U.S. Employment Law Acronyms

NLRA (National Labor Relations Act)

created Wagner Act (1935); regulation of this laws establishment of clear rights of workers to: form unions, protections for organizations activities, prevent employers from engaging in unfair practices and bad-faith bargaining

Equal pay act

made it illegal for employers to pay female workers less than men for the same job

Wagner Act (1935)

officially "National Labor Relations Act"; established National Labor Relations Board to administer labor laws and union elections; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. Highest legislative achievement for unions in US history.

Salting

practice in which unions hire and pay people to apply for jobs at certain companies to begin organizing efforts

paired comparison

technique in which each employee in a work group or a collection of individuals with the same job title is compared with every other individual in the group on the various dimensions being considered

pay equity (comparable worth)

the belief that wages should reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of the worker

construct validity

the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring

FICA

Federal Insurance Contributions Act; tax levied on both employers and employees to pay for Social Security, medicare and surtax

MBO

Management by objectives; employees help set objectives for themselves, defining what they tend to do achieve within a specified time preiod

Railway Labor Act of 1926

Protected unionization rights; allowed for 90-day cooling off period to prevent strikes in national emergencies. Covers railroads and unions provide a peaceful way for railroads and their employees to resolve their disputes; also applies to common carrier rail service and commercial airline employees

FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act)

Protects the privacy of background information and ensures that the information supplied is accurate; imposes notice requirements on employers that rely on consumer background reports. 1+

Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932

act that prohibited employers from punishing workers who joined unions and gave labor the right to form unions

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

added people with disabilities to the list of Americans protected from discrimination

Continuous feedback

addresses performance on a on going basis. Employees are given consistent support and feedback.

Sherman Antitrust Act

an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States that would also restrain interstate trade or commerce. used against unions until the Clayton act.

BFOQ (Bona Fide Occupational Qualification)

an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business."

Learning Evaluation

Determines the increase in employee knowledge as a result of the training.

Human process interventions

Directed at developing competencies at the individual level in the organization.

ADAAA

Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008

job enlargement

increasing the number of different tasks in a given job

Dodd-Frank Act

legislation passed in 2010 aimed at reforming the banking industry and offering consumers greater protection

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988

protects workers, their families, and communities by requiring employers with 100 or more employees (generally not counting those who have worked less than six months in the last 12 months and those who work an average of less than 20 hours a week) to provide at least 60 calendar days advance written notice of a plant closing and mass layoff affecting 50 or more employees at a single site of employment

job enrichment

redesigning jobs in a way that increases the opportunities for the worker to experience feelings of responsibility, achievement, growth, and recognition

executive order 11246

requires affirmative action in hiring women and minorities. Prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Davis-Bacon Act

requires that companies with federal construction contracts pay their laborers the minimum wage of employees in the geographic area in which the work is being performed. in excess of 2000

Employer Unfair Labor Practices

-Coercing workers not to join unions or not to engage in protected activities with threats of job loss or benefit deprivation -Threatening plant closure if workers choose to join or form a union -Questioning workers about their union sympathies or activities in an intimidating way -Promising extras to workers to influence their union support -Assigning difficult or dangerous work duties to discourage participation in union activities -Coercing workers to quit (constructive discharge) because of their legitimate union activities

Golden Life Jacket (Stay Bonus)

A compensation package paid to executives to retain them in their current role when the company has been acquired by another company. Can be large bonuses or stock options.

narrative review

A description of prior research without a systematic search and selection strategy or critical appraisal of the studies' merits

qualified retirement plan

A retirement plan that meets certain federal requirements and therefore qualifies for special tax treatment. Plans must be (1) for the exclusive benefit of employees, (2) in writing, (3) nondiscriminatory, (4) either defined benefits or defined contributions, and (5) permanent.

Path-Goal Theory

A theory that states that it is the leader's job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization. it has 4 leadership styles Directive, Supportive, Participative, and achievement-oriented

Portal-toPortal Act

Act that defines what is included as hours worked and is therefore compensable and a factor in calculating overtime.

Walsh-Healey Act

Act that extended concept of prevailing wage to employers who manufacture or supply goods under government contracts and required time and a half. for contracts exceeding 10,000

Clayton Act

Act that minimally restricted the use of injunctions against labor and legalized peaceful strikes, picketing, and boycotts.

GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act)

Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of someone's genetic information or the genetic information of his or her family

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory

Addresses follower characteristics in relation to effective leader behavior. Consider follower readiness as a factor in determining leadership style using task behavior and relationship behavior. An additional aspect of this model is the idea that the leader not only changes the leadership style according to followers' needs but also develops followers over time to increase their level of maturity. has four leadership styles telling ,selling, participating and delegating

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act—forbids discrimination on the basis of a physical or mental disability if the individual can perform "essential function" of the job.

Behavior Evaluation

Analyses how training has changed the trainees behavior. This looks at how trainees apply the information taught.

principled bargaining

Based on 4 premises: separate the people from the problem, focus on interests, not positions, invent options for mutual gain, and insist on objective criteria

knowledge-of-predictor bias

Bias that occurs when an interviewer is aware that a candidate has scored particularly high or low on an assessment and allows this knowledge to influence the selection process.

Broadbanding

Combining several salary grades or job classifications with narrow pay ranges into one band with a wider salary spread.

COBRA

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act; law to provide terminated employees or those who lose insurance coverage because of reduced work to be able to buy group insurance for themselves and their families for a limited amount of time.

Fiduciary Responsibility

Duty of management to safeguard a company's assets and handle its funds in a trustworthy manner.

FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act)

Federal law requiring organizations with 50 or more employees within 75 miles to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave after childbirth or adoption; to care for a seriously ill family member or for an employee's own serious illness; or to take care of urgent needs that arise when a spouse, child, or parent in the National Guard or Reserve is called to active duty

FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act)

Federal law that establishes a minimum wage and requirements for overtime pay and child labor

ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act)

Federal law that increased the responsibility of pension plan trustees to protect retirees, established certain rights related to vesting and portability, and created the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Federal legislation passed in 2002 that sets higher ethical standards for public corporations and accounting firms. Key provisions limit conflict-of-interest issues and require financial officers and CEOs to certify the validity of their financial statements.

HIPPA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

Reaction Evaluation

Helps to understand how well the training was received by your audience following a training event. It solicits opinions of the learning experience.

IRCA

Immigration Reform and Control Act. documents must be maintained for 3 years or 1 year from termination. EE section completed by end of 1st day ER completed in 3 days.

criterion-related validity

Is measured by comparing the scores on a selection test to a particular aspect of a job.

LMRDA

Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, aka "Landrum-Griffin Act". law establishing an employee Bill of Rights and regulating Union elections and internal Union conduct. Allows employees to sue unions.

LMRA

Labor-Management Relations Act aka taft -Hartley; 1947 law allowed states to choose to be either "Union Shop" states or "Right-to-Work" states

Union ULP's

Mass picketing that physically bars employees from entering the plant. Threatening employees that unless they support the unions activities , they'll lose their jobs. Fining employees from crossing the picket line after they have quit the union.

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Act was passed by Congress to encourage job safety

OFCCP

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs. The OFCCP is a government agency in the Department of Labor that reviews the affirmative action programs of government contractors and monitors their compliance.

OWBPA

Older Workers Benefits Protection Act 1990. To safeguard older workers' empoloyee benefits from age discrimination. Equal benefit or equal cost principle. Can reduce life insurance coverage if premiums are higher. Employers with 20+ employees covered. - Can't eliminate older workers to avoid higher cost of benefits - Can be illegal terminations - Can offer EE lesser insurance if Medicare/Medicaid eligible as long as the amount equals the younger workers amt.

Contract Bar

One of the bars to union-representation elections, which prevents an election when a valid collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is already in place.

Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC)

Set up by ERISA to insure payment of benefits in the event that a private-sector defined benefit pension plan terminates with insufficient funds to pay the benefits.

Graded Vesting

System by which qualified retirement plan participants become incrementally vested over a period of years of service.

golden handcuffs

System of overlapping short and long-term incentives to make it less likely that key employees will leave a company

Psychomotor Assessment Test

Tests an individual's coordination and manual dexterity

job evaluation

a process that determines the worth of each job in a company by evaluating the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it. Used best with ranking.

EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

The Government agency that oversees discrimination in the workplace

statutory bar

The NLRA prohibits an election in a bargaining unit that had a valid election during the preceding 12-month period.

S-shaped curve

a combination of positive and negative learning curve with series of increases and decreases in learning.

CCPA (Consumer Credit Protection Act)

a federal law that requires creditors to inform consumers of the costs and terms of credit. Also has provisions limiting how much of earnings can be garnished.

ULP

Unfair Labor Practice is a violation of employer or employee rights under labor law

Double breasting

When a common owner operates both union and non-union businesses.

golden parachute

a large payment or other financial compensation guaranteed to a company executive should the executive be dismissed as a result of a merger or takeover.

ADEA (Age Discrimination in Employment Act)

forbids discrimination against any person aged 40 or older in hiring, firing, promotion, or other aspect of employment.

golden handshake

generous payment to a senior employee who leaves the company

Weighted Employment Application

gives aspects of the job that are more important for success a higher weight than =an other areas., usually by assigning numerical values to different areas

content validity

is a measure of job knowledge or skill which involves having someone perform actual work task. Ex Practical driving test.