Urinalysis review questions Unit ONE

the fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of

1.010

The average daily output of urine is

1200 mL

After controlled fluid intake, the urine to serum osmolarity ratio should be

1:1

The normal serum osmolarity is:

275 - 300 mOsm

Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:

Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole

A patient with oliguria might progress to having:

Anuria

Glucose will appear in the urine when the

Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL; Tm for glucose is reached; Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded

What steps are taken when the results of reagent strip QC are outside of the stated confidence limits?

Check the expiration date of the reagent strip, run a new control, and open new reagent strips container

The primary inorganic substance found in urine is:

Chloride

The classification of a fire can be extinguished with water is:

Class A

During laboratory accreditation inspections, procedure manuals are examined for the presence of:

Critical values, procedure references, procedures for specimen preservation

A patient presenting with polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, and low urine specific gravity is exhibiting symptoms of:

Diabetes insipidus

A class ABC fire extinguisher contains:

Dry chemicals

Pre-exam, exam, or post-exam? Reagent expiration date, constructing a levy-jennings chart, calibrating centrifuge

EXAM

Employers are required to provide free immunization for:

HBV

The best way to break the chain of infection is:

Hand Santitizing

A color change that indicates that a sufficient amount of patients specimen or reagent is added correctly to the test system would be an example of:

Internal QC

An employee can learn the carcinogenic potential of potassium chloride by consulting the:

Material safety data sheets

The system used by firefighters when a fire occurs in the laboratory is:

NFPA

Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because:

NaCl is partially ionized similar to the composition of urine

Pipetting by mouth is

Not acceptable in the laboratory

An employer who fails to provide sufficient gloves for the employees may be fined by the:

OSHA

The acronym PASS refers to:

Operation of a fire extinguisher

Pre-exam, exam, or post-exam? Telephoning a positive clinitest result on a newborn

POST-EXAM

Pre-exam, exam, or post-exam? Rejecting a contaminated specimen, Collected a timed urine specimen

PRE-EXAM

The testing of sample from an outside agency and the comparison results with participating laboratories is called:

Proficiency testing

As supervisor of the urinalysis laboratory, you have just adopted a new procedure. You should:

Put a complete referenced procedure in the manual

The first thing to do when a fire is discovered is to:

Rescue persons in danger

A possible physical hazard in the hospital is:

Running to answer the telephone

The primary chemical affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is:

Sodium

An acceptable disinfectant for blood and body fluids decontamination is:

Sodium hypochlorite

In the urinalysis laboratory the primary source in the chain of infection would be?

Specimens

The most sterile specimen collected is a

Suprapubic aspiration

When a new bottle of QC material is opened, what information is placed on the label?

The date and the laboratory workers initials

ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling

Tubular permeability

Which of the following would not be given to a patient prior to the collection of a midstream clean-catch specimen? a. sterile container b. iodine cleanser c. antiseptic towlette d. instructions

`iodine cleanser

All of the following are characteristics of recommended urine containers except: a. a flat bottom b. a capacity of 50 mL c. a snap on lid d. are disposable

a snap on lid

when combining acid and water ensure that:

acid is added to water

Centrifuging an uncapped specimen may produce a biological hazard in the form of?

aerosols

Personnel in the urinalysis laboratory should wear lab coats that

are fluid resistant

Tests performed to detect renal tubular acidosis after administering an ammonium chloride load include all of the following except a. urine ammonia b. arterial pH c. urine pH d. titratable acidity

arterial pH

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

ascending loop of henle

Labels for urine containers are

attached to the container

The primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an un-preserved routine specimen not tested for 8 hours is

bacterial growth

The NPFA classification symbol contains informaiton on all of the following except: a. fire hazards b. biohazards c. reactivity d. health hazards

biohazards

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using

boric acid

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow, a test substance should be completely:

cleared on each contact with

Bacterial growth in an unpreserved specimen will:

decrease clarity

Prolonged exposure of a preserved urine specimen to light will cause:

decreased bilirubin

Performing a clearance test using radionucleotides

eliminates the need to collect urine, provides visualization of the filtration

An employee who accidentally spills acid on his arm should immediately:

hold the arm under running water for 15 minutes

The largest source of error in creatinine clearance tests is

improperly timed urine specimens

Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood

in the proximal convoluted tubule, combined with hydrogen ions, by tubular secretion

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

inability to produce an acid urine due to impaired production of ammonia

The primary advantage of a first morning specimen over a random specimen is that it:

is more concentrated

An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is that:

it does not require urine collection, not secreted by the tubules, can be measured by immunoassay

The type of nephron responsible for renal concentration is the

juxtaglomerular

Solute dissolved in solvent will

lower freezing point

Secretion of renin is stimulated by

macula densa cells

If a red rash is observed after removing gloves, the employee:

may have developed a latex allergy

For active transport to occur, a chemical:

must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy

Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances that are:

neither reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules

A urine specimen may be rejected by the laboratory for all of the following reasons except the fact that the: a. requisition states the specimen is catheterized b. specimen contains toilet paper c. label and requisition do not match d. outside of the container has fecal material contamination

outside of the container has fecal matter contamintation

Urine specimen collection for drug testing requires the collector to do all of the following except: a. inspect the specimen color b. perform the reagent strip testing c. read the specimen temperature d. fill out a chain of custody form

perform reagent strip testing

Employees should not work with radioisotopes if they are:

pregnant

Decreased production of ADH

produces a high urine volume

Which of the following would be least affected in a specimen that has remained un-preserved at room temperature for more than 2 hours?

protein

All of the following are safe to do when removing the source of an electric shock except: a. pulling the person away from the instrument b. turning off the circuit breaker c. using a glass container to move the instrument d. unplugging the instrument

pulling the person away from the instrument

Quality assesment refers to

quality of specimens and patient care

for general screening the most frequently collected specimen is a:

random one

The function of the peritubular capillaries is:

reabsorption and secretion

Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism depends on all of the following except

reabsorption of water in the descending loop of henle

An employee who is accidentally exposed to a possible blood-borne pathogen should immediately:

report to the supervisor

If a patient fails to discard the first specimen when collecting a timed specimen the:

results will be falsely elevated and the specimen must be recollected

Substances that may interfere with freezing point measurement of urine and serum osmolarity include all of the following except: a. ethanol b. lactic acid c. sodium d. lipids

sodium

The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:

sodium retention

The current routine infection control policy developed by CDC and followed in all health-care settings is:

standard precautions

If a routine urinalysis and a culture are requested on a catheterized specimen, then:

the culture is performed first

Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by

the glomerular filtration barrier

When a control is run, what information is documented?

the lot number, expiation date of the control, and the test results

Proper handwashing includes all of the following except: a. using warm water b. rubbing to create a lather c. rinsing hands in a downward position d. turning on the water with a paper towel

turning on the water with a paper towel

An unidentified fluid is received in the laboratory with a request to determine whether the fluid is urine or another body fluid. Using routine laboratory tests, what tests would determine that the fluid is most probably urine?

urea and creatinine

All of the following should be discarded in biohazardous waste containers except: a. urine specimen containers b. towels used for decontamination c. disposable lab coats d. blood collection tubes

urine container specimens

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for all of the following except:

vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

Variables that are included in the MDRD-IDSM estimated creatinine clearance calculations include all of the following except: a. serum creatinine b. weight c. age d. gender

weight