Unit 9

The nurse needs to apply oxygen to a patient who has a precise oxygen level prescribed. Which of the following oxygen-delivery systems should the nurse select to administer the oxygen to the patient? A: Nasal cannula B: Venturi mask C: Simple face mask without inflated reservoir bag D: Plastic face mask with inflated reservoir bag

A: Nasal cannula

Pneumothorax Pleural effusion

Air in the pleural space Fluid in the pleural space

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for preventing atelectasis in the postoperative patient? A: Postural drainage B: Chest percussion C: Incentive spirometer D: Suctioning

C: Incentive spirometer

Encourage pursed lip breathing in pts with

COPD

Patients with advanced _________________ lose the elastic recoil of the lungs and thorax.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Two main forms of COPD Causes of COPD S/sx of COPD Diagnosis of COPD

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Most people have a combination of both. It is the 4th leading cause of death in the US Smoking, inhalation of irritants, and recurrent chronic resp conditions Chronic persistent cough, increased mucous, SOB esp during physical activity, wheezing, chest tightness, and a barrel shaped chest(emphysema Initially a pulmonary function test

The nurse is assessing a patient in respiratory failure. What finding is a late indicator of hypoxia? Clubbing of fingers Cyanosis Crackles Restlessness

Cyanosis

While palpating the chest wall of a muscular athletic client, the nurse would expect to hear:

decreased fremitus.

Postural drainage position for adult bilateral lung segment

high fowlers

The nurse is applying a pulse oximeter to a client with bronchitis. Which factor(s) does the nurse communicate to the client that could interfere with accurate pulse oximetry? Select all that apply. nail polish thickness of nails acrylic nails respiratory rate peripheral vascular disease

nail polish thickness of nails acrylic nails peripheral vascular disease

Upper respiratory system consist of

Nasal cavity, nostril, mouth, pharynx-houses tonsils and adenoids, and larynx

3 Steps of the process of oxygenation:

1. Ventilation: process of moving gases into and out of lungs 2. Perfusion: the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs 3. Diffusion:the process of exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries

The nurse is using an oxygen analyzer to determine whether a client is receiving the amount prescribed by the health care provider. The nurse first checks the room air. What finding indicates a normal mixture of oxygen and other gases in the environment? 21% (0.21) 11% (0.11) 31% (0.31) 41% (0.41)

21% (0.21)

Chest percussion Chest vibration

A clapping movement performed with cupped hands. Also called chest physiotherapy A vibrating movement performed with flat hands

What is the diaphragm

A done shaped structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities; the major muscle of respiration

Cyanosis

Blue/purple discoloration of the skin/mucous membranes due to o2 deprivation

FIO2 PAO2 SAO2

Fractional inspired O2, the amount of oxygen in percentage a person is breathingRoom air=21% Amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma. Lab test of measurable oxygen in the bloodNormal=75-100 Measure of tissue perfusion, percentage of hemoglobin molecules in arterial blood.Normal=95% and above

A client is scheduled to have excess pleural fluid aspirated with a needle in order to relieve her dyspnea. The client inquires about the normal function of pleural fluid. What should the nurse describe? It allows for full expansion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity. It prevents the lungs from collapsing within the thoracic cavity. It limits lung expansion within the thoracic cavity. It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs.

It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs.

The critical care nurse is precepting a new nurse on the unit. Together they are caring for a client who has a tracheostomy tube and is receiving mechanical ventilation. What action should the critical care nurse recommend when caring for the cuff? Deflate the cuff overnight to prevent tracheal tissue trauma. Inflate the cuff to the highest possible pressure in order to prevent aspiration. Monitor the pressure in the cuff at least every 8 hours Keep the tracheostomy tube plugged at all times.

Monitor the pressure in the cuff at least every 8 hours

A nurse practitioner diagnosed a patient with an infection in the maxillary sinuses. Select the area that the nurse palpated to make that diagnosis. Above the eyebrows Between the eyes and behind the nose On the cheeks below the eyes Behind the ethmoid sinuses

On the cheeks below the eyes

A nurse is educating a client in anticipation of a procedure that will require a water-sealed chest drainage system. What should the nurse tell the client and the family that this drainage system is used for? Maintaining positive chest-wall pressure Monitoring pleural fluid osmolarity Providing positive intrathoracic pressure Removing excess air and fluid

Removing excess air and fluid

The nurse is caring for a client who has a pleural effusion and who underwent a thoracoscopic procedure earlier in the morning. The nurse should prioritize assessment for which of the following? Sputum production Shortness of breath Throat discomfort Epistaxis

Shortness of breath

The nurse caring for a client with an endotracheal tube recognizes several disadvantages of an endotracheal tube. What would the nurse recognize as a disadvantage of endotracheal tubes? Cognition is decreased. Daily arterial blood gases (ABGs) are necessary. Slight tracheal bleeding is anticipated. The cough reflex is depressed.

The cough reflex is depressed.

What is the main purpose of postural drainage

To help move mucous and fluid out of the lungs by positioning and Gravity

Surfactant

a chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing.

What does pulse oximetry measure? cardiac output peripheral blood flow arterial oxygen saturation venous oxygen saturation

arterial oxygen saturation

what happens when hypoxia is left untreated

cardiac dysrhythmias and/or death

Do you use a clean or sterile technique with oropharyngeal suctioning? Do you use a clean or sterile technique with nasopharyngeal suctioning?

clean sterile

Although not designated as endocrine glands, several organs within the body secrete hormones as part of their normal function. Which organ secretes hormones involved in increasing blood pressure and volume and maturation of red blood cells? kidneys cardiac atria brain liver

kidneys

Severe pain esp when deep inhalation is... Diagnosing pleurisy

Pleurisy Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest. Very painful. Develops with TB & pna, trauma, or PE. Chest pain, coughing, cyanosis Pleural friction rub

Which term refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during each respiratory cycle? Vital capacity Functional residual capacity Tidal volume Maximal voluntary ventilation

Tidal volume

The clinic nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with emphysema and who has just had a pulmonary function test (PFT) ordered. The client asks, "What exactly is this test for?" What would be the nurse's best response? "A PFT measures how much air moves in and out of your lungs when you breathe." "A PFT measures how much energy you get from the oxygen you breathe." "A PFT measures how elastic your lungs are." "A PFT measures whether oxygen and carbon dioxide move between your lungs and your blood."

"A PFT measures how much air moves in and out of your lungs when you breathe."

The home health nurse is visiting a new client who has recently started using an oxygen concentrator. After assessing the home environment, which comment should the nurse prioritize? "Have you discussed a back-up system with your health care provider in case your electricity goes out?" "Does your family help you with the concentrator?" "Are you sleeping better now that you are using the concentrator?" "Have you noticed an improvement in how you are feeling?"

"Have you discussed a back-up system with your health care provider in case your electricity goes out?"

A child is admitted to the pediatric division with an acute asthma attack. The nurse assesses the lung sounds and respiratory rate. The mother asks the nurse, "Why is his chest sucking in above his stomach? The nurse's most accurate response is: "He will require additional testing to determine the cause." "He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe." "His infection is causing him to breathe harder." "His lung muscles are swollen so he is using abdominal muscles."

"He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe."

A nurse is explaining a chest tube to family members who do not understand where it is placed. What would the nurse tell them? "It is inserted into the space between the lining of the lungs and the ribs." "I don't exactly know, but I will make sure the doctor comes to explain." "It is inserted directly into the lung itself, connecting to a lung airway." "It is inserted into the peritoneal space and drains into the lungs."

"It is inserted into the space between the lining of the lungs and the ribs."

Following a chest X-ray, a patient has been diagnosed with a pleural effusion. The care team has concluded that the quantity of fluid in the patient's intrapleural space necessitates thoracentesis. What patient education should the nurse provide in anticipation of this procedure? "You can move around as normal after the procedure is finished, and I've applied a bandage over the site." "The doctor will ask you to cough a few times to facilitate the insertion of the needle." "If you're unable to lie on your side, you can sit upright and support yourself on your overbed table." "It's very important that you remain still while the doctor is performing the procedure."

"It's very important that you remain still while the doctor is performing the procedure."

The home care nurse is visiting a client who is totally oxygen dependent and using home oxygen. Upon noticing a gas stove in the kitchen, what teaching will the nurse provide? "It is important to eat at least five servings of vegetables daily." "Remove your oxygen before cooking near the gas stove." "An electric stove may be a safer choice for you." "Be careful not to trip over your oxygen tubing while cooking."

"Remove your oxygen before cooking near the gas stove."

The ED nurse is assessing a client complaining of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the client's chest and hears wheezing throughout the lung fields. What might this indicate about the client? A narrowed airway. Pneumonia. The need for physiotherapy. Hemothorax.

A narrowed airway.

The nurse goes to assess a new patient and finds him lying supine in bed. The patient tells the nurse that he feels short of breath. Which nursing action should the nurse perform first? A: Raise the head of the bed to 45 degrees. B: Take his oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter .C: Take his blood pressure and respiratory rate. D: Notify the health care provider of his shortness of breath

A: Raise the head of the bed to 45 degrees.

A new ICU nurse is observed by her preceptor entering a patient's room to suction the tracheostomy after performing the task 15 minutes before. What should the preceptor educate the new nurse to do to ensure that the patient needs to be suctioned? Auscultate the lung for adventitious sounds. Have the patient inform the nurse of the need to be suctioned. Assess the CO2 level to determine if the patient requires suctioning. Have the patient cough.

Auscultate the lung for adventitious sounds.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has decreased mobility. Which intervention is a simple and cost-effective method for reducing the risks of stasis of pulmonary secretions and decreased chest wall expansion? A: Antibiotics B: Frequent change of position C: Oxygen humidification D: Chest physiotherapy

B: Frequent change of position

Which is a deformity of the chest that occurs as a result of overinflation of the lungs? Funnel chest Pigeon chest Barrel chest Kyphoscoliosis

Barrel chest

The acute medical nurse is preparing to wean a client from the ventilator. Which assessment parameter is most important for the nurse to assess? Fluid intake for the last 24 hours Baseline arterial blood gas (ABG) levels Prior outcomes of weaning Electrocardiogram (ECG) results

Baseline arterial blood gas (ABG) levels

A patient is admitted with severe lobar pneumonia. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that the patient needs airway suctioning? A: Coughing up thick sputum only occasionally B: Coughing up thin, watery sputum easily after nebulization C: Decreased independent ability to cough D: Lung sounds clear only after coughing

C: Decreased independent ability to cough

Which hormone would the nurse identify as important in decreasing serum calcium levels? Calcitonin Melatonin Gastrin Thyroid hormone

Calcitonin

A 4 year-old client has had recurrent episodes of bronchitis during the winter months. The client spends a significant amount of time outdoors enjoying the snow and breathes primarily through the mouth. What suggestion would the nurse most likely make to the client's mother? Help the client learn to breathe through her nose. Keep the client indoors. Increase the client's vitamin dosage. None of the options is correct.

Help the client learn to breathe through her nose.

When performing suctioning always

Keep it to a minimal and remember to hyperventilate prior

The nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving oxygen via a nonrebreather mask at 12 L/min. What actions by the nurse will promote the best outcomes for this client? Select all that apply. Maintain flow rate so that the reservoir bag collapses only slightly during inspiration. Use petroleum jelly around the nose and mouth to prevent the drying effects from the oxygen. Take the mask off frequently to allow the client to have rest periods. Check that the valves and rubber flaps are functioning properly. Monitor SaO2 with pulse oximeter.

Maintain flow rate so that the reservoir bag collapses only slightly during inspiration. Check that the valves and rubber flaps are functioning properly. Monitor SaO2 with pulse oximeter.

A nurse has performed tracheal suctioning on a client who experienced increasing dyspnea prior to a procedure. When applying the nursing process, how can the nurse best evaluate the outcomes of this intervention? Determine whether the client can now perform forced expiratory technique (FET). Percuss the client's lungs and thorax. Measure the client's oxygen saturation. Have the client perform incentive spirometry.

Measure the client's oxygen saturation

The nurse is admitting a patient with COPD. The decrease of what substance in the blood gas analysis would indicate to the nurse that the patient is experiencing hypoxemia? PaO2 pH PCO2 HCO3

PaO2

The nurse is discussing activity management with a client who is postoperative following thoracotomy. What instructions should the nurse give to the client regarding activity immediately following discharge? Walk 1 mile (1.6 km) 3 to 4 times a week. Use weights daily to increase arm strength. Walk on a treadmill 30 minutes daily. Perform shoulder exercises five times daily.

Perform shoulder exercises five times daily.

Which of the following glands is considered the master gland? Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal

Pituitary

A nurse educator is reviewing the indications for chest drainage systems with a group of medical nurses. What indications should the nurses identify? Select all that apply. Post thoracotomy Spontaneous pneumothorax Need for postural drainage Chest trauma resulting in pneumothorax Pleurisy

Post thoracotomy Spontaneous pneumothorax Chest trauma resulting in pneumothorax

In addition to heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature, the nurse needs to assess a client's arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). What procedure will best accomplish this? Incentive spirometry Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement Peak flow measurement Pulse oximetry

Pulse oximetry

While assessing the client, the nurse observes constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber of the client's closed chest-drainage system. What should the nurse conclude? The system is functioning normally. The client has a pneumothorax. The system has an air leak. The chest tube is obstructed.

The system has an air leak.

The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment of an adult client and is attempting to distinguish between vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial (tubular) breath sounds. The nurse should distinguish between these normal breath sounds on what basis? Their location over a specific area of the lung The volume of the sounds Whether they are heard on inspiration or expiration Whether or not they are continuous breath sounds

Their location over a specific area of the lung

Lower respiratory system consist of

Trachea, lungs, bronchus.

Which scenario describes how carbon dioxide levels determine the frequency and depth of ventilation? Breathing increases when carbon dioxide levels decrease. An increase in circulating carbon dioxide causes an increase in the release of hydrogen ions, stimulating chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries, causing deeper and more rapid breathing. A decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood causes an increase in carbon dioxide levels, which in turn causes breathing to be slowed and more shallow. When carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, chemoreceptors are stimulated, causing deeper and more rapid breathing.

When carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, chemoreceptors are stimulated, causing deeper and more rapid breathing.

Oxygenation ________________ as a direct consequence of chronic lung disease.

decrease

what happens when hypoventilation is left untreated 3

hypoxia hypercapnia respiratory acidosis

Computed tomography of a patient's chest is suggestive of a malignancy, but these results are not conclusive. As a result, the patient has been scheduled for a bronchoscopy. What patient education should the nurse provide for this patient regarding this diagnostic procedure? "The care team will likely give you a general anesthetic for your bronchoscopy." "Your doctor will probably instill a contrast solution into your lungs to aid visualization." "We'll monitor you closely after the procedure, especially until your gag reflex returns." "You won't be able to swallow solid food for a day or two after the procedure."

"We'll monitor you closely after the procedure, especially until your gag reflex returns."

A client who uses portable home oxygen states, "I still like to smoke cigarettes every now and then." What is the appropriate nursing response? "An occasional cigarette will not hurt you." "You should never smoke when oxygen is in use." "I understand; I used to be a smoker also." "Oxygen is a flammable gas."

"You should never smoke when oxygen is in use."

Noninvasive ventilatory support can be achieved using a variety of modes. List two of them: and complications

-- Continuous positive airway pressure (CAP) - Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) - Facial and Nasal Injury- Skin breakdown- Dry mucus membranes- Aspirations

What would the critical care nurse recognize as a condition that may indicate a client's need to have a tracheostomy? A client has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute. A client requires permanent ventilation. A client exhibits symptoms of dyspnea. A client has respiratory acidosis.

A client requires permanent ventilation.

A client reports rarely leaving the house since starting use of home oxygen. What education should the nurse provide to the client? Select all that apply. A portable oxygen device may be helpful. The client likely only needs time to adjust. Socialization is not as important for older adults. Friends and family can be invited to visit the client at home. The oxygen can be removed whenever the client leaves the home.

A portable oxygen device may be helpful. The client likely only needs time to adjust. Friends and family can be invited to visit the client at home.

A patient was admitted after a motor vehicle accident with multiple fractured ribs. Respiratory assessment includes signs/symptoms of secondary pneumothorax, which includes which of the following? A: Sharp pleuritic pain that worsens on inspiration B: Crackles over lung bases of affected lung C: Tracheal deviation toward the affected lung D: Increased diaphragmatic excursion on side of rib fractures

A: Sharp pleuritic pain that worsens on inspiration

The nurse is caring for a patient who exhibits labored breathing and uses accessory muscles. The patient has crackles in both lung bases and diminished breath sounds. Which would be priority assessments for the nurse to perform? (Select all that apply.) A: SpO2 levels B: Amount of sputum production C: Change in respiratory rate and pattern D: Pain in lower calf area

A: SpO2 levels B: Amount of sputum production C: Change in respiratory rate and pattern

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pneumonia. The nurse assesses the client for tactile fremitus by completing which action? Asking the client to repeat "ninety-nine" as the nurse's hands move down the client's thorax Asking the client to say "one, two, three" while the nurse auscultates the lungs Instructing the client to take a deep breath and hold it while the diaphragm is percussed Placing the thumbs along the costal margin of the chest wall and instructing the client to inhale deeply

Asking the client to repeat "ninety-nine" as the nurse's hands move down the client's thorax

The nurse is caring for a client with recurrent hemoptysis who has undergone a bronchoscopy. Immediately following the procedure, the nurse should complete which action? Ensure the client remains moderately sedated to decrease anxiety. Offer the client ice chips. Assess the client for a cough reflex. Instruct the client that bed rest must be maintained for 2 hours.

Assess the client for a cough reflex.

The ED nurse is assessing the respiratory function of a teenage girl who presented with acute shortness of breath. Auscultation reveals continuous wheezes during inspiration and expiration. This finding is most suggestive of what? Pleurisy Emphysema Asthma Pneumonia

Asthma

A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of severe left-sided heart failure. The nurse expects to auscultate which adventitious lung sounds? A: Sonorous wheezes in the left lower lung B: Rhonchi midsternum C: Crackles only in apex of lungs D: Inspiratory crackles in lung bases

C: Crackles only in apex of lungs

What finding by the nurse may indicate that the client has chronic hypoxia? Crackles Peripheral edema Clubbing of the fingers Cyanosis

Clubbing of the fingers

Which of the following statements made by a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching about suctioning a patient with an endotracheal tube? A: "Suctioning the patient requires sterile technique." B: "I'll apply suction while rotating and withdrawing the suction catheter." C: "I'll suction the mouth after I suction the endotracheal tube." D: "I'll instill 5 mL of normal saline into the tube before hyperoxygenating the patient."

D: "I'll instill 5 mL of normal saline into the tube before hyperoxygenating the patient."

A gerontologic nurse is analyzing the data from a client's focused respiratory assessment. The nurse is aware that the amount of respiratory dead space increases with age. What is the effect of this physiologic change? Increased diffusion of gases Decreased diffusion capacity for oxygen Decreased shunting of blood Increased ventilation

Decreased diffusion capacity for oxygen

After remaining in bed for 48 hours after surgery and dismissing nurses' encouragements to mobilize, a patient has begun to display the characteristic signs and symptoms of atelectasis. Because atelectasis is a health problem associated with decreased lung compliance, the nurse should understand that this patient is experiencing what pathophysiological phenomenon? Decreased expandability of the patient's lung tissue Decreased blood flow to the capillaries in the patient's alveoli Increased airway resistance A cessation of ventilation

Decreased expandability of the patient's lung tissue

The nurse is using an in-line suction kit to suction a patient who is intubated and on a mechanical ventilator. What benefits does inline suction have for the patient? (Select all that apply.) Decreases hypoxemia Decreases patient anxiety Sustains positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) Increases oxygen consumption Prevents aspiration

Decreases hypoxemia Decreases patient anxiety Sustains positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Grunting

Deep low pitched sound at the end of each respiration, chief sign of resp distress in infants/children

Pulmonary Function Tests

Determine the ability of the lungs to efficiently exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

The medical nurse who works on a pulmonology unit is aware that several respiratory conditions can affect lung tissue compliance. The presence of what condition would lead to an increase in lung compliance? Emphysema Pulmonary fibrosis Pleural effusion Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Emphysema

The nurse providing care for a client with Cushing syndrome has identified the nursing diagnosis of risk for injury related to weakness. How should the nurse best reduce this risk? Establish falls-prevention measures. Encourage bed rest whenever possible. Encourage the use of assistive devices. Provide constant supervision.

Establish falls-prevention measures.

External respiration Internal respiration

Exchange of O2 and co2 between the environment and an organism Exchange of O2 and co2 between the internal body fluids and individual cells

A client with a history of emphysema has been admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of her symptoms. The nurse is teaching the client to perform pursed-lip breathing in an effort to alleviate hypercarbia and shortness of breath. When performing pursed-lip breathing correctly, the client will do which of the following? Breathe at a rate of 22 to 26 breaths per minute. Inhale for twice as long as she exhales. Inhale through her lips and exhale through her nose. Exhale more slowly than she normally does.

Exhale more slowly than she normally does.

In which position should the client be placed for a thoracentesis? Prone Sitting on the edge of the bed Supine Lateral recumbent

Sitting on the edge of the bed

A nurse is assessing a client's respiratory system. Which alveolar cells secrete surfactant to reduce lung surface tension? Type I Type II Macrophages Type IV

Type II

Atelectasis

a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Diaphragmatic breathing

breathing that promotes the use of the diaphragm rather than the upper chest muscles. It is used to increase the volume of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration;requires the patient to relax the intercostal and accessory respiratory muscles while taking deep inspirations- it improves efficiency of breathing by decreasing air rapped and reducing the work of breathing

Pneumothorax

collection of air in the pleural space, caused by loss of negative intrapleural pressure

purse lip breathing

controlled ventilation in which the client consciously prolongs the expiration phase of breathing. This is another technique for improving gas exchange, which, if done correctly, helps clients eliminate more than the usual amount of carbon dioxide from the lungs.; used in copd

A client has been put on oxygen therapy because of low oxygen saturation levels in the blood. What should the nurse use to regulate the amount of oxygen delivered to the client? oxygen analyzer nasal strip nasal cannula flow meter

flow meter

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient with congestive heart failure. The nurse asks if the patient has difficulty breathing in any position other than upright. What is the nurse referring to? Dyspnea Orthopnea Tachypnea Bradypnea

orthopnea

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed humidified oxygen at 6 L/minute. Which type of liquid will the nurse gather to set up the humidifier? tap water normal saline distilled water mineral oil

distilled water

A client with no prior history of respiratory illness has been admitted to a postoperative unit following foot surgery. What intervention should the nurse prioritize in an effort to prevent postoperative pneumonia and atelectasis during this time of reduced mobility following surgery? educating the client on the use of incentive spirometry educating the client on pursed-lip breathing techniques oropharyngeal suctioning twice daily administration of inhaled corticosteroids

educating the client on the use of incentive spirometry

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client admitted with pneumonia. The nurse has determined that a priority nursing diagnosis for this client is Ineffective Airway Clearance related to copious and tenacious secretions. Based upon this nursing diagnosis, what is an appropriate nursing intervention to include in the client's care plan? encouraging the client to consume 2 to 3 qt (1.9 L to 2.9 L) of clear fluids daily creating an environment that is likely to reduce anxiety positioning the client supine encouraging the client to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked daily

encouraging the client to consume 2 to 3 qt (1.9 L to 2.9 L) of clear fluids daily

A client is being seen in the pediatric clinic for a middle ear infection. The client's mother reports that when the client develops an upper respiratory infection, an ear infection seems quick to follow. What contributes to this event? eustachian tubes genetics oropharynx epiglottis

eustachian tubes

if your patient has low PaO2, what does this mean

hypoxia partial pressure of oxygen

A client originally admitted for surgery has suffered multiple postoperative complications. The pulmonologist has scheduled a thoracentesis diagnostic purposes. What does serous fluid indicate? inflammation trauma infection emphysema

inflammation

Hypoventilation hyperventilation

occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide a state of ventilation in which the lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of a knifelike pain when taking a deep breath. What does this type of pain likely indicate to the nurse? Bacterial pneumonia Bronchogenic carcinoma Lung infarction Pleurisy

pleurisy

incentive spirometer

technique for deep breathing using a calibrated device, encourages clients to reach a goal-directed volume of inspired air. Insert the mouthpiece, sealing it between the lips. • Inhale slowly and deeply until the predetermined volume has been reached. • Hold the breath for 3-6 seconds. • Remove the mouthpiece and exhale normally. • Relax and breathe normally before the next breath with the spirometer. • Repeat the exercise 10-20 times per hour while awake or as prescribed by the physician.

deep breathing

technique for maximizing ventilation. Taking in a large volume of air fills alveoli to a greater capacity, thus improving gas exchange. Deep breathing is therapeutic for clients who tend to breathe shallowly, such as those who are inactive or in pain.

what happens if you give a COPD pt too much oxygen

the stimulus to breathe is negated; resulting in hypoventilation; can lead to respiratory arrest