the Diderot's work referenced above MOST directly influence? A. the increased domination of maritime trade by Britain and the expansion of the British Empire B. the development of larger, more professional armies throughout Europe C. the establishment of state-sponsored scientific societies D. the emergence of enlightened absolute monarchs in central and eastern Europe

D

Which scientific belief is Copernicus MOST directly referring to in the passage? A. elliptical orbits B. universal gravitation C. Law of inertia D. heliocentrism

D

Who is not considered an enlightened absolute monarch?

Louis XV

In On the Spirit of Law Baron de Montesquieu

Separation of Powers