UNIT TWO --- CHAPTER SIXTEEN -- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM --- HOMEWORK ----PART A

At which point has the hormone bound to its intracellular receptor but not yet entered the nucleus?

B

Which of these glands is responsible for regulating minerals in the body but is also part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

C

Which of the following is NOT involved in elevating blood calcium concentration?

Calcitonin

Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce

Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference?

It does not require a second messenger to cause a response

Which of these statements about the pineal gland is false?

It is controlled by adenohypophysis

Which of the following is NOT representative of endocrine glands?

They have ducts.

Type II diabetes is characterized by:

a lack of response by target cells to insulin

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

adenoid

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

adrenal (suprarenal)

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone.

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone.

What is the primary function of hormones?

alter cell activity

Which of these regulatory substances does the kidney not secrete?

angiotensin

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

angiotensin.

Which cells are correctly matched to the hormones they produce?

beta cells; insulin

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?

blood-glucose concentration

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucose

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-based hormones?

calcium

The suprarenal medulla produces

catecholamines.

The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

contain four types of endocrine cells.

Which of these is not a steroid hormone produced by the gonads?

cortisol

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is

cortisol.

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

cortisol.

Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in

decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose.

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces

digestive enzymes

Which of these is not produced by pancreatic islet cells?

digestive enzymes

Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?

direct control of the nervous system

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

epidermis of the integumentary system.

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

epinephrine

The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is

epinephrine.

Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

Which of these statements about melatonin is false?

exposure to light stimulates production

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by

failure of electrolyte balance

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released.

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon.

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon; insulin

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?

glucocorticoids

Cushing disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids.

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the

glucocorticoids.

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

hormones

Eicosanoids do NOT include ________.

hydrocortisones

A rise in blood glucose level will trigger all these responses except __________.

increased epinephrine secretion

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may be caused by

increased levels of melatonin

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in all of the following, except

increased urine production

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is

inhibin.

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise,

insulin is released.

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

insulin.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is

insulin.

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland, except that it

is a component of the hypothalamus.

Adipose cells produce a hormone called __________ that acts on the brain to reduce food intake.

leptin

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

lipid reserves are mobilized

What property of a hormone would allow it to pass unassisted through a plasma membrane?

lipid-soluble

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

Hormones often interact in an integrative way. Examples of this include all of the following except __________.

lowering blood sugar by insulin

Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by converting enzymes in the

lungs.

Pinealocytes produce

melatonin.

Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are:

mineralocorticoids

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is

mobilization of energy reserves.

The __________ gland secretes melatonin.

pineal

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

Melatonin is secreted by __________.

pinealocytes

A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes

progesterone.

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

resistance

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.

second messengers

Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of these hormones?

sex hormones

The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

somatostatin.

Which of the following is NOT a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

stimulates production of an action potential

John tells you that cholesterol is bad and should be eliminated from the diet. You explain to him that cholesterol is important. Which of the following hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?

testosterone

Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes?

testosterone

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

testosterone.

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ

The heart is known to secrete all of the following hormones, except

thymosin and thyroxine.

The hormones that are important for coordinating the immune response are

thymosins.

What amino acid-based hormone uses the direct gene activation method illustrated in this image?

thyroxine

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the suprarenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, to grow extensive body hair, and to stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the

zona reticularis

The currently recognized normal range of blood-glucose is:

70 - 110 mg/dl

Identify the thyroid gland

A

Which of the following would activate secretion of a hormone from this gland?

A fall in the blood glucose concentration

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except

ACTH levels.

Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes

Addison disease.

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

All of the answers are correct.

Proper growth requires which of these hormones?

All of the answers are correct.

The kidneys secrete

All of the answers are correct.

The primary target(s) of insulin is/are

All of the answers are correct.

Which of these hormones is required for normal growth?

All of these hormones are required for normal growth

Identify the pancreas.

D

Which of the following could occur with a hypersecreting tumor of this gland?

Elevation of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration

All amino acid based hormones are lipid soluble and can cross the plasma membrane.

False

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones

False

Steroid hormones are synthesized from amino acids.

False

The benefit of using a second messenger signaling system is rapid speed of communication.

False

Which phase of the General Adaptation System is illustrated in this image?

Resistance phase

Which of these statements about the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome is not true?

The dominant hormone is epinephrine