Unit 6: Japan

What did Japan adopt for Music in China?

- Koto was like Chin - Japanese court music Gogaku was adopted form Buddhists chants, Indian, Korean, and Native Japanese music (some were Chinese)

What did Japan adopt for Painting in China?

- Nara and Heian cultures imitate Tang techniques - made water colors of nature scenes - Zen monks created images using black ink

What did Japan adopt for City Planning in China?

- Nara built based on Chinese city Changan City Plan - Kyoto and Tokyo had features also borrowed but not all because of limited space

What did Japan adopt for Architecture in China?

- buildings used China's techniques in order to make buildings stable for earthquakes - multiple roofs symbolize different levels of awakening (from Buddha) - beauty of gardens and courtyards are just as impt. as buildings

What did Japan adopt for Attire in China?

- during Nara, clothing were similar to Tang - Aristocrats carried fans and parasols and wore silk - working class wore clothes of hemp linen and cotton

What did Japan adopt for Confucianism in China?

- emphasis on family ties - women entered into political marriages for their families -merchants @ bottom of social class - Filial respect & honor elders

What did Japan adopt from Buddha in China?

- shrines & temples merged over time - Dogen Modified Chan- Zen Buddhism which appealed to Samurai b/c of emphasis on concentration & meditation - adopted many principal Shinto gods as Buddhist gods

What happened during the Taika Reforms?

-Chinese style changes in organizing power - emperor owns All land -Land is divided up among clans to govern -taxes get paid to the emperor and not to the clans -emperor gets more control over clans -no effect on lives of the peasants

What did Japan adopt for Written Language in China?

-Kanji adopted -Hiragana=each symbol represents the sound of a single syllable which led to more literacy - Katakana also developed for foreign words

What did Japan adopt for Government in China?

-Prince Shotoku used bureaucratic system to rank advisors -Taika reform of land distribution like Tang -Bureaucracy never fully developed (exam had to do with examining a person's geneology)

Guns forced the samurai to build what?

100s of large strong castles

About how many gates would an attacker have to go through just to get to a castle's command center?

11-12

What percentage of Japan's land is good for living and farming?

16%

How many volcanoes are active?

60 out of 150

Why was Japan's capital moved from Nara to Kyoto?

Because the power of the government was overwhelmed by that of the Buddhist clergy.

What religion was mixed with the Shinto?

Buddhism

What was religion like in the Kyoto Court?

Buddhist temples and monasteries were limited in Kyoto so that they would not interfere with the emperors government.

What mountains are on Honshu?

Chugoku Mountains and Mount Fuji

What did shoguns compete for?

Control of land

How well were courtiers of the Kyoto Court connected to the rest of Japan?

Courtiers preferred to ignore provinces and leave them in the hands of provincial nobles

What was another name for pottery?

Earthenware

What kinds of natural disasters are common in Japan?

Earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods, and volcanoes

What were the Jomon's?

Fisher's and hunter gatherers

What mountain range is on Hokkaido?

Hidaka Mountains

What city is right under the Chugoku Mountains?

Hiroshima

What island is Sapporo on?

Hokkaido

Noh drama

Japanese style dance (dance drama) where a masked dancer performs a slow dance-drama

What culture was the first recorded culture of Japan?

Jomon

What island is Nagasaki on?

Kyushu

Why was the culture that replaced the Yayoi named the Tomb Culture?

Named after the big mounded keyhole shaped tombs surrounded by moats

What does the Shinto religion teach?

Natural world is filled with divine spirits, or Kami

How many times was Himeji castle attacked?

Never

What was another name for courtier?

Noble/advisor

What city is under Kyoto?

Osaka

What was literature like in the Kyoto Court?

Poetry was Japanese courtiers favorite form of writing. Diaries and tales were another courtier favorite. These helped understand value of time.

Where did the Japanese get guns from in the first place?

Portuguese traders

What does Buddhism teach?

Promised rewards to the faithful and good

What did they introduce?

Rice in water

What was the lowest class in the Samurai?

Ronin

Who were the only people allowed to have swords?

Samurai

What city is right next to the Hidaka Mountains?

Sapporo

What would a warlord do if he was about to lose a battle or be captured?

Seppuku

What are the four main islands?

Shikoku, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Honshu

In the 13th-16th centuries, where did power lay in the hands of in Japan?

Shogun

What clan was Prince Shotoku in?

Soga clan

What is Japan's biggest geography problem?

Space

When did they start to fade away, and why?

Started to fade away in 1870's due to guns that came from Portugal

Which clan held most of the power in Japan? How did they keep that power? What happened to the emperor?

The Fujiwara Clan held the most power in Japan. They kept their power by continuing to marry into the imperial family. The emperor became a more religious symbol rather than a government leader.

What was the Writing System like in the Kyoto Court?

The Japanese created a set of characters called Hiragana. The symbols represented syllables instead of words. Before this, Japan borrowed China's writing system.

What were they also known as and why?

The Tree Culture because trees were an important element in building construction, ceremonial ornaments, and for use as daily implements

What was dress like in the Kyoto Court?

The longer the women's hair the lovelier the women, it was thought. Light skin was admired, so white powder covered their faces. Some had black teeth as well. Eyebrows were shaved for fake ones were drawn. Clothing had gold, silver, and multi-colored thread. 2+ silk robes worn at once, different length sleeves with rainbow of colors.

Shogun

The name Yoritomo was given, means great general

How did courtiers afford this rich lifestyle?

They were in a highly refined social class

What does Japan's high elevation mean?

They're mountainous

Which warlord was able to reunify Japan and bring an end to samurai warfare?

Tokugawa Ieyasu

What city is to the right of Mt. Fuji?

Tokyo (Edo)

What did the sea provide for them?

Transportation, trade, food, protection, and electrical power

What culture replaced the Jomon?

Yayoi

What culture was the first metal using culture?

Yayoi

Kami

a sacred power or force

Japan is an island country that means it is an?

archipelago

What were the Samurai's primary occupation?

as warriors to protect the nobles

Samurai students are taught to keep what moving at all times?

blade of sword

What did Earthenware have?

cord patterns/markings

Samurai swords had to be hard enough to hold a sharp edge, but soft enough to be able to do what?

cut without breaking

Samurai swords and European swords weighed the same. So what was different about samurai swords?

cutting edge was harder and sharper

Denominatons

different religious groups

According to Mr. Ozawa, Japanese armor was made for what?

easy movement

What did Prince Shotoku encourage?

encouraged japanese to learn form China (BUddhism, Art, and Confucianism)

Regent

exercises power in the emperors name

tenant farmer

farmer who payed rent in crops crops for the priviledge of farming land owned by the nobles

What is the most difficult step for a sword maker?

hardens metal, fusing steel together

What does Japan have because of its limited space?

high population density

Where did the Yayoi settle?

in Honshu

When did the Samurai first come around?

in the 9th century

How did they accumalate wealth?

land ownership and the storage of grain

What combination of things were a samurai's armor made out of?

leather, iron, silk, and bamboo

What is the most important thing to learn about samurai sword fighting?

making the first move

It is made up of how many island?

more than 3,000

What did samurai carpenter not use to hold their structures together?

nails

Daimyo

nobles who supported the shogun

What positions did Samurai often hold?

officials

How many earthquakes happen each year?

over 1500

What temperature does the fire reach for this last step?

over 1500 degrees F

Provincial nobles

people who took over more land and took advantage of Japan's reduced power

Courtier

people who took part in the highly refined social life of the court

Where did they live?

permanent farming villages and constructed buildings of wood and stone

What did the samurai act as?

police

What was Japan's most important crop?

rice

isolation

set apart from others

Carpenters spent at least 1/3 of their day doing what?

sharpening tools

What kind of motion do the samurai make with their swords?

slashing motions

What did Samurai warriors treat with reverence (respect,honor) and ritual?

swords

How did clans gain back land ownership?

taking over more and more land

Bushido

the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai

Shinto

the indigenous religion of Japan

What has always been Japan's greatest resource?

the sea

The series of walls surrounding a castle were designed to do what to possible invaders?

trap and confuse

Samurai

warrior, mans those who serve

Meditation

written or spoken discourse expressing considered thoughts on a subject