Unit Test: Cultural Reflections in Art and Artifacts 100% ALL CORRECT

Here's a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor: Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render such return unnecessary, by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific overtures contained in the president's letter . . . This was textbook gunboat diplomacy, and it worked. Japanese resistance melted, and very quickly the Japanese embraced the new economic model, becoming energetic players in the international markets they had been forced to join. They began to think differently about the sea that surrounded them, and their awareness of the possible opportunities in the world beyond grew fast. What type of outside source does MacGregor use in this excerpt? a college textbook a newspaper article a historical letter a Japanese website

a historical letter

A summary of an informational text must show the relationship between the author's viewpoint and the insignificant details. information presented. illustrations provided. important characters

information presented.

What must students use when summarizing an informational text? Check all that apply. a casual tone informal language academic language an objective, formal tone a variety of sentence types

- - x x x

A source is a(n) an author can use to research and develop ideas in an informational text.

outside publication

An author's viewpoint is the way in which he or she .

perceives a topic

What factors affect an author's viewpoint? Check all that apply the author's knowledge the author's publisher the author's opinion the author's worldview the author's experience the author's illustrations

x - x x x -

Which statement expresses a viewpoint? At the top of the lighthouse is a small museum. Every child should visit an art history museum. A new Japanese paper exhibit has opened at the museum. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is New York's largest museum.

Every child should visit an art history museum.

What could be more domestic, more unremarkable, more British, than a nice cup of tea? You could of course put the question the other way round and ask what could be less British than a cup of tea, given that tea is made from plants grown in India or China and often sweetened by sugar from the Caribbean. It is one of the ironies of British national identity - or perhaps it says everything about our national identity - that the drink which has become the worldwide caricature of Britishness has nothing indigenous about it, but is the result of centuries of global trade and a complex imperial history. What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? Indian tea is more delicious than tea from China. Drinking tea is very popular in the Caribbean. Many people around the world now drink tea, but Britain was the one to make it popular. It is ironic that tea is the symbol of Britain when tea does not come from Britain at all.

It is ironic that tea is the symbol of Britain when tea does not come from Britain at all.

In the early nineteenth century Japan had been effectively closed off from the world for 200 years. It had simply opted out of the community of nations. Kings are burning somewhere, Wheels are turning somewhere, Trains are being run, Wars are being won, Things are being done Somewhere out there, not here. Here we paint screens. Yes . . . the arrangement of the screens. This is Stephen Sondheim's musical tableau of the secluded and calmly self-contained country in 1853, just before American gunships forced its harbours to open to the world. It is a witty caricature of the dreamy and aesthetic Japanese, serenely painting screens while across the seas Europe and America industrialize and political turmoil rages. What type of outside source does MacGregor use in this excerpt? college textbook magazine article musical lyrics historical website

musical lyrics

This is quite clearly mid-range pottery, simple earthenware of a sort that many quite modest British households were then able to afford. But the owners of this particular set must have had serious social aspirations, because all three pieces have been decorated with a drape of lacy hallmarked silver. The historian Celina Fox explains that tea-time had become a very smart event: In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock, that it was a bit of a gap for the British tummy between lunchtime and evening. For a while there was a revival of tea-drinking, as a sort of meal for sandwiches and so forth, around four o'clock. Which line is a direct quotation from an external source? "This is quite clearly mid-range pottery, simple earthenware of a sort that many quite modest British households were then able to afford." "But the owners of this particular set must have had serious social aspirations, because all three pieces have been decorated with a drape of lacy hallmarked silver." "The historian Celina Fox explains that tea-time had become a very smart event . . ." "In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock . . ."

"In the 1840s the Duchess of Bedford introduces the ritual of afternoon tea, because by this time dinner had become so late, seven-thirty to eight o'clock . . ."

The Japanologist Donald Keene, from Columbia University, sees the wave as a metaphor for the changes in Japanese society: The Japanese have a word for insular which is literally the mental state of the people living on islands: shimaguni konjo. Shimaguni is 'island nations' konjo is 'character'. The idea is they are surrounded by water and, unlike the British Isles, which were in sight of the continent, are far away. The uniqueness of Japan is often brought up as a great virtue. A new change of interest in the world, breaking down the classical barriers, begins to emerge. I think the interest in waves suggests the allure of going elsewhere, the possibility of finding new treasures outside Japan, and some Japanese at this time secretly wrote accounts of why Japan should have colonies in different parts of the world in order to augment their own riches. The Great Wave, like the other images in the series, was printed in at least 5,000 impressions, possibly as many as 8,000, and we know that in 1842 the price of a single sheet was officially fixed at 16 mon, the equivalent of a double helping of noodles. This was cheap, popular art; but when printed in such quantities, to exquisite technical standards, it could be highly profitable. Which line is a direct quotation from an external source? "The Japanologist Donald Keene, from Columbia University, sees the wave as a metaphor for the changes in Japanese society . . ." "The Japanese have a word for insular which is literally the mental state of the people living on islands: shimaguni konjo." "The Great Wave, like the other images in the series, was printed in at least 5,000 impressions, possibly as many as 8,000 . . ." "This was cheap, popular art; but when printed in such quantities, to exquisite technical standards, it could be highly profitable."

"The Japanese have a word for insular which is literally the mental state of the people living on islands: shimaguni konjo."

Which excerpt from Early Victorian Tea Set best expresses MacGregor's viewpoint about tea? "[W]hat could be less British than a cup of tea, given that tea is made from plants grown in India or China and often sweetened by sugar from the Caribbean." "[T]he drink which has become the worldwide caricature of Britishness has nothing indigenous about it, but is the result of centuries of global trade and a complex imperial history." "[R]uling classes had a real interest in promoting tea drinking among the growing urban population, who were poor, vulnerable to disease and perceived as prone to disorderly drunkenness." "[S]laves in the Americas worked on sugar plantations, the start of the long and terrible triangular trade that carried European goods to Africa."

"[T]he drink which has become the worldwide caricature of Britishness has nothing indigenous about it, but is the result of centuries of global trade and a complex imperial history."

But a loving, tranquil cup of tea has a violent hinterland. When all tea came into Europe from China, the British East India Company traded opium for silver and used that silver to buy tea. The trade was so important that it brought the two countries to war. The first of the conflicts, which we still refer to as the Opium Wars - they were in fact just as much about tea - broke out more or less as our teapot was leaving the Wedgwood factory. Partly because of these difficulties with China, in the 1830s the British set up plantations in the area around Calcutta and Indian tea was exempted from import duty to encourage demand. What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? England's demand for tea encouraged international cooperation. England's demand for tea caused conflict around the world. Britain planted tea in China because Britain was at war with India. Britain traded silver to buy tea, which resulted in high taxes.

England's demand for tea caused conflict around the world.

As it got cheaper, tea also spread rapidly to the working classes. By 1800, as foreigners remarked, it was the new national drink. By 1900 the average tea consumption per person in Britain was a staggering 6 lbs (3 kilograms) a year. In 1809 the Swede Erik Gustav Geijer commented: Next to water, tea is the Englishman's proper element. All classes consume it . . . in the morning one may see in many places small tables set up under the open sky, around which coal-carters and workmen empty their cups of delicious beverage. How does Geijer's comment support MacGregor's point? It describes the way tea became popular in Great Britain. It shows how many wars were started as tea became desired. It illustrates the popularity of tea in Britain during the 1800s. It argues that tea is not originally from Great Britain.

It illustrates the popularity of tea in Britain during the 1800s.

So our tea set is really a three-piece social history of nineteenth-century Britain. It is also a lens through which historians such as Linda Colley can look at a large part of the history of the world: It does underline how much empire, consciously or not, eventually impacts on everybody in this country. If in the nineteenth century you are sitting at a mahogany table drinking tea with sugar, you are linked to virtually every continent on the globe. You are linked with the Royal Navy, which is guarding the sea routes between these continents, you are linked with this great tentacular capital machinery through which the British control so many parts of the world and ransack them for commodities, including commodities that can be consumed by the ordinary civilian at home. Which is the best summary of this excerpt? The tea set has always been an important part of British life. The tea set has become more valuable through the years. MacGregor believes the antique tea set to be a symbol of British history. He includes a quotation from a historian to support his point. MacGregor believes that the antique tea set belonged to the Royal Navy. He quotes a historian to prove his theory.

MacGregor believes the antique tea set to be a symbol of British history. He includes a quotation from a historian to support his point.

Which line would be best to include in a summary of "Hokusai's The Great Wave"? You can only really appreciate Japanese art by going to Tokyo. Japanese art is so fascinating to me, and The Great Wave is a favorite. MacGregor explains that The Great Wave symbolizes Japan's changing position in the world. MacGregor is absolutely correct in his opinions about the woodblock print and its deeper meaning.

MacGregor explains that The Great Wave symbolizes Japan's changing position in the world.

Which line would be best to include in a summary of "Early Victorian Tea Set"? British citizens should not have been so aggressive when planting tea in India. Do you like to drink tea? Me, too! This chapter is about tea in Great Britain. I disagree with MacGregor's opinion that the quest for tea caused much violence worldwide. MacGregor shows that the British desire for tea changed many nations around the world.

MacGregor shows that the British desire for tea changed many nations around the world.

Hokusai has taken more than colour from the West - he has also borrowed the conventions of European perspective to push Mount Fuji far into the distance. It is clear that Hokusai must have studied European prints, which the Dutch had imported into Japan and which circulated among artists and collectors. So The Great Wave, far from being the quintessence of Japan, is a hybrid work, a fusion of European materials and conventions with a Japanese sensibility. No wonder this image has been so loved in Europe: it is an exotic relative, not a complete stranger. What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? Hokusai uses Japanese painting techniques in The Great Wave. Hokusai uses the wave to represent Japanese culture. The Great Wave is popular because it is a classic example of traditional Japanese art. The Great Wave is popular because it includes both Japanese and European elements.

The Great Wave is popular because it includes both Japanese and European elements.

So The Great Wave, far from being the quintessence of Japan, is a hybrid work, a fusion of European materials and conventions with a Japanese sensibility. No wonder this image has been so loved in Europe: it is an exotic relative, not a complete stranger. It also, I think, shows a peculiarly Japanese ambivalence. As a viewer, you have no place to stand, no footing. You too must be in a boat, under the Great Wave, and in danger. The dangerous sea over which European things and ideas travelled has, however, been drawn with a profound ambiguity. What is the author's viewpoint in this excerpt? The Great Wave was created using European techniques. The Great Wave was created using Japanese materials. The Great Wave represents feelings of contentment in Japanese culture. The Great Wave represents feelings of ambivalence in Japanese culture.

The Great Wave represents feelings of ambivalence in Japanese culture.

Among the upper classes, tea had been popular since before 1700. It received celebrity endorsement from Charles II's queen, Catherine of Braganza, and from Queen Anne. It came from China, it was expensive, refreshingly bitter and drunk in tiny cups without milk or sugar. People kept their tea in locked tea caddies, as if it were a drug; for those who could afford it, it often was. In the 1750s Samuel Johnson confessed himself a happy addict: A hardened and shameless tea drinker, who has for twenty years diluted his meals with only the infusion of this fascinating plant, whose kettle scarcely has time to cool, who with Tea amuses the evening, with Tea solaces the midnights, and with Tea welcomes the morning. Which is the best summary of this excerpt? The author explains how tea was popular among the upper class. He quotes Samuel Johnson to illustrate its popularity. The author explains how addictive tea can become. He quotes Samuel Johnson to warn against tea addiction. Tea is bitter but can be improved with milk and sugar. Tea should be locked in caddies for a longer shelf life.

The author explains how tea was popular among the upper class. He quotes Samuel Johnson to illustrate its popularity.

But there are other ways of reading Hokusai's Great Wave. Look a little closer and you see that the beautiful wave is about to engulf three boats with frightened fishermen, and Mount Fuji is so small that you, the spectator, share the feeling that the sailors in the boats must have as they look to shore - it's unreachable, and you are lost. This is, I think, an image of instability and uncertainty. The Great Wave tells us about Japan's state of mind as it stood on the threshold of the modern world, which the US was soon going to force it to join. Which is the best summary of this excerpt? The author suggests that The Great Wave is a symbol of Japan as it entered into international trade. The author describes the fishing boats and fishers included in the woodblock print. Japan was an isolated nation until The Great Wave became popular. Japanese art is the most expensive and beautiful in the world.

The author suggests that The Great Wave is a symbol of Japan as it entered into international trade.

Among the upper classes, tea had been popular since before 1700. It received celebrity endorsement from Charles II's queen, Catherine of Braganza, and from Queen Anne. It came from China, it was expensive, refreshingly bitter and drunk in tiny cups without milk or sugar. People kept their tea in locked tea caddies, as if it were a drug; for those who could afford it, it often was. In the 1750s Samuel Johnson confessed himself a happy addict: A hardened and shameless tea drinker, who has for twenty years diluted his meals with only the infusion of this fascinating plant, whose kettle scarcely has time to cool, who with Tea amuses the evening, with Tea solaces the midnights, and with Tea welcomes the morning. MacGregor's main purpose in providing the quote is to explain why only the upper classes could afford to drink tea. express his viewpoint on the importance of drinking tea often. illustrate how celebrities preferred their tea with sugar and milk. support his statement that people locked away their tea like it was a drug.

support his statement that people locked away their tea like it was a drug.

In the early nineteenth century Japan had been effectively closed off from the world for 200 years. It had simply opted out of the community of nations. Kings are burning somewhere, Wheels are turning somewhere, Trains are being run, Wars are being won, Things are being done Somewhere out there, not here. Here we paint screens. Yes . . . the arrangement of the screens. This is Stephen Sondheim's musical tableau of the secluded and calmly self-contained country in 1853, just before American gunships forced its harbours to open to the world. It is a witty caricature of the dreamy and aesthetic Japanese, serenely painting screens while across the seas Europe and America industrialize and political turmoil rages. What is the purpose of the outside source used in this excerpt? to illustrate Japan's isolation in the 1800s to educate readers about Japanese screens to introduce readers to a musical by Stephen Sondheim to argue against American aggressiveness

to illustrate Japan's isolation in the 1800s

Here's a snatch of the letter from the president of the United States that Perry delivered to the Japanese emperor: Many of the large ships-of-war destined to visit Japan have not yet arrived in these seas, and the undersigned, as an evidence of his friendly intentions, has brought but four of the smaller ones, designing, should it become necessary, to return to Edo in the ensuing spring with a much larger force. But it is expected that the government of your imperial majesty will render such return unnecessary, by acceding at once to the very reasonable and pacific overtures contained in the president's letter . . . This was textbook gunboat diplomacy, and it worked. Japanese resistance melted, and very quickly the Japanese embraced the new economic model, becoming energetic players in the international markets they had been forced to join. They began to think differently about the sea that surrounded them, and their awareness of the possible opportunities in the world beyond grew fast. What is the purpose of the outside source used in this excerpt? to show how strongly the American president insisted Japan participate in international trade to show how the Japanese government isolated the country from trade with other nations to educate readers about traditional art in Japan to educate readers about American ships near Japan

to show how strongly the American president insisted Japan participate in international trade