Unit 6 Study Guide 8th Grade Social Studies BCA

What were 3 disadvantages of sharecropping?

1. Former slaves could not make enough money to feed their families. 2. Crop prices decreased. Former slaves were in debt to their bosses and unpayable debts were made. 3. Former slaves were handled like they were during slavery. *Some people called Sharecropping Slavery with another name.

What were 3 benefits of sharecropping?

1. Gave former slaves a chance to become economically independent and to finally free themselves from having a boss or master. 2. Workers were no longer forced to work as hard as possible like they were under the slave system. 3. It allowed former slaves to acquire enough money to move from sharecropping to renting or owning land.

What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments do?

13th amendment: Abolished Slavery. 14th amendment: Granted African Americans citizenship. 15th amendment: Granted African Americans voting rights.

What is a Scalawag?

A Scalawag is a native white Southern Republican who had opposed secession and supported the Union (Unionists)

What kind of people did Andrew Higgins employ in his company? How did that make Louisiana more socially progressive?

Andrew Higgins employed People of all races and colors. (African Americans, whites, Women, etc.) He felt that everyone was needed to help manufacture boats in his industry and paid everyone equally. This made Louisiana more socially progressive because it showed others that Higgins did not care what color people were, but that they can all contribute to his company in some way.

Who was Abraham Lincoln's Vice President who became the 17th president following his assasination?

Andrew Johnson

What was Louisiana's specific contribution to World War ll?

Lousiana became a training ground for the Louisiana Manuevers who were soldiers who came to Louisiana to train for the war. Louisiana's specefic contribution to World War ll was boat manufacturing (Higgins Industries)

Describe the differences between Malcom X and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther: Christian, Supported non-violence, Focused on the future, Poetic. Malcom X: Muslim, Took extreme measures, Focused on the past, Factual.

Describe the court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and their significance in United States/Louisiana history.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was a court case in which a Louisianian named Homer Adolph Plessy challenged a Jim Crow law that required separate railroad cars for black and white passengers. The Supreme Court ruled against Plessy because they claimed facilities were separate equal. (which was a lie) Brown v. Board of education was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

What are Radicals?

Radicals were Lincoln's fellow Republicans who did not want to allow Southern states back into the Union so easily. They believed the Confederates really had left the Union even though Lincoln said it was more of an act of rebellion than a separation since he considered secession unconstitutional.

What do you know about Republicans vs. Democrats during Reconstruction?

Republicans were not as united as the Democrats. They all wanted to make sure the South did not start another war, and they all agreed freedmen deserved some rights. But they also disagreed about many important issues. Republicans consisted of Freedmen, Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, White Northerners, Southerners who opposed secession.

What did the the 19th Amendment state?

The 19th amendment stated that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

What do you know about the Black Codes?

The Black Codes were a law to keep freed black men under the governments control. Black codes were state laws that forced freedmen to sign contracts to work on plantations. Freedmen could not leave the plantation until the contract was up. They could be arrested and punished if they did not have jobs or if they "insulted" whites. Essentially, the Black Codes enslaved the freedmen.

What officially "ended" Reconstruction?

The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction. In this agreement, the nation's Democrats agreed to let Rutherford B. Hayes become president in return to promise that the republicans will withdraw the U.S. Army from the Southern States still under Reconstruction. Most people realized if the army left, the Republican governments in those states would collapse, and reconstruction would end.

Which political party supported the White League/Knights of the White Camellia?

The Democrats (Ex-Confederates, Southerners, pro-slavery thinkers, etc.)

Who are the knights of White Camellia?

The Knights of the White Camelia was an American political terrorist organization that operated in the southern United States in the 19th century, similar to and associated with the Ku Klux Klan, supporting white supremacy and opposing freedmen's rights.

What are the differences between the 10% plan and the 50% plan? (Wade-Davis Bill)

The difference between the 10% plan and the 50% plan is the 10% plan was more lenient because it only required 10% of a southern state's population to take an oath of allegiance to the union. The 50% plan was stricter because it required 50% of a southern state's population to take an oath of allegiance to the union.

Describe the historical significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965: Why was it necessary? Who was the President that signed it into law? Which events led to it? Why was it necessary?

The historical significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is that it was passed to ensure that African Americans had the right to vote and prohibited racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by Lyndon Johnson after the march for voting rights in Selma, Alabama led by martin Luther King.

Describe Lousiana under Jim Crow rule and segregation:

The implementation of Jim Crow-or racial segregation laws-institutionalized white supremacy and black inferiority throughout the South. Segregation laws, known as Jim Crow laws, were designed to physically separate blacks from whites. The two races had to have separate schools, water fountains, restaurants, bathrooms, and train cars. Zoos had separate viewing areas for animals, and circuses were required to have separate ticket windows at least 25 feet apart. This divided whites and blacks because of their differences.

Why was the map above called Military Reconstruction? (Click to turn card to view map)

The map was called Military Reconstruction because it was the boundaries where Union Soldiers were stationed which was in Southern states during Reconstruction to protect African Americans.

What the populist party believe in?

The populists were a political party formed after the success of the farmers alliance. These reformers believed society's problems were so great only the government had the power to correct them. They wanted to outlaw child labor;force big businesses to treat customers fairly; clean up pollution; make the workplace safer; and adopt paper money, the secret ballot, and an eight-hour work day. The populists would probably be called liberals today.

What was the Share Our Wealth Plan?

The share our wealth plan was a radical redistribution of wealth where taxes from millionaires would be taken to help poor people. Poor people loved the idea while wealthy people thought it was insane. This taxation plan, according to Long, would give the federal government hundreds of millions of dollars. He would then "share" that money with all Americans. Under Long's Share Our Wealth plan, every family would be guaranteed and income of $2,500 annually, a house, a car, a radio, a college education, and an old age or veterans pension.

What was sharecropping?

The sharecropping system provided landowners with relatively inexpensive labor, and it provided freedmen and poor whites with a way to earn a living. However, sharecropping also became a trap. Workers did not receive any money until they sold their crops, but they still needed to buy food, clothing, and other essentials before harvest time. This system was developed to provide farm labor.

The African American vote decreased by 99% (from 145,000 voters in 1896 to just 1,500 voters in 1904) in just 8 years after Reconstruction ended. What contributed to that decline?

Violence, Intimidation, and threats from domestic terrorists groups like the KKK and the Knights of White Camiella were used to stop African Americans from voting since the Union troops were no longer in Southern states, African Americans had no protection from this. This caused the African American vote to decline after Reconstruction ended. If they voted, klans would burn their houses, churches, and lynch them sometimes.

What was unique about Louisiana's 1868 Constitution?

What was unique about the Louisiana 1868 Constitution is that it provided for the first time in Louisiana history a Bill of Rights that guaranteed specific civil rights. It ended segregation by prohibiting discrimination in public places. All children were guaranteed a free public education in integrated schools. Perhaps most importantly, the constitution granted black men the right to vote. The Constitution of 1868 opened the door for African Americans to enter politics.

What is a Carpetbagger?

Carpetbaggers were white northerners who became involved in Louisiana's Reconstruction. Many were former Union soldiers who stayed in the South when the war ended. Some hoped to enter politics, while others wanted to make money rebuilding the devastated state. The Democrats viewed carpetbaggers as corrupt invaders who had no business meddling in Louisiana's affairs.

Why did President Eisenhower call Andrew Higgins the "Man that won the war for us"?

Eisenhower called Andrew Higgins the "Man that won the war for us" because he developed a landing craft called the Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) which was used to land troops in World War ll during invasions.

What person was governor of Louisiana and then senator of Louisiana during the Great Depression who said that,"Every man was a king," and that, "There should be a chicken in every pot."

Huey P. Long