US Government Chapter 16-17 Study Guide

Today, the United Nations includes all but _____ of the 195 nations of the world.

2 (193 member countries)

The U.S. president is allowed to carry out military operations on foreign soil for ______ days before Congress must either approve the extension of those operations or declare war.

60

Mandatory spending accommodates approximately what percentage of all federal expenditures

60%

According to the text, which of these industries receives one of the largest portions of governmental aid?

Agriculture

While the president may be the lead representative in America's foreign policy, Congress also has important functions relating this the international stage. Which of these is a committee dealing with Congressional oversight of foreign policy?

All of the above 1. Foreign Affairs Committee 2. Committee on Armed Services 3. Committee on Foreign Relations

The overwhelming portion of the government's education money is spent on which of the following?

All of the above 1. Student loans 2. Grants 3. Work-Study programs

Which of these is a benefit of Medicare?

All of the above 1. Prescription drug benefits 2. A guaranteed insurance benefit that helps cover major hospitalization 3. Fee-based supplemental coverage to lower costs for doctor visits and other health expenses

This unique type of policy implementation allows local areas flexibility to meet specific challenges and needs. Oftentimes, this relates to healthcare or housing.

Bottom-Up implementation

Congress has tried to reduce policy analysis bias in the Legislative Branch by creating this nonpartisan organization.

Congressional Budget Office

The most famous foreign policy emergency in America came during the _________, in which the Soviet Union enacted threatening action on American soil. Select one:

Cuban Missle Crisis

This is the amount by which expenditures are greater than revenues when it comes to the federal budget.

Deficit

This is the establishment and maintenance of a formal relationship between countries that governs their interactions on matters as diverse as tourism to the taxation of goods they trade, among other factors.

Diplomacy

This is the collective understanding of the goals that a state's officials seek to attain abroad. It can also consist of the values that give rise to those objectives, and the means or instruments used to pursue these objectives.

Foreign policy

Under this market system, supply and demand are influenced by the people without any government involvement.

Free-market economics

The ___________ strategy is the idea that a country should employ all available diplomatic, economic, and military resources to advance the national interest.

Grand

President Washington was in favor of this foreign policy stance, and in fact, warned against the creation of "entangling alliances" in his farewell address.

Isolationism

The __________ consists of members from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, as well as a chairman and vice-chairman.

Joint Chief of Staff

Public policy deals with issues of concern to some ___________________, as opposed to matters of interest only to a _____________________. Select one:

Large segment of society; small segment of society

After World War I, President Wilson and others attempted to form this important international organization. Unfortunately, it was not able to do much on the world stage and dissolved.

League of Nations

These individuals believe that government almost always operates less efficiently than the private sector and that government actions should be kept to a minimum.

Libertarians

The goal of a policy analyst isn't to encourage the implementation of policy, but rather to what?

Make sure that decision-makers are fully informed about the decisions they make

This entitlement policy requires beneficiaries to fall within a particular income category and provides to them a comprehensive set of health benefits.

Medicaid

These individuals tend to feel very comfortable with the idea of the government shepherding progressive social and economic reforms, believing that these will lead to outcomes more equitable and fair for all members of society.

Modern Liberals

Multiple foreign policy agencies come together to form the president's ___________.

National Security Council

This modern political ideology deals with the aggressive use or threat of hard power in foreign affairs.

Neoconservatism

Which of these is not a main goal of U.S. foreign policy?

Peaceful relations on the world stage with foreign powers

Most citizens have opinions on how they feel about certain policies. However, there are those who actively work to propose or maintain public policy. Typically, these can revolve around social issues like gay rights, abortion, gun control, or other contentious issues. These few individuals are known as what?

Policy Advocates

Free trade is when a country allows the unfettered flow of goods and services between itself and other countries. At the other end of the spectrum is this approach, in which a country does not permit imports or charges high tariffs for imports.

Protectionism

This is the broad strategy government uses to do its job. More formally, it is the relatively stable set of purposive governmental actions that address matters of concern to some part of society.

Public policy

While distributive policy has diffuse costs and concentrated benefits, this policy features concentrated costs and diffuse benefits. For example, large corporations paying taxes for their carbon emissions equals greater air quality for all individuals.

Regulatory Policy

Social welfare policy has created a __________, which helps members of society who are suffering economic hardship through no fault of their own.

Safety Net

This is one of the oldest and largest pieces of social welfare policy in American history. In 2014, it costed the United States about $845 billion alone

Social Security

Unlike the use of military power, nonmilitary tools, such as economic sanctions or propagandizing, would be considered as what sort of power on the world stage?

Soft Power

Which of these is not a specific stage of the policy process?

Testing

According to the text, which of these is not a challenge in American foreign policy?

The impact of American-based supply-side economics has created social upheaval across the world

This is the situation in which individuals exhaust a common resources by acting in their own immediate self-interest. For example, if everyone fishes in a lake every day, there will eventually be no fish in that lake.

Tragedy of the Commons

This theory suggests that the president can act in decisively different measures on foreign policy and domestic policy, and that some presidents are more successful on the former.

Two Presidencies Thesis

This is the foremost international organization in the world today.

UN

Congress's attempt to reassert itself into war-making policy came in the form of what bill?

War Powers Resolution

Under the treaty process, a president negotiates an international treaty, the Senate consents to it by a _____ vote, and then the president ratifies it.

two third (2/3)