Unit 6 Darkbox APES

The largest hydroelectric dam in the world is located on one of the world's longest rivers in this area.

(E)

In what year was the fraction of energy supplied by coal the greatest?

1910

Burning one gallon of gasoline in a car releases approximately 20 pounds of CO2 into the atmosphere. One person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 30 miles per gallon (mpg), while another person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 20 mpg. Over the course of the 60,000 miles, how many fewer pounds of CO2 are released by the 30 mpg car than by the 20 mpg car?

20,000

The town of Fremont Center shares its power plant with the towns of West Fremont and East Fremont. Information about the three towns is shown in the table below. The maximum capacity of the existing power plant is 2,000 MW. Assuming per capita demand remains the same, what will be the approximate power demand in Fremont Center in 40 years?

4,000 MW

The town of Fremont Center shares its power plant with the towns of West Fremont and East Fremont. Information about the three towns is shown in the table below. The maximum capacity of the existing power plant is 2,000 MW. The number of years that the power plant will be capable of supplying all of the demand for energy in the three cities is nearest to

5 years

After 200 million years, only 1/16 of the original amount of a particular radioactive waste will remain. The half-life of this radioactive waste is how many million years?

50

The half-life of a radioactive substance with the decay rate shown in the graph above is closest to

7 seconds

An individual has been driving a passenger vehicle to work, averaging 60 miles a week in a car that averages 22 miles per gallon. The individual plans to purchase a hybrid vehicle that averages 50 miles per gallon. If the individual drives to work 50 weeks a year, how much gas will they save if they switch to a hybrid vehicle for their commute?

76 gallons

Which of the structures in the diagram is the site where the nuclear power plant accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl occurred?

A

Which of the following is the best example of cogeneration?

A coal-fired power plant captures waste heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings.

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Which of the following would be the best location for a wind farm with ten industrial turbines?

Arranged uniformly on a local farm that has fields and pastureland for dairy and grain production

Which of the following best explains the process of electricity generation in a hydrogen fuel cell?

At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized and electrons flow in a circuit to the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with the hydrogen to produce water. Water and heat are by-products of the reaction.

Rock layer that can be porous but must have very low to no permeability

B

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the following sources of energy. (A) Photovoltaics (B) Geothermal (C) Biomass (D) Hydroelectric (E) Hydrogen fuel More commonly used in the least developed countries than in highly developed countries

Biomass

Which of the following best describes an advantage of burning biomass rather than burning fossil fuels in developing countries?

Biomass production is cheaper than fossil fuel extraction, making it more readily available for use.

Which of the following is the most successful solution to the problem of fish mortality caused by dams?

Building fish ladders around the dam

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?

Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

Rock layer that must be rich in organic matter that was subjected to heat and pressure over time during the formation of oil and natural gas.

D

This region has been the largest petroleum exporter for the past four decades.

E

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following accurately describes a fuel cell vehicle?

Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor.

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following questions(s) refer to the following sources of energy. (A) Photovoltaics (B) Geothermal (C) Biomass (D) Hydroelectric (E) Hydrogen fuel Drawbacks include noise and the release of corrosive chemicals

Geothermal

Which of the following best describes a disadvantage of geothermal energy production?

Geothermal energy implementation in homes and businesses has a high upfront cost, and electricity is needed to operate pumps.

Some automobiles in the United States are fueled by natural gas. What is the primary environmental advantage of natural gas relative to gasoline as a transportation fuel?

Natural gas combustion emits fewer pollutants.

The following questions refer to the energy sources listed. (A) Uranium-238 (B) Coal (C) Natural gas (D) Oil (E) Solar Currently proven global reserves are expected to be largely exhausted within the next 50 years.

Oil

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable?

Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption.

The following questions refer to the energy sources listed. (A) Uranium-238 (B) Coal (C) Natural gas (D) Oil (E) Solar Is renewable

Solar

Which of the following is most likely to reduce the United States contribution to the increase in concentration of atmospheric CO2?

Switching from cars and trucks to rail for mass transit and freight movement

Construction of a solar power plant is proposed for a desert area near a school. A student has hypothesized that the shade cast by the solar panels will increase the mortality of creosote bush, a native desert plant in the area. Before construction begins, what experimental data should the student collect in order to eventually test the hypothesis?

The direct sunlight received by creosote bush in the desert area (in kWh/m2) during a 12-month period

Which of the following best describes how the use of hydrogen fuel negatively impacts the environment?

The energy needed to produce the hydrogen fuel may come from fossil fuels, whose use contributes to ocean acidification and global climate change.

According to the data plotted in the graph above, which of the following is true about the increase in world fossil fuel consumption between 1965 and 1980 ?

The increase in oil consumption outpaced the increases in coal and natural gas consumption.

Between 1960 and 1970, world oil consumption approximately doubled. Which of the following explanations is consistent with this increase?

The number of cars on the road increased.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

Which of the following is a drawback to using biofuels, such as ethanol, as a fuel source?

There is high energy investment in producing and processing the crops needed for ethanol production.

Which of the following would be most likely to be used as a fuel source for electricity generation in the plant displayed in the diagram?

Uranium-235

Which of the following is a reason why hybrid electric vehicles use less fossil fuel per mile traveled than a typical internal combustion engine vehicle uses?

When the brakes are applied in hybrid electric vehicles, kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to charge the batteries that assist the electric motor.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chemicals into boreholes to

create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil

The primary cause for the decline in the use of wood as a fuel in the eighteen hundreds was the

reduced wood availability resulting from widespread deforestation

Geothermal energy plants are a viable alternative energy source because they

use the heat from Earth's interior to create steam that is used to generate electricity and then can be pumped back into the ground