Unit 7 Gov Test (4/4/2019)

benchmark polls

At the begin of a campaign you see how people feel about an issue or a candidate and compare later polls to these results

The values of other countries have influenced political attitudes in the United States

This quote is an example of which of the following?

government needs to be able to provide the best security for the people without taking away too many of the people's liberty

what is limited government?

nobody is above the law

what is rule of law?

family

what is the biggest influence on political beliefs?

we give up some freedom in exchange for a government to protect us.

what is the social contract?

-sample size -randomness -large number of people -representative to population -neutral language

what makes for a valid/scientific poll?

republicans

what party typically aligns with conservative ideologies?

democratic

what party typically aligns with liberal ideologies?

entrance and exit polls

Polls taken when you actually go to vote booth and this is optional and gives indication of the outcome of that election

Sports teams

Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization?

Friedman/ "Economic Right"

"Economic freedom is an essential requisite for political freedom."

Keynes/ "Economic Left"

"It is called planning-- state planning... We can accept the desirability and even the necessity of planning without being a Communist, a Socialist, or a Fascist."

Friedman/ "Economic Right"

"The combination of economic and political power in the same hands is a sure recipe for tyranny."

Friedman/ "Economic Right"

"We need, in our opinion, the equivalent of the First Amendment to limit government power in the economic and social area -- an economic Bill of Rights to complement and reinforce the original Bill of Rights"

Religious organizations are major agents of political socialization because religious leaders speak about social or political issues

A political scientist might use this data to support which of the following arguments?

The poll was conducted solely among respondents who purchased a magazine and does not rely on a randomized sample

A pollster might claim that this poll is unreliable for which of the following reasons?

The poll's sample respondents were not randomized and not representative of the average Seattle resident

A pollster might claim that this poll is unreliable for which of the following reasons?

focus groups

Allows to get more specific data. Small groups of people not big populations. Ask them directly what they care about, etc

The Federal Reserve

Also called "The Fed." An independent federal agency that determines US monetary policy with the goal of stabilizing the banking system and promoting economic growth.

Keynesian economics

An economic philosophy that encourages government spending (through the creation of jobs or the distribution of unemployment benefits) in order to promote economic growth.

Supply-side economics

An economic philosophy that encourages tax cuts and deregulation in order to promote economic growth.

tracking polls

Ask people at the beginning of a campaign, and periodically ask the same people through a campaign about how they feel about a candidate or a position. Tracks changes in the people's views over time

The Democratic party leans towards a liberal ideology because they favor more government involvement to ensure social and economic equality

Based on the infographic, which of the following claims could a media organization make about the ideological leanings of the Democratic party?

Major political events play a significant role in shaping individuals' political attitudes

Based on the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

equality of opportunity

Everyone has an equal say in government and has an equal chance at opportunities

Fiscal policy

Government decisions about how to influence the economy by taxing and spending.

Monetary policy

Government decisions about how to influence the economy using control of the money supply and interest rates.

The Constitution is not very specific, so people believe different things. Because of this, people advocate for different things and different parties can form

How do different ideas about governing result in different interpretations of American political culture?

family, friends, media, religion, etc.

How do people acquire their political beliefs (political socialization)?

individualism

People should not rely on the government and should take care of themselves. they have rights but also responsibilities.

Individual liberties

Personal freedoms that the government cannot abridge, particularly those guarantees found in the Bill of Rights.

Legislation to increase corporate income tax rates and increase regulation of the economy

If Congress adheres to a liberal economic policy, which of the following measures would it most likely employ during an economic recession?

A belief in increasing the role of government to regulate the economy and create government programs to help the most needy

Liberal ideology is best defined as which of the following?

rule of law

No one is above the law. The laws are the supreme rule of the land and govern totally.

Social policy

Public policy related to health care, human services, criminal justice, inequality, education, and labor.

mass surveys

Random sample asking a lot of people what they think about a legal or governmental topic

Government intervention

Regulatory actions taken in order to affect decisions made by individuals, groups, or organizations regarding social and economic matters.

Keynes/ "Economic Left"

The essence of state planning... "is to take hold of the central controls and to govern them with deliberate foresight and thus modify and condition the environment within which the individual freely operates with and against other individuals."

free enterprise

The government intrudes as little as possible in exchanging goods and services.

limited government

The government should not be able to control everything bc they should not violate our natural rights.

Right to privacy

The right to be free of government scrutiny into one's private beliefs and behavior.

libertarian

Want complete freedom in everything and the government to get involved as little as possible

liberal

Want government to get involved and help things in the economy.

conservative

Want government to stay out of economy but regulate many things

He does not use polls to decide his stance on policy

Which of the following statements best summarizes Governor Bush's argument?

Access to guns

Which of the following Republican positions from the infographic would a Libertarian most likely agree with?

The Boomer and the Silent generations are more likely to support maintaining social security benefits than Millennials and Gen-Xers

Which of the following accurately describes the information in the bar graph?

The percentage of Americans who said they trust the government fell significantly between the late 1960s and 1980, and since then has never risen to pre-1970 levels

Which of the following accurately describes the information presented in the line graph?

Family

Which of the following agents of socialization is the most successful at transmitting political ideologies?

Supply-side economic policies are controversial when they cut taxes for the rich, because they may not use that money to expand the American economy

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon?

Liberals

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support a constitutional amendment banning the use of the death penalty?

Randomized sample

Which of the following is a characteristic of a reliable scientific poll?

Comparison A

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of conservative and liberal views concerning social policy?

Comparison D

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of typical conservative and liberal views concerning economic policy?

Congressman Schubert judged that although a majority of Americans support stricter gun control laws, the voters in his district are more likely to oppose such laws

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the graph and your knowledge of the importance of public opinion data as a source of political influence?

A person's attitude about same-sex marriage can depend on which religious organization they take part in

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the line graph above and your knowledge of political socialization?

Getting married or divorced

Which of the following life events would be most likely to have a significant effect on an individual's political attitude?

A budget with significant additions of public work projects to provide employment for Americans without jobs

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to Keynesian economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

A national budget with significant cuts in federal spending on entitlement programs like Medicaid

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to supply-side economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

Allowing voluntary prayer in schools

Which of the following policies would a conservative politician most likely support?

Increasing funding for school lunch programs

Which of the following policies would a liberal politician most likely support?

Abolishing the death penalty

Which of the following policies would a libertarian politician most likely support?

Students are required to take an American government course to graduate from high school

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the process of political socialization in schools?

Party identification differs significantly between generations

Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart?

The poll received a representative sample of 1,850 respondents

Which of the following supports the credibility of the poll result?

Tracking poll

Which type of poll is Count the Votes conducting?

Exit poll

Which type of poll is the news network conducting?

party identification

an individual's sense of loyalty to a specific political party

lifecycle effects

changes over the course of an individual's lifetime, which affect their political attitudes and participation; as individuals develop from young people to adults to senior citizens, their concerns and values change

generational effects

experiences shared by a group of people who came of age together (generational cohorts, such as baby boomers or millennials) that affect their political attitudes; wars and economic recessions that hit one generation particularly hard have lasting effects on the political attitudes of that generation as its members progress through life

keynes (demand-side)

government should have as much control as possible on economics. merge life of America with the fascism in Russia, Germany, and Italy

period effects

major events and social trends that affect the political attitudes of the entire population; for example, the terrorist attacks on September 11 and the Watergate scandal had lasting effects on the political attitudes of those who lived through them

demographic characteristics

socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. These characteristics influence how individuals tend to vote and whether they identify with a political party

globalization

the growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between nations and advances in communications technology. Globalization has influenced American politics by increasing the extent to which the United States influences, and is influenced by, the values of other countries

friedman/smith/hayek (supply side)

the market will correct itself. laissez-faire or hands off ideology. government should have little impact on economics. libertarians

political socialization

the process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media

Libertarian ideologies

they oppose all government intervention in economic and social policy, believing that government exists to protect private property and little else. they do not believe that government should regulate morality or the free market.

Liberal ideologies

they tend to favor more government intervention in order to promote social and economic equality. For example, they endorse minimum wage laws, arguing that without government intervention businesses will take advantage of employees and economic inequality will increase. On the other hand, they tend to oppose government intervention into areas of private life, such as laws restricting contraception or same-sex marriage.

Conservative ideologies

they tend to oppose government intervention in order to promote social and economic equality, arguing that the free market will reward individuals according to their talent and hard work. they also oppose government restrictions on individual liberties protected in the Bill of Rights, such as the right to bear arms. On the other hand, they tend to favor government intervention to promote traditional morality, such as outlawing abortion and marijuana, and strongly support government spending on the military and national security.

increase demand by the government spending money

what does keynesian economics say?

cut taxes to make it easier for private businesses to make money (trickle down)

what does supply-side economics say?

everyone has an equal say in governing decision making

what is equality of opportunity?

the government intrudes as little as possible in the exchanges of private parties

what is free enterprise?

you are responsible for you

what is individualism?