Us chapter 5

a shortage of workers in California forced the Central Pacific Railroad to hire about 10,000 workers from

China

the knights of labor suffered a steady decline in membership and influence due to lost strikes and

Haymarket riot

the two railroads that built the transcontinental railroad were the

Union Pacific and the Central Pacific

the 1894 Pullman strike was halted by _____, according to the chart

a court order

laissez-faire relies on _____ to regulate prices and wages

a free market

when a single company achieved control of an entire market, it is known as

a monopoly

Even before the invention of the automobile petroleum was in high demand because it could

be turned into kerosene

according to the graph, when did the production of steel begin to rise significantly in the United STates

between 1885 and 1895

department stores changed the idea of shopping by

bringing together a huge array of different products

how did N.W. Ayer and Son, the first advertising company, try to attract customers

by using large illustrated ads

according to the char, the government reacted to disgruntled railroad employees in 1877 by

calling out troops to restore order

employers generally viewed unions as

conspiracies that interfered with property rights

the american federation of labor pushed for closed shops, meaning that companies

could only hire union workers

to make rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway Association

divided the country into standardized time zones

corporations bought new machines in order to achieve

economies of scale

the government offered each railroad company building the transcontinental railroad land along right-of way to

encouraged rapid construction of the tracks

In the late 1800s, workers' buying power generally increased because

factories often increased prices

some labor supporters were anarchists, who believed that society did not need an

governmenr

based on the quote, which of the following would must likely reflect Andrew Carnegie's actions

he amassed the largest amount of personal wealth that he could

the great northern became the most successful transcontinental railroad in part because of

its founder's good decisions and honest business practices

a ______ was a technique for breaking a union in which the company refused to allow workers onto their property

lockout

in contrast to department stores, which offered many services, chain stores focused on offering

low prices

economics of scale resulted in

lower costs and increased production

agreements among companies to keep prices at a certain level were known as

pools

during the early days of industrialization many members of Congress believed that tariffs were necessary to

protect new industries from foreign competition

supporters of laissez-faire believed the government should interfere in the economy only to

protect property rights and maintain peace

railroad companies raised most of the money that they needed to build their railroads from

selling government land grants

issuing stock allows a corporation to raise large amounts of money for big projects while

spreading out the financial rosk

when a union called a strike, employees would often hire replacements, called

strikebreakers

based on the quote Samuel Gompers

tended to support socialist reforms

it made sense for big corporations to continue working during poor economic times because

their operating cost were small, compared to their fixed costs

what is one advantage that big corporations had over small businesses

they could produce goods more cheaply and efficiently

a steel company that owns the coal mines, limestone quarries, and iron ore fields it depends on is an example of

vertical integration