Urinary System Exam Review (Pt. 1)

The functional unit of the kidney is the calyx. renal sinus. collecting duct. kidney lobe. nephron.

nephron

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the minor calyx. distal convoluted tubule. collecting loop. nephron loop. proximal convoluted tubule.

nephron loop.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx. papillary duct nephron loop renal corpuscle distal convoluted tubule ureter

papillary duct

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries. cortical vasa recta efferent peritubular glomerular

peritubular

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule. minor calyx. nephron loop. collecting duct. distal convoluted tubule.

proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is secretion of acids and ammonia. reabsorbing nutrients. filtration. secretion of drugs. adjusting the urine volume.

reabsorbing nutrients.

Identify the structure labeled "5." renal sinus fibrous capsule renal pyramid renal papilla renal column

renal pyramid

Which structure is a conical mass within the renal medulla that ends at the papilla? (Module 24.3A) renal cortex renal pyramid renal sinus minor calyx renal column

renal pyramid

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called renal pyramids. renal pelvises. renal columns. nephrons. calyces.

renal pyramids.

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the urethra. ureter. urinary bladder. kidney. adrenal glands.

adrenal glands.

The renal sinus is an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule. a large branch of the renal pelvis. part of a renal pyramid. a renal corpuscle. the innermost layer of kidney tissue.

an internal cavity lined by the fibrous capsule.

Renal columns are expanded ends of the ureters. bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. the basic functional units of the kidney. internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops. renal pelvis fibrous capsule medulla cortex renal columns

cortex

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? contributes to stabilizing blood pH regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes excretes abundant protein molecules eliminates organic waste products regulates blood volume

excretes abundant protein molecules

The outermost layer of the kidney is the major calyx. renal medulla. fibrous capsule. renal cortex. renal pelvis.

fibrous capsule.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx? initial filtrate enters here superficial portion of the kidney final urine enters here releases renin tip of the medullary pyramid

final urine enters here

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production? (Module 24.3C) pelvic nephrons pyramidal nephrons medullary nephrons cortical nephrons juxtamedullary nephrons

juxtamedullary nephrons

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called columnar nephrons. calyces. juxtamedullary nephrons. cortical nephrons. perimedullary nephrons.

juxtamedullary nephrons.

Name the major excretory organs of the urinary system. (Module 24.1A) kidneys urethra ureters urinary bladder adrenal gland

kidneys

Major calyces are basic functional layers of the kidney. large tributaries of the renal pelvis. the expanded ends of renal pyramids. conical structures that are located in the renal medulla. expanded ends of nephrons.

large tributaries of the renal pelvis.

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are located in a position that is retroperitoneal. held in place by the renal fascia. surrounded by a fibrous capsule. covered by peritoneum. located partly within the pelvic cavity.

located partly within the pelvic cavity.

Describe filtrate. (Module 24.4A) similar to blood plasma similar to blood plasma without proteins similar to cerebrospinal fluid similar to cerebrospinal fluid without proteins similar to blood plasma without proteins, hormones, glucose, and amino acids

similar to blood plasma without proteins

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney. slightly posterior slightly superior slightly transverse slightly ipsilateral slightly inferior

slightly superior

Which of the following is not found in the area labeled "3." glomeruli proximal convoluted tubules vasa recta distal convoluted tubules peritubular capillaries

vasa recta

Urine is temporarily stored in the prostate gland. renal pelvis. kidneys. gallbladder. urinary bladder.

urinary bladder.

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions. 50 25 5 10 40

25

From deep to superficial, put the following layers of the kidney in order: 1) renal capsule 2) perinephric fat 3) cortex 4) renal fascia 4, 2, 1, 3 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 1, 2, 4 3, 1, 4, 2 3, 4, 1, 2

3, 1, 2, 4

Put the following urinary structures in order as urine is produced and eliminated from the body 1) liver. 2) urinary bladder. 3) kidney. 4) ureter. 5) urethra. 1,3,2,4,5 3,5,2,4 3,1,4,2,5 3,4,2,5 2,1,3,4,5

3,4,2,5

Put the following urinary structures in order to represent the flow of newly produced urine: 1) minor calyx 2) renal pelvis 3) ureter 4) major calyx 5) renal papilla 1,4,2,3,5 5,4,1,2,3 3,2,4,1,5 3,1,4,5,2 5,1,4,2,3

5,1,4,2,3

Describe how blood enters and leaves the glomerulus. (Module 24.5B) Blood enters by the cortical radiate arteries and leaves by the cortical radiate veins. Blood enters by the interlobar arteries and leaves by the interlobar veins. Blood enters by the renal artery and leaves by the renal vein. Blood enters by the afferent arteriole and leaves by the efferent arteriole. Blood enters by the segmental arteries and leaves by the segmental veins.

Blood enters by the afferent arteriole and leaves by the efferent arteriole.

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine. Juxtamedullary Cortical Both Cortical and Juxtamedullary nephrons Neither Cortical nor Juxtamedullary nephrons, as only collecting tubules conserve water.

Juxtamedullary

What would happen to a kidney's position if the perinephric fat layer were depleted and the collagen fibers of the fibrous capsule were to become detached? (Module 24.2C) The kidneys would fall inferiorly. The kidneys would be pulled anteriorly. The kidneys would be pulled medially. The kidneys would be pulled laterally. The kidneys would be pulled posteriorly.

The kidneys would fall inferiorly.

Compare the minor and major calyces. (Module 24.3B) The minor calyces collect urine from juxtamedullary nephrons and the major calyces collect urine from cortical nephrons. The minor calyx is an internal cavity and the major calyx is an external cavity. The minor calyces collect urine from a single lobe and the major calyces collect urine from 4-5 minor calyces. The minor calyces are located in the renal cortex and the major calyces are located in the renal medulla. The minor calyces are located in the renal medulla and the major calyces are located in the renal cortex.

The minor calyces collect urine from a single lobe and the major calyces collect urine from 4-5 minor calyces.

Define the vasa recta. (Module 24.5C) The vasa recta contain the afferent and efferent arterioles. The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop. The vasa recta are capillaries that surround the entire renal tubule. The vasa recta contains sympathetic postganglionic fibers. The vasa recta contain parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.

The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop.

A glomerulus is attached to the collecting duct. the expanded end of a nephron. a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron. the middle segment of the renal tubule.

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the distal convoluted tubule. papillary tubule. calyx. proximal convoluted tubule. nephron loop.

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the afferent arteriole. vasa recta. renal vein. efferent arteriole. cortical radiate artery.

efferent arteriole.

Identify the structures of the renal corpuscle. (Module 24.4B) glomerular capsule and glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule collecting duct and papillary duct glomerular capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule and nephron loop

glomerular capsule and glomerulus

The process of filtration occurs at the distal convoluted tubule. proximal convoluted tubule. nephron loop. glomerulus. collecting duct.

glomerulus.

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the hilum. pyramid. calyx. pelvis. ureter.

hilum

Trace the pathway of blood from the renal artery to the renal vein. (Module 24.5A) renal artery, glomerulus, afferent arterioles, segmental arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, cortical radiate arteries, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein renal artery, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, cortical radiate arteries, segmental arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, interlobar veins, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, renal vein renal artery, cortical radiate arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, segmental arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, interlobar veins, arcuate veins, cortical radiate veins, renal vein renal artery, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, segmental arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobar arteries, cortical radiate arteries, arcuate veins, cortical radiate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein

Identify the structure labeled "6." renal column ureter renal pelvis minor calyx major calyx

renal column

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the renal papilla. renal pyramid. collecting tubule system. renal corpuscle. nephron loop.

renal corpuscle.

Identify the structure labeled "8." renal column renal papilla renal sinus renal pyramid fibrous capsule

renal papilla

Identify the structure labeled "9." renal pelvis major calyx minor calyx ureter renal column

renal pelvis

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the renal hilum. renal corpuscle. renal pelvis. renal calyx. renal sinus.

renal pelvis

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the renal pelvis. renal papilla. renal sinus. renal cortex. renal medulla.

renal pelvis.

What structures enter and exit the kidney at the hilum? (Module 24.2A) the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and urethra exit at the hilum the renal artery and vein enter; the renal nerves exit at the hilum the renal artery and ureter enter; the renal vein and the urethra exit at the hilum the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum the renal vein and urethra enter; the renal artery and ureter exit at the hilum

the renal artery and renal nerves enter; the renal vein and ureter exit at the hilum

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by the urethra. the calyces. the ureters. lymphatics. blood vessels.

the ureters.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"? tip of the medullary pyramid initial filtrate enters here releases renin granular tissue separating renal pyramids final urine enters here

tip of the medullary pyramid