Unit 9: Mobile Devices

EDGE

(also called 2.75G) networks are an intermediary, between 2G and 3G networks. EDGE is the first cellular technology to be truly internet-compatible, with speeds of 400-1,000 Kbps.

Fuel Cell

-A growing technology that is still developing and is being implemented into the small electronic device market. -Not truly a battery. -Offers instant power and uses replaceable cartridges. -Rather than being recharged (taking hours), when its charge becomes low, the fuel is merely replaced (taking seconds).

If your laptop does not include a calibration tool, you can calibrate the battery by following these steps:

-Charge the battery to 100%. Because you might not be able to trust the power meter that shows in Windows, be sure to allow sufficient charging time. -In Windows, change the Power Scheme settings so that the system is not shut down automatically when the battery level reaches a low level. -Unplug the laptop and run it on battery power only. -When the battery level drops below 3%, turn the laptop off. -Plug the laptop in and fully charge the battery. -Restart the computer and restore your previous -Power Scheme settings.

Types of data you can synchronize:

-Contacts -Programs -Email -Pictures -Music -Videos -Calendar -Bookmarks -Documents -Location data -Social media data -eBooks -Passwords

Nickel Cadmium (NiCad)

-Develops a memory and begins to store less power as it is repeatedly recharged. To avoid battery memory problems, completely drain the battery before recharging it. -Takes up more physical space than lithium ion batteries.

Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)

-Does not develop a memory -A rechargeable battery with twice the capacity of a nickel cadmium battery with significantly increased stability and safety. -Takes up less physical space and weighs less than nickel cadmium or nickel metal hydride batteries for comparable power output. -Has a shorter lifespan than nickel metal hydride. -Not heat sensitive like nickel cadmium. -Cannot be overcharged. -More expensive than nickel cadmium or nickel metal hydride.

Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)

-Does not develop a memory. -40% longer lifetime than nickel cadmium. -Greater charge capacity than nickel cadmium. -Less toxic than nickel cadmium. -Slightly more expensive than nickel cadmium.

Well-known email providers include:

-Exchange -Google/Inbox -iCloud -Outlook.com -Yahoo

IMEI vs. IMSI

-IMEI stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity. It is a unique number given to every single mobile phone. It is typically located behind the battery. IMEI numbers of cellular phones connected to a GSM network are stored in the Equipment Identity Register database containing all valid mobile phone equipment. When a phone is reported stolen or is not type approved, the number is marked invalid. -IMSI stands for International Mobile Subscriber Identity. This is a unique identifier that defines a subscriber in the wireless world, including the country and mobile network to which the subscriber belongs. The IMSI is one of the pieces of information stored on a SIM card.

Wireless Network Card repair

-Mini-PCI or mini-PCIe slots are used to add devices such as a wireless card. -Some card slots might be accessible through a panel on the bottom, or underneath the memory or the hard drive. Otherwise, you will typically need to remove the keyboard and the palm rest, or the rest of the case, to get at the expansion slots. -Wireless cards require an antenna. Connectors on the card connect to the antenna, which is usually a wire routed into the lid and around the display. -Be sure to reconnect both the antenna and keyboard connectors when reassembling.

Be aware of the following when working with portable devices:

-Most laptop manufacturers provide service manuals on their websites that you can use to learn specific disassembly/reassembly procedures for a particular laptop make and model. -The components used in laptop systems are much smaller than those used in desktop system. You should carefully organize and label each part as you remove it from the system to ensure that it doesn't get lost and that it gets reinstalled in the correct location. Keep devices away from food and drink. Liquid spills are especially damaging to a portable device. Liquid can easily run beneath the keyboard and onto internal components. -For individual keys that stick, you might be able to remove the key and clean underneath it. If that does not work, you will need to replace the keyboard. -Clean the display with lint-free cloth and isopropyl alcohol. Spray the cleaner on the cloth, not directly on the screen, to avoid getting cleaner on other components. -Cooling is a major concern for portable devices. -----Follow these recommendations: -Keep all air vents clear and unobstructed. Vents are typically located on the back of the unit. -To help heat dissipation, do not place a laptop on a surface where air cannot circulate beneath it evenly --The best way to keep a laptop properly ventilated is to purchase special laptop cooling bases that provide fans for the bottom of the unit. If a laptop cooling base is not available, set it on top of a hard, solid surface, such as a desk or countertop. Soft surfaces, such as a couch or your lap, should be avoided because it is likely they will obstruct even air flow. -Adjust processor throttling (if supported) and configure Power Options to reduce power consumption. Lower power consumption not only saves battery life, it lowers the heat output. -When moving from outside to inside, allow the computer to warm up before using it. One of the main reasons is to prevent water vapor condensation that can occur when the system is powered on and warms up quickly. -Do not leave portable devices in cars where the temperature can reach extremes or where direct sunlight can be magnified. -Although they are built to withstand portability, protect portable devices in properly-padded cases or include proper packaging materials when shipping them. -When installed, both PCMCIA and ExpressCard cards extend past the outer edge of the laptop. You should remove the cards from the slots before putting them in a case to prevent them from catching on objects and breaking.

Processor repair

-Remove the keyboard to expose the processor. -Some notebooks have processors soldered onto the motherboard. On these systems, you will not be able to upgrade or replace the processor. -Because of the limited space in a notebook case, the processor uses a heat pipe to pull heat towards the side of the case where a small fan can vent the heat from the case.

Be aware of the following when working with laptop batteries:

-Some manufacturers recommend calibrating the battery when you first use it and every 3 months thereafter. -Extreme high or low temperatures shorten the battery life. -To provide more working time when running on battery power, turn down the display brightness, avoid watching DVDs or playing CDs, turn off wireless networking when not in use, use Power Scheme settings to power off unused devices, and adjust processor power settings (if available). -If you will not use the battery for longer than 2 weeks (for example, if you are not using the laptop or are running it only on AC power), remove the battery and store it separately. -Storing a battery longer than 3 months without use might affect its ability to hold a charge. -Depending on how you use them, most batteries will last between 1-3 years. Under normal conditions, the battery will gradually lose capacity over time. If the battery the battery life is still low after calibration, the only solution is to replace the battery.

Memory repair

-Some notebooks include a base amount of memory built onto the motherboard or a memory module soldered into the first memory slot. You will not be able to remove or upgrade this memory. -Some notebooks have one memory slot located underneath the keyboard, and a second slot accessible through a door on the bottom of the case, or both slots are accessible from the bottom. -The amount of base memory installed will affect the total amount of system memory you can have.

Touchpad repair

-The most common problem for the touchpad is that the mouse cursor is not controlled properly based on where you press. In this case, recalibrate the touchpad. -If you need to replace the touchpad, it is typically connected to the palm rest which is part of the inside case. You will need to remove the keyboard and the palm rest to replace the touchpad.

Hibernate

-The system appears to be off. -Power consumption is at the lowest level. -Volatile memory is saved to a hibernation file to preserve the system state. -Some components are powered so the computer can wake from keyboard, LAN, or USB input.

Soft Off

-The system appears to be off. -This state is comprised of a full shutdown and boot cycle.

Sleep

-The system appears to be off. -Volatile memory is refreshed. -Some components are powered so the computer can wake from keyboard, LAN, or USB input.

Working

-The whole system is usable. -Unused save power in a low power state.

Hard drive repair

-Verify the interface type (SATA), speed, capacity, and RPM speed supported by the notebook before purchasing a replacement drive. -Most hard drives are replaced by removing a cover on the bottom or side of the computer. -Some disk drives are placed inside a caddy with a special connector. You will need this caddy when replacing the drive.

LCD Display repair

-You will need to remove the keyboard and any palm rests in order to remove the video card or the display components. -Some video cards are integrated on the motherboard and cannot be replaced. If the video card can be replaced, you will need to disconnect the display wires first. -Power cables run from your laptop to the LCD through the hinges that attach the LCD to the laptop. If these cables become bent or frayed, they can cause your LCD to lose power or display. -To remove the display assembly, remove the screws holding the lid that are typically located beneath the keyboard or a plastic cover above the keyboard. Unplug the video cables and the wireless antenna or other device cables. -To access the inverter, backlight, or other display components, remove the screws in the bezel. These screws are typically underneath rubber pads that keep the lid from hitting the palm rests. -When replacing the video card or LCD components, be sure to reconnect the wireless network antenna when reassembling.

Credit Card Readers

A credit card reader allows you to accept credit and debit cards payments through your smartphone or tablet.

Docking Stations

A docking station allows you to charge an electronic device. Because a wide range of dockable devices have different connectors, power signaling, and uses, docks are not standardized and are designed for a specific make and model of a mobile device.

Gyroscope

A gyroscope measures the vertical and horizontal orientation of the device. This essentially creates a user input mechanism. The tablet can detect changes in vertical and horizontal acceleration and respond programmatically. For example, changes in vertical and horizontal acceleration detected by the gyroscope can be used as input for a gaming app.

Hotspot

A hotspot is a physical location where you can obtain wireless internet access using a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a router connected to an internet service provider.

VPN

A mobile virtual private network (mobile VPN) provides mobile devices with access to network resources and software applications on their home network when they connect using other wireless or wired networks.

touchpad on/off

A pointing device you can use instead of a mouse. These devices sense the position of your finger and then move the pointer accordingly.

airplane mode

A setting within a mobile device that disables the cellular, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth antennas so the device cannot transmit signals.

Smart Camera

A smart camera is a self-contained standalone vision system with a built-in image sensor in the housing of an industrial video camera. It contains all necessary communication interfaces, such as Ethernet, as well as industry-proof 24V I/O lines for connection to a PLC, actuators, relays or pneumatic valves.

SDK/APK

A software development kit (SDK) is a set of software development tools that allow the creation of applications for a certain software package, software framework, hardware platform, computer system, video game console, operating system, or similar development platform. To create applications, you have to download a specific software development kit. For example, the development of an Android app requires an SDK with Java, for iOS apps an iOS SDK with Swift, and for MS Windows the .NET Framework SDK with .NET. There are also SDKs that are installed in apps to provide analytics and data about activity. Prominent examples include Google and Facebook.

GPS on/off

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

Touchscreen Interface

A touchscreen is an input device normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. A user can give input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus and/or one or more fingers. The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly with what is displayed rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or any other intermediate device, like a stylus.

Virtual Assistant

A virtual assistant is a program that understands your conversation, replies to you, and carries out many daily tasks for you like sending mail, making a search, opening apps, reporting the news and weather, and more. You can initiate these tasks using your voice. Some examples of a virtual assistant include AIVIC, Skyvi, and iris.

Sleep (Modern Standby)

Able to switch from a low-power state to a high-power state quickly.

Airplane Mode

Airplane mode is a setting available on many smart phones, portable computers, and other electronic devices that suspends the device's radio-frequency signal transmitting functions, which disables telephone, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth when activated.

Bluetooth on/off

Allows electronic devices like cell phones and computers to exchange data over short distances using radio waves

Accelerometer

An accelerometer is also called a g-sensor. It detects a tablet's physical movements by measuring its linear acceleration in one dimension. The user interface can be automatically rotated to portrait or landscape mode, depending on the unit's orientation.

Emergency Notification

An emergency notification system is a method of facilitating one-way message broadcasts to one or many groups of people, alerting them to a pending or existing emergency.

Device Encryption

Another line of defense that can be implemented, and is used by default on most new devices, is encryption. Encryption prevents someone from accessing the stored information in any capacity. This means even if someone got a hold of a device and were somehow able to copy the contents of the device, they wouldn't be able to view any of the information. It would be encrypted.

Apps

Applications must be written to run on mobile devices based on the operating system and system architecture. App distribution is provided online by platform: -Google: Play Store -iOS: AppStore -MS: Windows Store

Biometric Authentication

Biometric authentication is a type of authentication that relies on the unique physical characteristics of individuals to verify their identity for secure access. Some mobile devices support biometric authentication on lock screens. The two most common ones are fingerprint and facial recognition.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices and for building personal area networks (PANs). It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

Extra Batteries/Chargers

Cell phone chargers have gone through a diverse evolution that included cradles, plug-in cords, and obscure connectors. However, more recent devices generally use micro-USB.

E-readers

E-readers are similar in size to tablets, but they lack the functionality of a tablet. Their primary purpose is for reading digital books, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals. Most e-readers use E Ink to display digital content.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

GPS is a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Mobile devices use GPS chips in order to calculate the device's location information. This is helpful for things like navigation applications and device location services.

Gamepads

Gamepads allow you to turn your mobile device into a virtual multi-touch gamepad for PC games through a Wi-Fi connection.

Geotracking

Geotracking is the ability to identify a person's current physical location by obtaining GPS data from their smart phones or other GPS-enabled devices.

Applications

If you cannot load an app from the Microsoft Store, use the Windows Store Apps Troubleshooter to search for and correct problems. Third-party apps have varying levels of support. You may have to contact the developer to troubleshoot issues. If you are unable to decrypt an email, you probably do not have the correct private key. You will need to export it from another computer.

Video

If your laptop has no display at all

Internal Storage

Internal storage is a hardware component located inside the device and used to store data. Some tablets use solid state drives (SSD). Others may use on-board flash memory (such as the iPad). Some also have external USB ports for removable storage.

Power

Laptops can run from either AC power through the transformer or from battery power.

Launcher

Launcher is the name for the part of the GUI that lets users customize the home screen (the phone's desktop), launch mobile apps, make phone calls, and perform other tasks on Android devices.

Networking Capabilities

Mobile devices implement 802.11b/g/n networking to provide networking connectivity. Bluetooth is also commonly implemented for connecting peripherals in place of wired USB connections.

Headsets

Mobile headsets allow you to listen to music and answer phone calls. Mobile headsets come in both corded and cordless varieties using Bluetooth technology.

Mobile Payment Service

Mobile payment services operated under financial regulation and are performed using a mobile device. Instead of paying with cash, check, or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods.

Failed Login Attempts

Most mobile devices are configured by default to allow only a set number of failed login attempts, which is usually ten. If more than ten failed logins are attempted, the mobile device will automatically wipe the entire contents of the device and reset it to the factory defaults. It's important to make sure that this feature is enabled on all mobile devices. This is one of the best lines of defense you can provide to a mobile device. Even if the passcode or PIN aren't very secure, it will be pretty hard to guess the right one with only ten attempts at your disposal.

Multifactor Authentication

Multifactor authentication is a type of authentication that requires multiple authentication credentials to verify the user's identity for a login or other transaction. For example, you might require a user to enter a username, password, pin, and fingerprint before authenticating to a computer system.

Protective Covers

Protective covers or cases are designed to attach to, support, and hold a mobile device. Protective covers are meant to protect a mobile device from accidental drops, shock, and water.

Radio Firmware

Radio firmware controls basic low-level functions like network connectivity, Wi-Fi, and GPS. For several years, radio meant baseband, and controlled network connectivity aspects only, while Wi-Fi and GPS were governed by OS drivers like any other devices. Baseband updates may improve or diminish battery performance, network signal strength, and roaming capability.

Remote Wipe

Remote wipe is used to remotely format a mobile device. It's a feature that's built into a lot of mobile devices, especially smart phones. But, it's also possible to use third-party software, such as Windows Intune, to achieve this functionality. Remote wipe requires some sort of connection to the device. This means that in order to send a remote wipe command, the device needs to be powered on and have cellular or Wi-Fi connection.

Smart Phones

Smart phones combine the functionality of a cellular phone with the features of a desktop computer. Smart phones can access the internet either through a Wi-Fi connection or by using a 3G, 4G, and LTE cellular connection. They can also be used as a GPS navigation unit, a portable gaming device, and a mobile music player.

Memory/MicroSD

Some smart phones feature SD card slots, usually the smaller MicroSD variant. These, in combination with a compatible SD card, can be used to transfer files from one device to another, or simply to increase the storage capacity of the phone.

Speakers

Speakers allow you to listen to your mobile device without headphones. Portable speakers can be connected to your mobile device using Bluetooth or through the earphone jack.

Tablets

Tablet devices use a touchscreen interface instead of the touchpad and keyboard used by notebook PCs. The touchscreen interface is usually capacitive, meaning that it requires conductive material, such as your finger tip, for input. Capacitive touchscreens provide multi-touch capabilities, which allow the tablet to recognize multiple finger touches at the same time.

Tethering

Tethering is connecting one device to another. In the context of mobile phones and tablet computers, tethering allows sharing the internet connection of the phone or tablet with other devices like laptops. Connection of the phone or tablet with other devices can be done over wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), over Bluetooth, or by physical connection using a cable like USB.

PRL Updates

The Preferred Roaming List (PRL) is a database residing in a wireless device that contains information used during the system selection and acquisition process. Without a PRL, the device may not be able to roam. In some cases, having a missing or corrupt PRL can lead to a customer not having service at all. On many networks, regularly updating the PRL is advised if the subscriber uses the device outside the home area frequently, particularly if they do so in multiple different areas. This allows the phone to choose the best roaming carriers, particularly roaming partners with whom the home carrier has a cost-saving roaming agreement, rather than using non-affiliated carriers. PRL files can also be used to identify home networks along with roaming partners, making the PRL an actual list that determines the total coverage of the subscriber, both home and roaming coverage.

PRI Updates

The Primary Rate Interface (PRI) is a telecommunications interface standard used on an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) for carrying multiple DS0 voice and data transmissions between the network and a user. The PRI is a level of service assigned by the ISDN sometimes referred to as an ISDN PRI. The PRI provides businesses with digital access to the PSTN. While ISDN PRI is usually associated with only voice transmission, it is capable of transmitting data, video, and faxes as well.

screen orientation

The layout or orientation of the screen that is either portrait or landscape.

Laptop Components

The most common portable components used with laptop systems are keyboards, mice, digitizer pads, and antennae.

Mechanical Off

The system is completely off and consumes no power. The system returns to a working state only after a full reboot.

Screen brightness (increase/decrease)

This is a function key that allows you to adjust the visibility of the display. This is very useful, especially in the case of power conservation as the screen usually uses the most power of any computer component.

keyboard backlight (increase/decrease)

This is a function key to adjust the brightness of a keyboard in the case that the laptop has built in illumination.

Volume Settings (up/down/mute)

This is a function key to quickly adjust the level of the sound. There is also a button to mute the sound altogether.

Dual displays

This is a function key to quickly adjust the setup when using multiple displays. The button brings up an on screen option to select to mirror or extend the contents of the screen. You can also choose to use only of the two screens.

Operating System

Three operating systems are commonly used with mobile devices: Android (open source) iOS (closed source/vendor specific) Windows (closed source/vendor specific)

Screen Locks

To secure access to a mobile device, such as a tablet or smart phone, configure the device's lock screen to use some sort of authentication.

wireless (on/off) /

Turn the wireless on or off.

Architecture

Two computer architectures are used by mobile devices: -x86: The x86 architecture is compatible with standard x86 PC hardware and software, which allows the device to run operating systems such as Windows. Some newer versions of Android can also run on the x86 architecture. -ARM: Some tablets, such as the iPad, use the ARM architecture. ARM is more power-efficient and less expensive to manufacture than x86. Android runs primarily on ARM.

Wearable Devices

Wearable devices are a type of mobile device meant to be worn somewhere on the body. These devices range from being as simple as a fitness tracker wrist band to as complex as glasses or a virtual reality headset. Most wearable devices are designed to interface with another device.

Webcam

Webcams are camera and microphone systems that allow users to communicate through the internet with audio and video. Most laptops have a built-in webcam, but you can purchase one and connect it to the computer through a USB port.

Keyboard repair

When experiencing problems with the keyboard: -Cleaning the keyboard might correct stuck keys or keys that will not display a character when typed. -If numbers type instead of letters (such as 1 for J, 2 for K, etc.), make sure that the Num Lock is turned off. -If the keyboard doesn't work, you can connect an external keyboard to continue using the system until the keyboard is replaced. When replacing the keyboard, be aware of the following: -You can replace the pointer stick pad by simply pulling off the old one and replacing it. -Screws at the bottom of the notebook case or underneath a plastic bevel on the top hold the keyboard in place. -A laptop keyboard is generally connected to the system board using a flat, ribbon-like cable.

Wi-Fi Calling

Wi-Fi calling allows your iPhone to place and receive phone calls and text messages over a Wi-Fi network. If you have a weak cellular signal but a solid Wi-Fi signal, your iPhone will automatically switch over and route calls and texts using Wi-Fi. You can only use this if your cellular carrier supports it.

port replicator/ docking station

attaches to a loptop computer and allows you to connect multiple devices devices as mouse, keyboard, printer, network, connection, or additional monitors.

pointing device

instead of a mouse,notebook use one of the following devices: pointing sticks, touch pad, buttons, digitizer, PS/2 connector or USB connector

internal hard disks

internal hard disks are typically 2.5" or 3.5" and very thin compared to desktop hard disks.

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

is a hand-held device, typically with a small touchscreen.

netbook

is a notebook computer with smaller form factor and custom hardware designed to maximize battery life

smart phone

is a phone that includes function of PDA

laptop

is a portable version of a desktop system. it often has similar hardware and runs similar software

5G

is able to achieve speeds twenty times faster that 4G; its peak speed is 20Gb per second. -Uses MIMO. -Includes lower frequencies than previous generations, down to 600 MHz. -Uses Long-Term Evolution (LTE) for wireless connections.

4G

is available with minimum speeds around 3-8 Mbps, with over 100 Mbps possible. 4G: -Uses MIMO. -Is not compatible with 3G; 4G requires a complete retrofit on the part of service providers and new equipment for the consumer. -Utilizes Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). WiMAX delivers high-speed internet service (up to 1 Gbps for stationary users) to large geographical areas.

memory

laptop memory uses SODIMM and UniDIMM packages with SDRAM and DDR/DDR2/DDR3/DDR4 memory.

networking

most notebooks include built-in networking devices such as an Ethernet port, a modem port, wireless, Bluetooth, and/or infrared

2G

networks were the first to offer digital data services. 2G data speeds are slow (14.4 Kbps) and are used mainly for text messaging, not internet connectivity. 2.5G supports speeds up to 144 Kbps.

keyboard

notebook keyboards are smaller than standard keyboards. the keys are often a bit smaller and closer together. That number pad and some function keys might be left out but can be accessible by pressing a special Fn key

3G

offers simultaneous voice and data. Minimum speeds for stationary users are quoted at 2 Mbps or higher.

processor

processors built especially for laptop computers have lower power consumption requirements and produce less heat than desktop processors

video

that XGA screens have the normal 4:3 aspect ratio. WXGA screens use a widescreen aspect ratio. some promise brighter display. video controller is either integrted onto the motherboard or it might be separate board. Might shares a portion of the system memory.that it can shown on a projector or monitor. touchscreen that can rotate 180 degrees to be still allowed to close and the screen to still be visible.some allow you to detach the or remove the keyboard.

tablet PC

that includes a touchscreen to allow input by tapping the screen, by dragging objects, or through handwriting recognition.

media controls

that the meaning of going back and going forward and play and pause also record and stop recording