Unit 8
The Truman Doctrine was developed as a response to problems where?
Greece and Turkey
What tactics did the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong use to defeat the Americans?
Guerilla tactics, tunnel complexes, recycling dead bombs into new weapons, and utilized the support of peasants
Between 1940 and 1960, American wives were required to do what?
Increasingly required to take jobs outside home.
What prompted the growth of radicalism in the American Counterculture of the 1960s?
decline in faith and idealism
What was the North Vietnamese objective with their "Protracted War" strategy?
drag out fighting so that the US was trapped in a war that they could not win militarily and create unfavorable political conditions; they succeeded
What did George Kennan's "containment" policy propose?
efforts to stop the expansion of Russian control and communism
Critical to John F. Kennedy's victory in the election of 1960 was his success in what media related event?
first televised debate
What did the counterculture movement stand for?
freedom and power over authoritarian establishment
What did the Marshall Plan propose?
the infusion of massive amounts of American capital in Western Europe
The Soviet Union first learned of the American atomic bomb how?
through the use of espionage
Which operation called for the use of Agent Orange to defoliate the jungle?
Operation Ranch Hand
Which operation called for the sustained bombings of North Vietnam?
Operation Rolling Thunder
The Black Panther Party embraced the basic ideals of the Black Power movement, but what made them different from the rest of the movement?
They were specifically urban, in cities
In what year did the Cuban Missile Crisis occur?
1962
What year was considered the turning point in terms of public opposition to the war in Vietnam?
1968
What were the important stimuli to American economic growth in the late 1940s and early 1950s?
37 billion dollars in American savings The pent up desire for consumer goods Heavy government spending during the Cold War and the Korean War
What points were part of the 1962 Port Huron Statement issued by the student group Students for a Democratic Society?
-Universal disarmament -Diplomacy rather than militancy -Respect for environment -Creation of communities that provided meaningful work and leisure activities
What events were instrumental in turning the tide of public opinion towards widespread protest?
-my lai -tet offensive
The NATO Treaty was signed in what year?
1941
Approximately how many American lives were lost during Vietnam?
58,000
The defense policy statement known as NSC-68 advocated what?
A mass expansion of US military
How were the 1950s in America were characterized?
A new affluence and economic good times
What one thing was critical to life in the suburbs in the 1950s?
Automobile
Drugs were an important part of the counterculture movement, why is this so?
Because they were a symbol of a person's willingness to take risks for something they believed in
By 1946, Great Britain and the United States were refusing to permit the _______________________ to take _______________________ from ____________________.
By 1946, Great Britain and the United States were refusing to permit the ___Soviet Union__ to take ______reparations_______ from _____the industrial western zones of Germany_.
The National Security Act of 1947 established which government agency?
CIA
What was the dominant social theme of the 1950s?
Consumerism
What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision?
Declared that state public schools separating blacks and whites was unconstitutional.
During the Cold War, President Eisenhower did what?
Ended the Korean War Authorized Spy plane overflights in Soviet Union Remained calm in times of great stress Accepted soviet Domination over Eastern Europe
Which book helped to launch the Women's Movement?
Feminine Mystique
John F. Kennedy's plan to balance out nuclear capability with conventional military strength was known as
Fleixble___ ___Response____.
What was the major technological innovation of the Vietnam War and how was it used?
Helicopter and used it as a troop movement system, supply movement, medivac, gunships
What were the components of President Truman's Fair Deal program?
Interstate Highway
In the Korean War, the Chinese threatened a massive invasion of Korea if the United States did what?
Invade North Korea
The tone for the so-called "beat" movement was set by which novelist?
Jack Kerouac
Which US president was responsible for the escalation of the Vietnam conflict?
Johnson
Who was the leading figure of the Red Scare of the early 1950s?
Joseph McCarthy
The foreign policy of Lyndon Johnson was considered a continuation of what?
Kennedy's foreign policy
President Eisenhower had to send in federal troops in 1957 to enforce the desegregation of the public schools where?
Little Rock, Arkansas
Who was considered the father of the Black Power movement?
Malcom X
On what date was President Kennedy assassinated and where?
November 22, 1963 Dallas, TX
Which agreement ended open hostilities between the US and the North Vietnamese?
Paris Peace Agreement
The case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka overturned which previous Supreme Court decision?
Plessy vs. Ferguson
In the final analysis, what was the most significant result of the Korean War?
massive re-armament (made more weapons)
What were Black Power advocates working for?
Racial separation in order to preserve unique African American identities
"If they weren't Vietcong before we got there, they sure as hell were by the time we left", what is this quote referring to?
Search and destroy missions
An organization founded by Martin Luther King, Jr. to promote civil rights was the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
For the United States, the turning point of the Vietnam War was the
Tet offensive
The Deep South responded to court-ordered desegregation by doing what?
massive resistance
When the Soviet Union shot down a United States spy plane in 1960, the event became known as the ________ crisis.
U-2 Crisis
Which two American ships were involved in the Gulf of Tonkin incident?
USS Maddox and C. Turner Joy
Why did the US lose the Vietnam War?
Underestimated the enemy; could not stop movement of troops and supplies; desertion; drugs; not prepared to continue to take heavy losses for limited progress;low moral
The fundamental disagreement at the beginning of the Cold War involved the question of what?
Who would control postwar Europe
Which individual invented the concept of mass construction of suburban homes?
William Levitt
The one significant legislative achievement of the Eisenhower years was the
__Highway___Act of __1956_____.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis? -a de-escalation of the U.S.-Soviet arms race -a demonstration that the Soviets only understood the language of force -a new maturity in John F. Kennedy's foreign policy -new negotiations regarding a reduction in nuclear testing -the Soviet-American hotline
a de-escalation of the U.S.-Soviet arms race
In contrast to Eisenhower, Kennedy's staff was heavily populated with what types of people?
academics and intellectuals
What were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for?
accused of heading a spy ring that passed top-secret information concerning the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.
As a result of Cold War military reforms, the dominant branch of the American armed forces became the ______________________________.
airforce
What were the effects of Agent Orange on humans?
increased rate of cancer chromosomal damage birth defects
Sputnik, the earth satellite put into orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957, was capable of doing what?
it beeped
What did Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy of protest stress?
nonviolent, passive resistance to unjust laws
When the Soviet Union sealed off the city of Berlin in 1948, President Harry Truman responded by doing what?
organized a massive airlift to resupply the city
What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
overthrow Castro
Why were the Buddhist monks burning themselves in the streets of Vietnam?
protest Gno Dihn Nhu and Gno Dihn Diem
The National Defense Educational Act was passed in response to what?
provided an opportunity and stimulus for college education for many Americans. It allocated funds for upgrading funds in the sciences, foreign language, guidance services, and teaching innovation. -Sputnik
What was Vietnamization?
richard nixon's policy to end US involvement in the Vietnam War:expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese people To transition combat over to the South Vietnamese Army
In its decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court declared...
separate educational facilities are inherently unequal
The building of the Berlin War in 1961 was meant to keep East Germans from doing what?
spreading communism to West Berlin
Why did the United States fight the war in Vietnam?
stop the spread of communism
Soviet bitterness toward the United States immediately after World War II was primarily a result of the US's refusal to do what?
the United States' refusal to provide economic aid to the Soviet Union.
By 1960, the most racially integrated institution in American society was the ___________________.
the armed forces
Why did the US government reinstate the Draft?
to make up for the lack of personnel needed to fight in Vietnam
The crucial issue discussed at the Potsdam Conference involved what?
war reparations
The most significant social trend in the postwar era in America was what?
white flight to the suburbs