Units 1-5 AP World History
The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following? A)spread of Hinduism B) spread of Christianity C) extent of trade routes D) seasonal migrations of nomads
C)extent of trade routes
The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s? A) Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa. B) State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories. C) The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states. d) Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest.
A) Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.
Which of the following states in the period 1450-1750 adopted a religious policy that was most different from the religious policy expressed in Source 2? A) The Mughal Empire under Akbar B) The Safavid Empire under Shah Ismail I C) The Ottoman Empire D) The Tokugawa Shogunate
A) The Mughal Empire under Akbar
The Ottoman Empire's recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450-1750? A) The collection of tribute B) establishment of religious uniformity C) Abolition of feudal privileges D) the granting of autonomy to minority groups
A) The collection of tribute
Which of the following best describes the author's argument in the first paragraph? A) The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for enslaved people justified. B) Barbadian enslaved people are punished more leniently than those working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands. C) Plantation owners who punish enslaved people too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly. D) The punishments of enslaved people in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island.
A) The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for enslaved people justified.
Which of the following has the greatest manufacturing capacity during the time period 1000 to 1450? A) Japan B) India C) China D) Western Europe E) Russia
C. China
The report's position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in light of the authors' goal to A) secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade B) highlight the gender and family imbalances created by the slave trade C) recommend that the company expand its operations to the Indian Ocean and the spice islands of Southeast Asia D) offer a comparison between the profitability of East African versus West African slave trade routes
A) secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade
The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent? A) the Mongol empire B) the Russian empire C) the Byzantium empire D) the Ottoman Empire
A) the mongol empire
The map above indicates that A) Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade B) europeans had begun to make inroads in west Africa C) Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East D) Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold
A)Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade
The religious differences between Ibn Sina and his father, as described in the first paragraph, most directly reflect the legacy of which of the following? A) A dispute over the legal status of non-muslims B) A dispute over who was the rightful caliph C) A dispute over water the Qur'an was literally the word of God D) A dispute over whether Mecca or Jerusalem was the holiest city in the Islamic world
B) A dispute over who was the rightful caliph
B) The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain
B) hostile to the peasants
The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox's impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans? A) Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority B) Evidence from population genetics C) Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs D) Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue
C) Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs
Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period1450-1750? A) It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew. B) It led to the emergence of new religious disputes over theological interpretations. C) It led to the establishment of pan-Eurasian nomadic empires, such as the Mongol Empire. D) It led to the adoption of feudal systems of government, as monarchs could not prevent the rising power of military aristocracies.
A) It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew.
In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments? A) Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords B) Local elites' desire to expand the commercial power of local towns C) Local elites' need for military assistance to eliminate religious heresies D) Local elites' desire to attract new settler to their territories
A) Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire's territorial expansion in South Asia? A) The Mughals' adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons B) The Mughals' adoption of Sikhism C) The Mughals' friendly relations with neighboring states, such as the Safavid Empire and Tibet D) The Mughal emperors' claims that they were directly descended from Genghis Khan
A) The Mughals' adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons
The map above indicates that A) Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade B) slavery existed in the western Sudan C) europeans had begun to make inroads in west Africa D) Mali remained isolated from Europe in the Middle East E) Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold
A)Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade
The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT A) many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it the English settlers tried to help the Native B) Americans who were afflicted with smallpox C) the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease D) smallpox was widespread among Native Americans
B) Americans who were afflicted with smallpox
The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe? A) It's bureaucratization, as Europe rulers developed sophisticated systems of record keeping to strengthen their authority B) It decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinate C) Its reliance on Roman traditions, as European rulers used ancient customs to demonstrate their legitimacy D) Its ethnic and cultural diversity, as European rulers granted ethnic and religious groups the right to use their own laws and traditions
B) It decentralization, as European rulers frequently delegated authority to local subordinate
The contractors described in the passage are an example of which of the following? A) Traditional elites attempting to subvert imperial authority B) New elites recruited to generate increased revenue after imperial conquests C)Representatives intended to make the central government more responsive to local issues D) Professionalized military administrators who centralized land-based empires
B) New elites recruited to generate increased revenue after imperial conquests
The description of the peasant revolt best supports which of the following conclusions? A) Peasants were hostile to the idea of wage labor B) Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance C) Peasants demands for equality were supported by the highest levels of religious leaders D) Peasants revolts were more frequent in England than elsewhere in this period
B) Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance
Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? A) That Hangzhou had a large population B) That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities C) That the merchants of Hangzhou imported good from many other places D) That Hangzhou had a large market district
B) That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities
Which of following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his arguments about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction? A) The Inca rulers constructed roads to help complete conquests B) The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly C) The Inca rulers clearly marked their kingdom with boundaries D) The Inca rulers could acquire specialized tools to cut through mountains
B) The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly
Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century? A) The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not. B) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not. C) The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not. D) The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion
B) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.
Which of the following developments in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries most directly helps to explain the presence of the scholars shown in the image of China? A) The Inquisition led to the expulsion of enemies of the Catholic Church from Europe. B) The Protestant Reformation led the Catholic Church to seek new converts outside of Europe. C) The wars of religion led many to question the role of religion in European society. D) The expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe led many to leave their homes as refugees
B) The Protestant Reformation led the Catholic Church to seek new converts outside of Europe
A historian would most likely cite which of the following claims made in the second paragraph to demonstrate that Hindu teaching influenced the development of south Asian societies? A) There is no agriculture left because Indra now supports the Muslims B) The absence of dharma had cause nobleness and character to disappear C) The Hindu citizens of Madurai are perturbed by hearing parrots speaking Persian D) The Hindu citizens of Madurai protect the owls in their gardens because they are considered to be sacred birds
B) The absence of dharma had cause nobleness and character to disappear
A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of protestant claims that the Catholic Church A) had not adequately, supported earlier crusades against blossoms in the holy land B) had become corrupted by power C) had become too heavily influenced by renaissance humanism D) had failed to convert Muslims living in Europe to Christianity
B) had become corrupted by power
The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by A) increased Asian demand for food imports B) increased European demand for luxury goods C) increased China maritime activity in the Indian Ocean D)increased demand for precious metals within European colonies in the Americas
B) increased European demand for luxury goods
The spread of new cultural ideas, such as those illustrated by the religious beliefs of Xu Guangxi and Candida Xu, most strongly encouraged some Asian governments in Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 to A) expand educational opportunities for the lower classes B) limit trade and other contacts with foreigners C) advocate for the peaceful settlement of existing religious conflicts D) develop national joint-stock companies
B) limit trade and other contacts with foreigners
Which of the following best explains a development in the trans Saharan trade networks in the period 1200-1450? A) the networks became more dangerous because of religious conflict between Christians and Muslims states B) the geographic range of the networks increased because of improve commercial practices C) the networks were increasingly disrupted because of the growing importance of maritime commerce D) the value of merchandise along the networks increased because of demand for silver and bronze from Muslim states in north Africa, and the Middle East
B) the geographic range of the networks increased because of improve commercial practices
The particular routes and timings of the voyages depicted on the maps best reflect which of the following characteristics of Omani merchants? A)their Islamic ritual observances, which made travel difficult during the fasting period of Ramadan B) their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns C) Their need to avoid the routes traveled by the faster and better-armed Portuguese trading ships D) Their control of the sources of grain needed by Chinese and East African cities
B) their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns
The breakup of the Mongol empire in two separate khanates during the mid thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments? A) the spread of the bubonic plague following the expansion of trade along the silk roads weakened the Mongol, empire, demographically, and militarily B) Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties, and made it difficult to establish long lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war C) rebellions in China overthrew Mongol rule there and led to the re-establishment of Han Chinese rule under the Ming dynasty D) the attempts of Mongol rulers to force their subjects to convert to Islam led to widespread rebellions in central and east Asia
B)Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties, and made it difficult to establish long lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war
Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 is best understood as a response trends shown in the table? A)The creation of divine-right theories of monarchy B)The creation of larger state bureaucracies C)The emergence of tribute collection as a form of taxation D)The emergence of banking systems
B)The creation of larger state bureaucracies
Which of the following would best support the author's claim regarding the rise of the great African empires during "Africa's golden age" made in the passage? A) the founding of the mamluk sultanate in Egypt by rebels B) The growth of Mali resulting from the profits of the gold and salt trade C) The spread of Islamic theories of government along trans-scharan trade routes D) The Portuguese exploration and founding of trading posts on the west African coast
B)The growth of Mali resulting from the profits of the gold and salt trade
Which of the following factors contributed the most to Omani traders' ability to undertake the voyages depicted on the maps? A) the strong backing for the voyages by the caliphate B) navigational and maritime innovations, such as the astrolabe and lateen sail C) the spread of Arabic as the language of commerce in the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and western Indian Ocean basins D) innovations in agriculture, such as the qanat and the nova, which allowed the omani population to increase rapidly.
B)navigational and maritime innovations, such as the astrolabe and lateen sail
The mortality depicted in the image was directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? A) the end of feudalism B) the decline of serfdom C) the collapse of the Byzantine empire D) the protestant reformation
B)the decline of serfdom
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the mongol empire following the death of genghis khan? A) the collapse of Byzantine empire B) the development of khanates in Central Asia C) The spread of Islam into East Asia D) increased trade between Africa and Asia
B)the development of khanates in Central Asia
Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol empire upon silk Road long-distance trade? A) the silk road trade declined because the Mongol merchants preferred to use maritime long distance trade networks instead B) the silk road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect regions of Eurasia economically and commercially C) the silk road trade was not affected by the Mongol conquest, because the tribal and nomadic nature of Mongol society meant that Mongol demand for luxury goods was virtually nonexistent D) the silk road trade collapsed, following the Mongol conquests because most trading cities along the silk roads were destroyed and never recovered
B)the silk road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect regions of Eurasia economically and commercially
The passage by al-Khatib best illustrates which of the following? A) The literary tradition of long-distance travelers in the Islamic world B) The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain C) The impact of Christian attempts to reconquer Spain from the Muslims D) The efforts of Islamic missionaries to spread their faith along trade routes
B. The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain
The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ? A) Attempts by imperial states to expand their economic power B) Attempts by imperial states to prevent religious conflict C) Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority D) Attempts by imperial states to control population growth
C) Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority
In the period 1000 to 1450, which of the following developments partially resulted from knowledge of Greek science and technology? A) Japanese temple design in Kyoto B) Christian theology in the Roman Empire C) Islamic medical books in Baghdad D) Mongol military tactics in Central Asian E) Inca bridge design in the Andes
C) Islamic medical books in Baghdad
Which of the following was an important continuity in the social structure of states and empires in the period 600 B.C.E. to 1450 C.E.? A) Peasants were generally free of obligations to the states B) Wealthy merchants dominated political institutions C) Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class D) Urban craft workers played a substantial role in government
C) Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class
Which of the following was most responsible for the initial spread of Islam to west Africa? A)Soldiers who fought on behalf of the Abbasid caliphate B) Officials in Sudanese empires C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes D) Muslims fleeing persecution on the Iberian peninsula
C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes
The trends in military personnel and state revenue shown in the table are best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local elites in the period 1450-1750? A)States often relied on local elites to supervise provincial administration. B) Local elites began looking to the state to provide titles that demonstrated their legitimacy. C) States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites. D) Local elites began to command their own military forces.
C) States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites.
Which of the following most accurately describes Bernier's main argument concerning Mughal administration? A)The Mughal government functioned more efficiently than the government of France. B) The Mughal government discouraged reckless spending by imposing high tax rates. C) The Mughal government's practice of tax farming was not an effective means of promoting economic growth. D) The Mughals government's tolerance of large scale important of precious metals weakened the empire's economy
C) The Mughal government's practice of tax farming was not an effective means of promoting economic growth.
The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments? A)The growing political influence of religious scholars at the Ottoman court B)The granting of substantial religious and legal autonomy to Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire C) The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East D) The decline of the importance of the Janissaries in the Ottoman army
C) The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East
The increased food production accompanying the introduction of Champa rice into China from Vietnam during the eleventh century best illustrates which off the following? A) The reliance of China on food imports B) The importance of Vietnam to the world economy C) The stimulation of agriculture by technological innovation D) The influence of China on neighboring societies
C) The stimulation of agriculture by technological innovation
The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history? A) While some states sought to impose religious uniformity on their populations, others embraced religious syncretism. B) While some states used religion to legitimize their power, others used military or bureaucratic means. C) While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity. D) While some states allowed for numerous official religions, others recognized only one official religion.
C) While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.
The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company's directors in the letter can best be described as A) evenhanded in describing the benefits and detriments of various proposed options to the States General B) shaped by views of European cultural and religious superiority over African peoples, which the States General representatives would have been likely to share C) dismissive in its evaluation of the military and strategic importance of the kingdom of Kongo to the Netherlands D) seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially
D) seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially
In the period 600 CE to 1450 CE merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in south east, Asia and Jews, and the Mediterranean had which of the following in common? A) they generally imposed their own languages on the local communities B) they generally became military outposts that facilitated the expansion of empires C) they generally lost touch with their homelands and merged with the local population D) they generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures
D) they generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures
A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to A) promote religious war against fellow Christians B) encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence C) demonstrate that an individual's destiny was predetermined by God D) reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings
D) reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings
Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Hinduism to what is now called A) Japan B) Brazil C) Pakistan D) Indonesia E) Saudi Arabia
D)Indonesia
The purpose of Ibn battuta's account was mostly likely to A) glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in southeast Asia B) warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean C) encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce D) inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
D)inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
Based on Ibn battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a A) Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profit should be given greater consideration hat religious purity B) Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence C) Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion D) sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
D)sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
Which of the following factors helps explain the rise of urban centers and the increase in trade an Afro Eurasia during the second half of the thirteenth century? A) the increase in all forms of coerced labor to build housing B) the decline of the Mongol khanates across Asia C) the re-opening of Indian ocean trade networks by Chinese explorers D) the availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
D)the availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
The relationship between level of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450-1750? A) As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to devel ways to generate revenue. B) As agricultural technology became more advanced, less people were needed to farm and n people were able to be enrolled in state militaries. C) As commercial profits and urbanization increased, states were able to obtain more revenue D) As states expanded their territories, they were able to acquire access to more natural resources
A) As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue
Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph? A) Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River B) Wild animal destroyed Madurai Hindu temple C) The Kaveri River flooded and destroyed the city of Madurai D) The city of Madurai's Hindu temple was renowned for its beauty
A) Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River
All of the following developments in song dynasty China were important factors in the accumulation of wealth outlined in the first paragraph EXCEPT A) Increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade B) An increase in agricultural production in China C) Increased Chinese production of manufactured goods D) An increase in technological innovations in China
A) Increased Chinese involvement in the Indian Ocean trade
As described in the passage, the cultural influences in Bukhara are mostly directly. Legacy of which of the following? A) Interactions between Muslims and Hindus following the spread of Islam into northern India B) The influence of Chinese culture and statecraft in the early caliphates C) Cross-cultural interactions following the spread of the Safavid empire D) The role of Western European merchants in bringing classical Greco-Roman knowledge to the Muslim world
A) Interactions between Muslims and Hindus following the spread of Islam into northern India
Which of the following statement regarding the tenets of Islam is accurate? A) Islam is a monotheistic religion B) Muslims worship Muhammad C) Pilgrimage to Mecca commemorates the both of Muhammad D) The Qur'an is meant to supplement Jewish and Christian scriptures E) Friday is an obligatory day of rest for Muslims
A) Islam is a monotheistic religion
Which of the following best describes the authors claim about the Chinese examination system in the second paragraph? A) The system provided limited but important opportunities for social advancement ,ent in Chinese society B) The system strongly reinforced rigid class distinctions between nobles and commoners in Chinese society C) By offering opportunities to female scholars, the system elevated the prestige of women in Chinese society D) By encouraging conformism and obedience, the system prevented efforts to reform and modernize Chinese society in the nineteenth century
A) The system provided limited but important opportunities for social advancement in Chinese society
Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography, it is most likely that the information in the passage might be A) overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque B) understating the extent of Ottoman royal support for the building of the mosque C) overstating Christian architects' achievements and their contributions to the building on the mosque D) intentionally attributing the building of the mosque to Sinan even though he was not the architect
A) overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque
Which of the following best explains why in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro Eurasia, than any in rural or mountainous regions? A) the disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas B) people in rural and mountainous regions had greater access to natural medicines that could fight the disease C) people in rural and mountainous regions, were better able to flee to the safety of their lords' castles D) the disease, principally spread among religious missionaries, and most missionaries traveled to cities
A) the disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas
Malian emperor mansa musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can be best understood in the context of which of the following? A) the expansion of Islam throughout Afro Eurasia B) the development of new transportation technologies C) the diffusion of African culture to the Middle East D) the territorial expansion of west African empires
A) the expansion of Islam throughout Afro Eurasia
A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial s in the period circa 1450-1750 continued to A) use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies B) prefer to resolve interstate conflicts through warfare rather than through diplomatic means C) patronize religious establishments and preside over religious ceremonies D)seek to unite forces to prevent the spread of secular ideas
A) use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies
Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim's letter? A)The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East. B) Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires developed extensive trade connections with European and states in the Indian Ocean region. C) Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires made use of gunpowder weapons in the course of the territorial expansion. D) The Ottoman and Safavid empires brought a high degree of centralization to parts of southv that had been politically fragmented before.
A)The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia? A) The mongol expansion from Central Asia to china, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East B) The consolidation of western European monarchies C) the spread of Buddhism from Central Asia to China D) the population decline and the outbreak of peasant revolts in Eastern
A)The mongol expansion from Central Asia to china, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the political systems in Western Europe and China during the time period 1000-1300? A)Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire B) Developments in the legal systems of China emphasized individual political rights, while Western Europe concentrated on maritime law C) Both societies began an aggressive policy of imperialism and territorial expansion D) Both societies gradually adopted a representative democratic system E) Both regions experienced Mongol imperial rule
A)Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while China maintained a single empire
Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200-1450? A) innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchant, to carry larger loads and protect themselves B) the introduction of new commercial technologies, such as the compass made it easier for merchants to find their destinations in the desert C) the expansion of banking houses, made it easier for merchant to fund their commercial activities D) increasing literacy rates, allowed merchants to develop more complex business partnerships
A)innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchant, to carry larger loads and protect themselves
Of the image in the manuscript best illustrates, which of the following features of the period 1450-1750? A) rulers using art as a way to communicate with their illiterate subjects B) rulers using art to expand their territories C) rulers using art as a way to increase literacy D) rulers using art to legitimize their rule
D) rulers using art to legitimize their rule
The type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450-1750 EXCEPT the
Aztec (Mexica) Empire
Based on the purpose of the letter, Selim's description of the followers of Shah Ismail I as a "heretic: faction" can best be interpreted as a commentary of the Safavid Empire's A) military strength B) adherence to Shia Islam C) Turkic origins D) use of the Persian language
B) adherence to Shia Islam
Which of the following is a claim made by the petitioner in the third paragraph? A) The gods will directly accompany the king in his conquest of the Madurai sultanate B) The king has the support of the gods in his efforts to drive Muslims out of Madurai C) A prophecy has shown that the king will conquer the Madurai sultanate D) The king should establish victory pillars after his conquest
B) The king has the support of the gods in his efforts to drive Muslims out of Madurai
The attitude toward religious practice expressed in Source 2 was most directly apparent in which of the following Spanish policies in the Americas in the period circa 1500-1750 ? A) The establishment of the casta system B) The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations C) The use of the encomienda system D) The development of Candomblé and Voudun among African slave populations
B) The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations
Which of the following statements from the second paragraph most directly supports the claim that the examination system strengthened the Chinese states? A) The statement that most successful candidates "required a measure of economic support that was simply not avails to poor people" B) The statement that "when an old dynasty was replaced by a new, the latter usually undertook an early revival of the examination system practically unchanged" C) The statement that "the examinations not only produced officials total to the state but also, at times, resentful rejected applicants who opposed the system" D) The statement that "the very idea that everyone should be eligible for the examinations... was incomparably forward-looking in its day"
B) The statement that "when an old dynasty was replaced by a new, the latter usually undertook an early revival of the examination system practically unchanged"
The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450-1750? A) The transmission of new weapons along trade networks B) The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states C) The use of new weapons to establish trading-post empires D) The development of new processes of manufacturing to create new weapons
B) The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states
Which of the following most likely explains why Muslims such Ibn Sina would ave been interested in studying the philosophical ideas discussed in the second paragraph? A) The adoption of Greek ideas of republican and democratic governance shaped the early development of the Islamic caliphate B) The use of observation and logic in studying the natural would was a part of Muslims intellectual tradition C) Muslim intellectuals were heavily influenced by polytheistic mystery religions D) Greco-Roman concepts of rigid social and the mic hierarchies heavily influence the early Muslim community
B) The use of observation and logic in studying the natural would was a part of Muslims intellectual tradition
Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the authors arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage? A) They were built by men with tools B) They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom C) There were many roads throughout the kingdom D) Their construction was supervised by government officials
B) They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.
Ibn battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450? A)expanding trade facilitated increased tolerance of the traditions of other religious groups B) cultural exchange emerged from competition among maritime empires C) increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spreed of cultures traditions D) cultural exchange emerged from new patterns of regional commerce
C) increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultures traditions
Which of the following best explains an effect of the expansion of the Mali empire on the trans Saharan trade networks? A) it led to an increase in trade by imposing the merchant-friendly religion of Islam on its subjects B) it expanded commerce by establishing maritime as well as overland connections with the Swahili state east Africa C) it facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks D) it expanded commercial activity by promoting scientific and cultural exchange
C) it facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks
Sinan's service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450- 1750 often relied on A) appointed bureaucrats to break the power of entrenched landed aristocracies b. B) mass conscription of soldiers to carry out their territorial expansion C) methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects D) members of the clergy to perform religious services, administer religious law, and oversee public order
C) methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects
A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that A) papal alliances with the Holy Roman emperors led to widespread religious persecutions in Germany B) the Protestant German nobility was wary of confronting the Ottomans without Catholic support C) political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community D) the Protestant German nobility adopted pacifist attitudes during religious disputes with their Catholic and Muslim opponents
C) political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community
The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT A) the Safavid Empire B) the Qing (Manchu) Empire C) the Aztec (Mexica) Empire D) the Ottoman Empire
C) the Aztec (Mexica) Empire
The expansion of the Mongol empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro Eurasia? A) the spread of feudalism to Western Europe as the Mongol conquest greatly weakened centralize monarchies B) the expansion of the Mali empire in west Africa, as the Mongol conquests destroyed the Abbasid caliphate C) the collapse of previously existing states, such as a song dynasty of China D) the adoption of Islamic systems of rule is by Turkic states in the middle east, such as the Seljuk empire
C) the collapse of previously existing states, such as a song dynasty of China
Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following could be best inferred about the south and East Asian trading cities on the map A) They were under the direct political control of Oman B) They had a majority Arab population C) They had Muslim diasporic merchant communities D) They were primarily sources of slave labor for the Omanis
C)They had Muslim diasporic merchant communities
The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade? A) monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast B)Europeans were active in bringing goods from west Africa to the Indian Ocean C) trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as china D) The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk E) Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese
C)trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as china
During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries territories under Mongol control benefited from which of the following? A) Widespread adoption of Confucian family hierarchies B) trade that facilitated the spread of Christianity throughout the Indian ocean region C) trade that tied several distinct regional networks together D) widespread adoption of Buddhist religious practices
C)trade that tied several distinct regional networks together
The excerpt above best illustrates which of the following attributes of Confucianism? A) The equality of all members of the family B) The power of wives over their husbands outside the home C) The virtues and duties of family members D) The legitimacy of selling women to worthy families
C. The virtues and duties of family members
The mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the silk roads primarily by A) opening large new markets for both European and East Asian goods in Central Asia B) increasing the demand for military supplies needed by the Mongol armies that occupied various regions C) decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans D) discouraging seaborne trade along the Indian Ocean routes that competed with the silk roads
C. decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans
The actions of peasants, artisans, and merchants discussed in the third paragraph are an example of A) religious conflict in a multiethnic state B) challenges to imperial legitimacy based on ideas of human rights C) opportunities for upward mobility created by larger states D) resistance against state attempts to collect revenue
D) resistance against state attempts to collect revenue
In the period 600 C.E. To 1459 C.Estates in Japan Korea Vietnam had which of the following in common? A) All successfully excluded European merchants B) All were conquered by the Mongols C) All rejected both Buddhism and Christianity D) All were culturally influenced by China
D) All were culturally influenced by China
Which of the following characteristics of the Ottoman Empire best explains why Sinan was determined to match the dimensions of the Hagia Sophia church, as discussed in the third paragraph? A) The Ottoman dynasty was descended from Turkic pastoralist nomads who did not have their own tradition of monumental architecture. B) Ottoman art often illustrated the historical and spiritual connections between Islam and other monotheistic religions, such as Christianity and Judaism. C) By the time the Ottoman Empire began to expand, the Byzantine Empire had already been dramatically reduced in size and geopolitical importance. D) Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers' claims to political legitimacy.
D) Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers' claims to political legitimacy.
The act of the countless of Béarn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political systems? A) Manorialism B) Serfdom C) Monasticism D) Feudalism
D) Feudalism
All of the following statements about Du Halde are factually accurate. Which would most likely lead historians to question the objectivity of his portrayal of the scholars shown in the image? A) He was the confessor to an important French noble. B) He never traveled to China. C) He based his observations of China on unpublished translations of Chinese texts. D) He was a Jesuit and based his book on Jesuit missionary reports.
D) He was a Jesuit and based his book on Jesuit missionary reports.
Source 2 indicates that all of the following were likely factors contributing to Sikhism's popularity in India ЕХСЕТ: A) It offered a set of religious beliefs that combined elements of both Hinduism and Islam. B) It advocated a direct and personal approach to God that paralleled Islamic beliefs. C) It appealed to members of the lower socioeconomic strata by rejecting the rigid social hierarchy of Hinduism. D) It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment
D) It offered a set of principles around which all Indians could rally in resisting British imperial encroachment
The spread of Bantu-speaking people over Southern Africa before 1400 C.E. can be best explained by their A) Conversion to islam B) Use of cavalry C) Centralized political systems D) Knowledge of agriculture
D) Knowledge of agriculture
Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph? A) Inca rulers followed the method dynastic succession for passing political authority from one ruler to another B) Inca rulers performed religious ceremonies to bless the highways and those who traveled on them C) Inca rulers had officials assign men from the provinces to construct the highways D) Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they want to undertake conquests
D) Once rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways then their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests
Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image? A) States increasingly relied on slave soldiers to establish large empires. B) The invention of the stirrup allowed expanding states to use cavalry more effectively. C) The development of new types of armor reduced casualties and allowed states to expand faster than before. D) States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.
D) States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires
The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim? A) The author's statement that Native Americans lived in a "trading house" near the English settlement B) The author's statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not "make a fire, or fetch water to drink" C) The author's statement that the English settlers "took pity" at the sight of the Native Americans' suffering D) The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"
D) The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share with of the following? A) They are polytheistic religions B) They recognize the divine nature of certain prophets C) They revere both Mecca and Jerusalem as pilgrimage site D) They recognize the existence of Adam and Moses E) They share the Talmud and the gospels as sacred textsh
D) They recognize the existence of Adam and Moses
The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following? A) Spanish influenza B) Malaria C) smallpox D) bubonic plague
D) bubonic plague