US Hist to 1877 ch 1

14. What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations? a. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. b. He died in the Caribbean islands. c. He led the conquering of the Aztecs. d. His voyages corrected Columbus's erroneous assessment of the earth's size. e. He and his men were the first Europeans to encounter bison.

a. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.

1. In 1776, what did political philosopher Adam Smith observe about the "discovery" of the Americas? a. The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history. b. The idea of slavery in the New World originated with the Native Americans. c. In reference to the Americas, the term "discovery" is misleading and should not be used. d. Christopher Columbus's role in settling the New World was insignificant. e. Native Americans had benefited tremendously from European encounters.

a. The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history.

7. When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans. b. immediately opened treaty negotiations regarding land and resources. c. promptly united against them in open warfare. d. immediately surrendered due to the Europeans' superiority. e. simply moved away to avoid any interactions with them.

a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans

2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans? a. Across Native American groups, only a few languages were spoken, which aided communication. b. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts. c. Trade among Native American groups had yet to be established because there were few riches there. d. Groups relied only on hunting and gathering, not any form of farming the earth. e. Very little diversity existed in North America, which contributed to the lack of fighting.

b. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts.

21. Which of the following was true of French and Indian relations? a. Indians were dependent on the French to trap animals for the fur trade. b. French settlers were more likely to be attracted to the Indians' way of life than vice versa. c. Indians often asked traders to send them to Paris and other French cities. d. French traders often enslaved Indian women and children, sparking wars with the Indians. e. French settlers taught Indians how to grow corn and squash.

b. French settlers were more likely to be attracted to the Indians' way of life than vice versa.

16. What happened to the population of the Americas as a result of contact with Europeans? a. The population stayed relatively stable. b. It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement. c. Many native inhabitants of South America moved to West Indian islands. d. The native population increased from 2 million to 20 million. e. Many Native Americans moved to Europe.

b. It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement.

20. What best describes the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? a. It was a rebellion by Spanish Franciscan friars against the Catholic Church's use of violence to convert native people to Catholicism. b. It was a victory of the Pueblo Indians over the Spanish settlers in New Mexico, which reestablished Indian control of the region. c. It was a revolt of Protestant Spaniard farmworkers against Catholic Spaniard landowners in Santa Fe. d. It was a conflict between the Navajo and the Apache tribes. e. It was a short-lived Indian rebellion that resulted in harsher Spanish suppression of native religious practices and more brutal demands on native people's labor when the Spanish regained control of the region in the 1690s.

b. It was a victory of the Pueblo Indians over the Spanish settlers in New Mexico, which reestablished Indian control of the region.

18. According to Bartolomé de Las Casas, a. Spain needed to outlaw African slavery and prevent it from entering the New World. b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World. c. Native Americans were barbarians and had limited rights to their lands and liberty. d. Spain had no right whatsoever to rule in America and had gone against God's wishes. e. enslaving Native Americans was questionable but must continue in order to benefit the Spanish economy.

b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World.

8. How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership? a. They treated land as a space for only hunting, not farming. b. They viewed land as a common resource to use. c. They viewed land as a possession owned only by individuals, not families. d. They considered land as a trading opportunity. e. They treated land as an economic commodity.

b. They viewed land as a common resource to use.

6. Pueblo Indians lived in what is now a. the eastern United States. b. the southwestern United States. c. the Yucatan Peninsula. d. the northeastern United States. e. western Canada.

b. the southwestern United States

11. European society on the eve of colonization a. had no rigid class lines. b. was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship. c. allowed the majority of men a great degree of personal independence. d. valued freedom of expression and a free press above all else. e. valued gender equality above all else.

b. was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship.

25. How does Eric Foner justify characterizing America in the early colonial period as made up of "borderlands"? a. Boundaries between empires were fixed. b. Europeans established authority quickly and easily. c. Hybrid cultures developed. d. Native people did not resist conquest. e. Native people were unwilling to trade with settlers.

c. Hybrid cultures developed.

13. Which country first explored the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1400s, and soon thereafter established plantation slavery on the Atlantic islands off the African coast? a. China b. Spain c. Portugal d. England e. France

c. Portugal

5. Why did Native Americans who farmed never plow their fields? a. The soil was too dry. b. They had no livestock. c. There was too much fertilizer. d. They had big shovels to use to dig. e. They did not need to grow many crops.

c. There was too much fertilizer.

22. The Dutch settled New Netherlands a. on the gulf coast of what later became Florida. b. along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec. c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State. d. on the Pacific coast of what later became California. e. on the island later known as Newfoundland.

c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.

4. Around 9,000 years ago, where did farming first start in the Americas? a. the Mississippi Valley b. the Ohio Valley c. around the Amazon River d. Mexico and the mountains of South America e. the Near East

d. Mexico and the mountains of South America

10. An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be a. the opportunity for the chief to profit from selling land to a European. b. the right to become the wealthiest member of the tribe. c. the opportunity to work for the benefit of the group as opposed to individual gain. d. the right to sever kinship ties to pursue individual prosperity. e. the opportunity for some families to dominate others in the tribe.

c. the opportunity to work for the benefit of the group as opposed to individual gain.

9. After exploring the Atlantic coast in the late sixteenth century, an Englishman writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European? a. The land was beautiful and made him think badly of and ultimately reject the European countryside. b. It would take the expedition too much effort to build a settlement, and such a settlement was almost sure to fail. c. The Native Americans had developed bustling metropolises in many areas along the Atlantic coast. d. The English believed the land was theirs for the taking, despite the possible presence of Native Americans. e. The area lacked any resources that the English could successfully exploit because it was so underdeveloped.

d. The English believed the land was theirs for the taking, despite the possible presence of Native Americans.

17. Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority? a. a Native American chief b. a Catholic priest c. a locally born wealthy landowner d. an administrative official from Spain e. an administrative official born in the New World

d. an administrative official from Spain

12. African enslavement of other Africans a. resulted from the arrival of Europeans. b. included no form of rights for the slaves. c. was the only kind of labor on that continent. d. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives. e. accelerated with the arrival of the French in the 1520s.

d. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.

15. In 1492, the Native American population a. lived mostly in the area of present-day Canada. b. lived primarily in large urban areas. c. was immune to smallpox and measles. d. lived mostly south of the present-day United States. e. comprised at least 200 million people.

d. lived mostly south of the present-day United States.

24. What served as an example of a borderlands area in colonial America? a. the Carolina coastline b. Natchez c. Plymouth d. the Great Lakes e. Chaco Canyon

d. the Great Lakes

3. What was a commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later? a. Both groups were sent there by powerful monarchs. b. Both groups were driven by the desire to hunt large mammals. c. Both groups started as slaves and then gained their freedom during the journey. d. Both groups trekked during bitter ice ages. e. Both groups were searching for resources.

e. Both groups were searching for resources.

19. The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was a. Tucson. b. Albuquerque. c. El Paso. d. San Diego. e. Santa Fe.

e. Santa Fe.

23. In regard to history, what was a borderland? a. a defined boundary between nations b. the area around the coastline c. an area exclusively designated as a no-trade zone d. an exclusively unsettled area e. an unclear geographical and cultural border

e. an unclear geographical and cultural border