Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

What facilitated European expansion in Asia in the nineteenth century?

Europe's development of new military technologies

resulted from Europe's expansion overseas in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

European countries acquired colonies and dominated world trade.

What facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century

Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy

Directions: Suggested time - 20 minutes. In your responses, be sure to address all parts of the questions you answer. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Use the image below to answer all parts of the question that follows. ENGRAVING PRODUCED IN GREAT BRITAIN BASED ON AN 1817 PAINTING BY BRITISH ARTIST BENJAMIN WEST The Granger Collection, New York The engraving shows a historical encounter in 1765 in which the Mughal emperor Shah 'Alam II granted the British East India Company, represented by Robert Clive, the right to collect tax revenue from the Mughal provinces of Bengal, Orissa, and Bihar. Identify ONE way in which the event depicted in the image reflects political changes in the global balance of power in the eighteenth century. Explain ONE way in which the event depicted in the image reflects economic changes in Asia in the eighteenth century. Explain ONE significant way in which Great Britain's relationship with South Asia changed in the nineteenth century, compared with the relationship depicted in the image.

Examples of responses to part (a) that would earn credit: The event depicted in the image reflects the growing power of European states and the decline of some Asian empires. The event depicted in the image reflects the disintegration of the Mughal Empire and the beginning of the British conquest of India, eventually allowing Great Britain to become the world's greatest global power. The Mughal emperor's granting of concessions to the British East India Company reflects the ways in which some European joint-stock companies contributed to expanding European power across the world while weakening Asian states. The Mughal Empire's grant of the tax revenues to Great Britain, as shown in the image, was ultimately the result of Great Britain defeating European rivals such as France and the Netherlands to become the dominant power in South Asia. Examples of responses to part (b) that would earn credit: The event shown in the image reflects the growing power of European merchants and companies over trade and commerce in Asia. The event shown in the image illustrates how Europeans were able to use their economic power through joint-stock companies, such as the British EIC, to weaken Asian states The Mughal grant shows how competition between European mercantilist states and companies weakened Asian states by allowing Europeans to gain greater access to and control over Asian markets. Examples of responses to part (c) that would earn credit: The most significant change in the relationship between Great Britain and South Asia from the time of the image to the nineteenth century is that the image shows only the beginning of the British conquest of India, whereas the British gained total control over India in the nineteenth century. A significant way that the relationship between Great Britain and India changed in the nineteenth century is that the cooperation between the Mughals and the British shown in the image turned into resistance and repression as Britain crushed the great Indian rebellion (or Sepoy Mutiny) of 1857. The most significant change is that Britain gained greater power in India, which led to the collapse of the Indian textile industry, the spread of famine, and India's impoverishment.

"Extraterritoriality" can best be described as

Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they live

the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?

Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil

Which country or region led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700

India

Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species?

It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

Between 1750 and 1900, this industrializing states created an empire?

Japan

In the mid-twentieth century, the presence of Chinese and Japanese populations in North America and of South Asian populations in the Caribbean and South Africa is best explained by

Labor migrations during the nineteenth century

Which is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century

Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.

In your response, be sure to address all parts of the question. Use complete sentences; an outline or bulleted list alone is not acceptable. Answer all parts of the question that follows. a) Identify ONE ideology used to justify imperialism in the period from 1800 to 1900. b) Explain ONE way in which a specific European state applied a specific ideology to govern its colonies. c) Identify ONE specific pattern in the way in which colonized societies responded to imperialism.

Task A: Identify ONE ideology used to justify imperialism in the period from 1800 to 1900. The course framework often allows teachers the flexibility to select their own examples when teaching the course content. As a result, responses may vary. Some examples that would earn credit include: · Imperialists often used Social Darwinism to justify imperialism in the nineteenth century. · Colonizers from Europe and North America commonly rationalized imperialism by claiming they were engaging in a "civilizing" mission. · Between 1800 and 1900, European states frequently used nationalism to justify their exploitation of their colonies in support of the prestige, power, and economic benefit of the homeland. · In the nineteenth century, some Europeans justified their rule of other peoples by claiming that their efforts to convert colonial peoples to Christianity was an attempt to save their souls and bring them to a higher level of civilization. · Many imperialists used liberal economic arguments to claim that colonization would bring tremendous economic benefits to societies in Africa and Asia. · Some supporters of imperialism cited Enlightenment ideas to justify European rule in Asia and Africa, claiming that European civilization would bring ideas about natural rights and the rule of law across the world. Task B: Explain ONE way in which a specific European state applied a specific ideology to govern its colonies. The course framework often allows teachers the flexibility to select their own examples when teaching the course content. As a result, responses may vary. Some examples that would earn credit include: · French colonizers in Algeria widely adopted the idea that they had a civilizing mission to spread the language, culture, and modern technology of France. They used this propaganda to maintain support for colonialism at home and to minimize local resistance. · Great Britain used liberalism to govern India by modeling the colonial government along European systems of rule and constructing railroads and other infrastructure projects in the belief that such projects would bring economic development. · Great Britain used liberalism and Social Darwinist ideologies to expand and govern its territories in southern Africa by allowing transnational companies to establish operations to extract natural resources in the name of progress. · British missionaries in colonies in eastern Africa, such as Kenya, believed they were benefiting the people they colonized by converting them to Christianity. · Belgium argued that it would "civilize" the Congo by bringing economic development, Christianity, and other aspects of European culture. · Great Britain developed specific quasi-scientific racial ideologies such as Social Darwinism to rule India, even sending teams of social scientists to quantify and describe the characteristics of thousands of Indian caste groups in the belief that they were establishing the science of race. Task C: Identify ONE specific pattern in the way in which colonized societies responded to imperialism. The course framework often allows teachers the flexibility to select their own examples when teaching the course content. As a result, responses may vary. Some examples that would earn credit include: · Colonial peoples often responded to imperialism by forming nationalist movements, such as the Indian National Congress, to argue for reforms and self-determination. · Colonized societies frequently responded to European imperialism by launching armed rebellions. · Sometimes colonized peoples created new states on the periphery of European colonial empires. · Many rebellions against colonial rule were influenced by local religious movements, such as the Mahdist rebellion in Sudan.

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists would make this argument?

Theories of natural selection could be applied to nations, races, and social classes.

Before 1870, the European presence in Africa was characterized primarily by

coastal enclaves for trade and a few settlements

In the late nineteenth century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by

competition among imperialist powers

In the late nineteenth century, European involvement in both Africa and China was characterized primarily by

competition among imperialist powers

Study your Prompted questions from your HW quizzes (with text passages, pictures, maps, and charts.

prompted questions will be worth 2 points.

most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century

China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.

A historian researching the effects of Christian missionaries' activities on local social structures in late-nineteenth-century Africa would probably find which of the following sources most useful?

African accounts of converting to Christianity

Which of the following best characterizes Western imperialist expansion in the late nineteenth century?

An unprecedented amount of territory colonized in a short period of time

similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century

Both were attracted by employment opportunities.

Social Darwinism was used to justify _____________during the nineteenth century?

British colonization of India