US Hist to 1877 Final (ch 9-15)

19Which statement is true about the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)? a. The KKK was primarily concerned with stopping Asian immigration to the South. b. Founded in 1866 in Tennessee, the KKK was a terrorist organization that attacked black and white Republicans during Reconstruction. c. Most southern planters, merchants, and Democratic politicians who considered themselves "respectable citizens" publicly condemned the Klan. d. President Grant's dispatching of federal marshals and troops in 1871 failed to have any effect on Klan violence. e. The KKK functioned as the military arm of the Republican Party in the South.

b. Founded in 1866 in Tennessee, the KKK was a terrorist organization that attacked black and white Republicans during Reconstruction.

4.Which is true of the Texas revolt? a. It resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of Texas. b. It was the first time that the U.S. Army fought on foreign soil. c. The battle for the Alamo was a surprising Mexican defeat. d. It consisted of sporadic but vicious battles between American and Tejano settlers. e. It was sparked by the Mexican government seizing the slaves of American settlers.

e. It was sparked by the Mexican government seizing the slaves of American settlers.

15. What was the biggest fear of a slave of any age? a. being whipped b. not being taught to read c. not being fed d. having to work in a cotton field e. a family member being sold

e. a family member being sold

2. The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in a. manufacturing. b. agriculture. c. banking and financing. d. labor contracts. e. transportation and communication.

e. transportation and communication.

19Which is the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent? a. Battle of Gettysburg b. Battle of Antietam c. Battle of Vicksburg d. First Battle of Bull Run e. Battle of Shiloh

a. Battle of Gettysburg

25The American Civil War began in April 1861, when a. Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter. b. U.S. naval vessels bombarded the city of Wilmington, North Carolina. c. Confederate and Union cavalry clashed in disputed territory in Texas. d. General William Sherman led Union soldiers on a devastating march through Georgia. e. Confederate infantry attacked Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

a. Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter.

1 What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war? a. Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons. b. Casualties were lower than previous wars due to more precise weaponry. c. International law prevented mistreatment of prisoners of war. d. There was no draft. e. Modern medical technology prevented disease and deaths from injuries.

a. Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons.

11What was the purpose of the Morrill Land Grant College Act? a. It provided funding to the states to establish colleges. b. It provided war veterans with free college educations. c. It reformed the Electoral College after the abolishment of the three-fifths clause. d. It made it legal for any woman who owned property to apply to college. e. It seized several large plantations in the South and turned them into schools for ex-slaves.

a. It provided funding to the states to establish colleges.

1. In 1841, who wrote "In the history of the world, the doctrine of reform has never had such hope as at the present hour." a. Ralph Waldo Emerson b. Nathanial Hawthorne c. John Humphrey Noyes d. Alexis de Tocqueville e. Margaret Fuller

a. Ralph Waldo Emerson

10What occurred in 1848 in Europe? a. There were revolutions against monarchies. b. Germany was united. c. Italian kingdoms reunified. d. Napoleon escaped, created an army, and attacked England. e. The Chartist movement renounced democracy.

a. There were revolutions against monarchies.

2. Between 1840 and 1845, how did most emigrants travel to new lands in Oregon? a. They used wagon trains. b. They rode in coal-powered trains. c. They traveled entirely on foot. d. They traveled on horseback. e. They used riverboats.

a. They used wagon trains.

15How can the treatment of Native Americans by the Confederacy be characterized? a. They were given access to millions of acres of land. b. They were ignored by Jefferson Davis. c. They received scorn from the Confederacy due to some Native Americans siding with the Union. d. They were given a say in the Confederate government. e. The Confederates appreciated Native Americans serving as peacemakers, bringing an end to the Civil War.

a. They were given access to millions of acres of land.

25. After an 1831 slave rebellion, which state's legislature debated, but did not approve, a plan for gradual emancipation of slaves in that state? a. Virginia b. South Carolina c. Maryland d. North Carolina e. Louisiana

a. Virginia

22The Thirteenth Amendment a. abolished slavery throughout the United States. b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864. c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation. d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans. e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.

a. abolished slavery throughout the United States.

16The Union draft law a. allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service. b. required rich and poor alike to serve equally in the Union army. c. was supported by Irish immigrants in New York City. d. increased support for the war among working-class Catholics in northeastern cities. e. resulted in Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, and Jay Gould suspending their business operations in order to fight in the Union army.

a. allowed wealthy men to hire a substitute or buy their way out of military service.

20The Enforcement Acts a. drove the Ku Klux Klan out of existence in 1872. b. ended terrorism in the South for the rest of Reconstruction. c. were not really used by President Grant until 1875, when he stepped up efforts to protect polling places. d. were used by state governments to enforce the terms of sharecropping contracts. e. prevented immigration into the former Confederate states.

a. drove the Ku Klux Klan out of existence in 1872.

13. Which of the following was a focus of the transcendentalist movement? a. freeing the individual from social constraints b. reforming the American character through education c. organizing factory workers to improve pay and working conditions d. providing safe havens for escaped slaves e. encouraging settlement west of the Mississippi

a. freeing the individual from social constraints

7. The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was a. textiles. b. guns. c. ironworks. d. pottery. e. shoemaking.

a. textiles.

15 Which represents Abraham Lincoln's views on race in the 1850s? a. Blacks and whites were intellectual equals. b. Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves. c. Black men should be given the right to vote in Illinois. d. Blacks should be given the same legal rights as whites. e. Free blacks should be viewed as fundamentally different from slaves.

b. Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves.

13Which of the following statements is true of the Reconstruction Act? a. It ended the sharecropping system. b. It established black men's legal right to vote in the former Confederacy. c. It banned the use of federal troops for enforcing civil rights laws in the southern states. d. It ended the period known as "Radical Reconstruction." e. It was supported by President Johnson.

b. It established black men's legal right to vote in the former Confederacy.

20Who is identified as an "enemy" in Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession? a. the federal government b. abolitionists c. northern politicians d. Abraham Lincoln e. slaves participating in rebellions

b. abolitionists

16During Radical Reconstruction, Republican governments in the South a. passed laws to ensure plantation owners had the first claim on harvested crops. b. created the region's first state-funded systems of free public education. c. reestablished property requirements for voting. d. attracted the votes of most former Confederates who had supported the Democratic Party. e. generally reduced the number of public institutions and services.

b. created the region's first state-funded systems of free public education.

8. Which was a cause of the Panic of 1819? a. a decline in the European market for American farm products b. debts incurred to finance the War of 1812 c. the Bank of England's demand that American merchants pay their creditors in gold or silver d. a flood of immigrant labor into American cities e. the collapse of the Second Bank of the United States

b. debts incurred to finance the War of 1812

19The Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to a. renominate President James Buchanan for a second term. b. protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them. c. impeach Chief Justice Roger Taney for the Dred Scott decision. d. endorse the acquisition of Cuba by the United States, thus increasing slave territory. e. immediately bring Kansas and Nebraska into the Union as slave states.

b. protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them.

18Which 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba? a. the Monroe Doctrine b. the Ostend Manifesto c. the Wilmot Proviso d. the Webster-Ashburton Treaty e. the Frémont Manifesto

b. the Ostend Manifesto

13Economically, the Civil War led to a. a decline in prosperity for the North and South alike. b. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development. c. a tariff reduction to attract foreign goods to make up for the decline in domestic production. d. the creation of the Third Bank of the United States, despite opposition from old Jacksonian Democrats. e. the building of a transcontinental railroad, completely through private financing.

b. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development.

14. The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had? a. requiring slaves to attend church b. the threat of sale c. exploiting the divisions among slaves d. withholding food e. denying a marriage between two slaves

b. the threat of sale

6.When did Great Britain abolish slavery in its empire? a. 1790s b. 1810s c. 1830s d. 1850s e. 1870s

c. 1830s

14Which of the following is true of the Confederacy and Native Americans? a. Indians were united in their opposition to the Confederacy because of its white supremacist policies. b. The Davis administration ordered the Navajo to leave their ancestral territory. c. Slave owning Indians generally supported the confederacy. d. Treating Indian tribes as fully independent nations, the Confederacy sent ambassadors to the Five Civilized Tribes. e. Confederate troops massacred Indians on several occasions, most notably at Sand Creek, Texas.

c. Slave owning Indians generally supported the confederacy.

19. On what grounds did the Supreme Court decide in favor of the slaves on the Amistad? a. They had reached British soil and were therefore emancipated. b. They were free according to the provisions of New York State law. c. They had been brought from Africa in violation of the international ban on the slave trade. d. As they had not yet been purchased by any white owner, they were still free men. e. They shared the same constitutional rights as any American.

c. They had been brought from Africa in violation of the international ban on the slave trade.

4. An advantage of water transportation over road transportation was that a. canals cost less to construct than roads. b. canal construction was easier to do than road construction. c. canals increased the speed of commerce over long distances. d. the federal government preferred to fund canal projects over road transportation. e. canals made Philadelphia the center of commerce for midwestern trade.

c. canals increased the speed of commerce over long distances.

7 Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he a. did not believe slaves could be productive American citizens. b. owned slaves himself. c. feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union. d. did not want to support the policies of the Radical Republicans. e. promised during his 1860 campaign that he was against abolition.

c. feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union.

3 Which of the following became an established business as a result of the Civil War? a. the penny press b. printed sheet music c. photography d. lithography e. political campaign management

c. photography

10. Which of the following was pioneered by abolitionist societies? a. the use of the telegraph b. fund-raising through charity fairs c. the printing of tracts and pamphlets d. speaking tours e. the Underground Railroad

c. the printing of tracts and pamphlets

4 Approximately how many Union and Confederate soldiers died during the Civil War? a. 110,000 b. 245,00 c. 440,000 d. 750,000 e. 988,000

d. 750,000

5. America's first commercial railroad was the a. Pennsylvania Railroad. b. Union Pacific Railroad. c. Reading Railroad. d. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. e. South Carolina Railroad.

d. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

23Which was a result of the 1861 attack on Fort Sumter? a. Davis gained control of the most essential fort in the South. b. Support for the Confederacy collapsed in South Carolina. c. The Union army lost more than 3,000 soldiers. d. Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot. e. Virginia and North Carolina defected from the Confederacy.

d. Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot.

22In the 1860 election, who was the presidential candidate to have significant support in all parts of the country? a. Abraham Lincoln b. John Breckinridge c. John Bell d. Stephen Douglas e. Will Seward

d. Stephen Douglas

3 How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy? a. In the twentieth century, former slaves became the majority owners of big plantations. b. By the turn of the twentieth century, a higher percentage of African-Americans voted than whites. c. By 1900 in the South, whites were focused on creating harmony between the races. d. The nation's first African-American colleges were established. e. Within fifty years of Reconstruction, a majority of African-American families owned land.

d. The nation's first African-American colleges were established.

20. Which is evidence of women's power over family affairs during the nineteenth century? a. the practice of women signing contracts with domestic servants without consulting their husbands b. a rise in the popularity of books and magazines written for a female audience c. an increase in church attendance d. declining birth rates e. the idea that women should contribute to the "family wage"

d. declining birth rates

9 Lincoln's issuance of an emancipation proclamation a. was delayed on the advice of General George McClellan. b. won universal support throughout the North. c. led to a strong Republican showing in the congressional and state elections of 1862. d. followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam. e. led Great Britain to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.

d. followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam.

6 Because President Johnson ended land reform and no land distribution took place, a. most white yeoman farmers were able to become plantation owners. b. the South industrialized and most African-Americans got jobs in factories. c. the task system became the dominant labor system in the cotton-producing regions. d. the vast majority of rural African-Americans remained poor and without property. e. plantation owners no longer wielded economic and political power.

d. the vast majority of rural African-Americans remained poor and without property.

3. Most utopian reform communities a. celebrated the individualism of the market revolution. b. prioritized the right of private property and condemned communism. c. glorified traditional gender relations. d. tried to reorganize society on a cooperative basis. e. believed the widening gap between rich and poor was natural and inevitable.

d. tried to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

7.In the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States gained the most territory through a. purchasing territory from Russia. b. a treaty with Great Britain. c. purchasing territory from France. d. wars with Mexico. e. purchasing territory from Spain.

d. wars with Mexico.

16Which event sparked Abraham Lincoln's reentry into politics? a. Compromise of 1850 b. Mexican-American War c. Dred Scott decision d. raid on Harpers Ferry e. Kansas-Nebraska Act

e. Kansas-Nebraska Act

20. Which feminist expressed the idea that women and men should have equal opportunities to achieve "self-fulfillment"? a. Elizabeth Cady Stanton b. Lucretia Mott c. Sarah Grimké d. Dorothea Dix e. Margaret Fuller

e. Margaret Fuller

5 Which characterizes Grant's abilities as a general? a. ruthless in his treatment of enemy soldiers and of civilians in enemy territory b. a brilliant organizer who could be overly hesitant to commit his troops to battle c. highly effective in holding territory, but unable to achieve significant advances d. a cautious and intelligent steward of those under his command e. a daring yet logical strategist who wasn't afraid to incur high casualties for strategic aims

e. a daring yet logical strategist who wasn't afraid to incur high casualties for strategic aims

6. By 1840, the temperance movement in the United States had a. united Americans of all classes and religions in a "war" against alcohol. b. virtually disappeared. c. convinced Congress to pass a national prohibition law. d. made no measurable impact on Americans' drinking habits. e. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

e. encouraged a substantial decrease in the consumption of alcohol.

8 The crop-lien system a. applied only to African-American farmers, as white farmers rarely grew cotton after the war. b. grew more desirable and attracted more workers as farm prices increased in the 1870s. c. enabled yeoman farmers to continue to function under the same system as before the Civil War. d. annoyed bankers and merchants who resented how it made them dependent on farmers. e. kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

e. kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

11. In the 1840s, nativists blamed immigrants for a. epidemics in American cities. b. an increase in Protestant revivalism. c. terrorism. d. a decline in the sale of alcohol. e. urban crime and political corruption.

e. urban crime and political corruption.

7 Sharecropping a. meant that African-Americans were paid a daily wage for doing specific tasks. b. was a compromise between African-Americans' desire for discipline and planters' desire to learn to do physical labor. c. was most popular in the old rice plantation areas of South Carolina and Georgia. d. became more popular because of rising farm prices that brought increased prosperity. e. was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision.

e. was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor, because they were less subject to supervision.

4 For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant a. voting rights. b. landownership. c. political freedom. d. education. e. immediate relocation to the North.

b. landownership.

18. Which tribes were targeted by the Indian Removal Act of 1830? a. the Apache, Pueblo, and Navajo b. the Lenape and Powhatan c. the Iroquois Confederacy d. the Five Civilized Tribes e. the Sioux, Pawnee, and Comanche

d. the Five Civilized Tribes

9 After the Civil War, cotton prices a. stayed the same. b. benefited from successful economic policies. c. fluctuated for a while. d. rose. e. dropped.

e. dropped.

2 The majority of men who fought for the Union army were a. southerners. b. farm boys, shopkeepers, artisans, and urban workers. c. experienced veterans. d. wealthy. e. manufacturers, bankers, and entrepreneurs.

b. farm boys, shopkeepers, artisans, and urban workers.

10. Which was a component of the Monroe Doctrine? a. The United States vowed to oppose efforts by European powers to establish any new colonies in the Americas. b. The United States and France signed a mutual assistance treaty, agreeing to aid one another in case of attack by a foreign power. c. The United States pledged financial support for the establishment of industry in the newly independent nations of South America. d. The United States formally declared its intention of claiming territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. e. The United States declared its intention to adopt the metric system for official weights and measures by 1850.

a. The United States vowed to oppose efforts by European powers to establish any new colonies in the Americas.

10The southern Black Codes a. allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts. b. allowed former slaves to testify in court against whites and to serve on juries. c. were some of the first laws adopted as part of Radical Reconstruction in 1867. d. were denounced by President Johnson and declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. e. pleased northerners because they saw that the rule of law was returning to the South.

a. allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

22. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 a. established equal rights as the basis of the early women's rights movement. b. was a gathering of mostly working-class women. c. focused entirely on the issue of women's suffrage. d. opposed the right to vote for women. e. affirmed the cult of domesticity.

a. established equal rights as the basis of the early women's rights movement.

17"King Cotton diplomacy" led Great Britain to a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South. b. recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America. c. repudiate the Emancipation Proclamation. d. use its warships to break the Union blockade. e. stage multiple raids from Canada into the Upper Northwest.

a. find new supplies of cotton outside the South.

14The Fifteenth Amendment a. guaranteed that one could not be denied suffrage based on race. b. made states responsible for determining all voter qualifications. c. granted women the right to vote in federal but not state elections. d. was endorsed by President Andrew Johnson. e. was drafted by Susan B. Anthony.

a. guaranteed that one could not be denied suffrage based on race.

11Radical Republicans a. hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race. b. believed it was necessary to reduce federal power in order to establish and protect civil rights. c. all supported Thaddeus Stevens's land distribution proposal. d. voted against the Fourteenth Amendment. e. opposed the Reconstruction Act.

a. hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

5.When Democrats demanded the "reannexation" of Texas in 1844, they a. implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase. b. were consciously appealing to northern Whigs. c. were seeking to take the slavery issue out of the presidential campaign. d. neglected to say anything about the status of Oregon. e. realized their stand would not be very popular in the South.

a. implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase.

25. In the presidential election of 1840 a. the Whigs employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats. b. voter turnout dropped dramatically because no popular candidate like Jackson ran. c. the Democrats nominated three regional candidates, hoping to throw the election into the House of Representatives. d. the Democrats and Whigs both produced platforms that clearly laid out the parties' positions on major public issues. e. the Whigs again nominated Henry Clay.

a. the Whigs employed political tactics pioneered by Democrats.

18During Radical Reconstruction in the South, a. the first interracial governments in U.S. history accomplished a great deal, despite violent opposition. b. about 2,000 African-Americans held political office, but only in local governments. c. white voters provided the majority of the Republican Party's support. d. Republicans included "carpetbaggers," who were white Republicans born in the South. e. Republicans included "scalawags," who were white northerners who moved to the South.

a. the first interracial governments in U.S. history accomplished a great deal, despite violent opposition.

15. The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women a. were the Grimké sisters. b. was Frederick Douglass. c. was Susan B. Anthony. d. were Henry Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. e. was James G. Birney.

a. were the Grimké sisters.

24By examining Reconstruction from 1863 to 1877, what conclusion can be drawn? a. It remade the South economically. b. Equal rights for African-Americans continued to increase after 1877. c. It was one of the most complex time periods in American history. d. It was a total failure and left no blueprint for the future. e. The United States had become a declining world power in regard to trade.

b. Equal rights for African-Americans continued to increase after 1877.

3.Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? a. The Methodist Church, the nation's largest denomination, called on all its members to free their slaves. b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. c. Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating slavery. d. President John Tyler's antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by John C. Calhoun. e. As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near, Americans became obsessed with slavery.

b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

21. What choice best describes the concept of a "family wage"? a. All members of the family over the age of twelve should contribute to the family income. b. The male head of household should earn enough to support his wife and children. c. Husband and wife should contribute equally to the family income. d. Domestic servants should be paid decently because they are essentially members of the family. e. Women should retain control over family bookkeeping so that men can maximize their working hours.

b. The male head of household should earn enough to support his wife and children.

17. Which statement describes the status of free people of color during the market revolution? a. They were embraced by northern craft guilds. b. White employers only employed black workers in menial positions. c. They sought opportunities available in the West. d. They suffered economically and thus emigrated to Canadian cities. e. They were increasingly employed as skilled laborers and artisans.

b. White employers only employed black workers in menial positions.

15The idea that change comes slowly can be evidenced by what event during Reconstruction? a. After the Civil War, most slaves had to wait a long time to escape their masters. b. Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment. c. African-Americans were denied membership in churches. d. African-Americans did not get elected to political offices. e. African-Americans had no interest in having their own businesses.

b. Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment.

3. Which improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century? a. the transcontinental railroad b. canals and steamboats c. the factory system d. a system of federally financed roads e. the establishment of an efficient postal system

b. canals and steamboats

8. What action did Union general John Frémont take in Missouri in 1861? a. attacked a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians b. decreed the freedom of Missouri's slaves c. declared escaped slaves contraband of war d. accepted escaped slaves as soldiers e. captured Forts Henry and Donelson

b. decreed the freedom of Missouri's slaves

11The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 a. won the grudging support of Ralph Waldo Emerson as a necessary compromise. b. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement. c. was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott case. d. angered southerners by weakening an earlier law on fugitive slaves. e. convinced Abraham Lincoln to retire briefly from political life.

b. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

6. Which group represents the typical pattern of western migration between 1790 and 1840? a. lone, male pioneers, who sent for their families once they'd established a homestead b. groups who helped one another clear land, put up buildings, and establish communities c. recently married couples who did not yet have any children, although many of the women were pregnant d. groups of young men in fierce competition with one another for resources and land e. immigrant families from southern Europe, who proceeded west on trains from the port cities

b. groups who helped one another clear land, put up buildings, and establish communities

22The Bargain of 1877 a. allowed Samuel Tilden to become president. b. led to the appointment of a southerner as postmaster general. c. marked a compromise between Radical and Liberal Republicans. d. called for the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment. e. was made by Grant to prevent his impeachment over the Whiskey Ring.

b. led to the appointment of a southerner as postmaster general.

17Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been a. owners of large southern plantations before the Civil War. b. non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War. c. enslaved African-Americans before emancipation. d. Union soldiers during the war, but then they decided to stay in the South. e. Confederate officers and Confederate government officials during the Civil War.

b. non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern upcountry prior to the Civil War.

20Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan of Reconstruction a. guaranteed that blacks would hold at least 10 percent of the seats in Congress. b. offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation. c. was supported by most free blacks in New Orleans. d. was supported by most Radical Republicans. e. guaranteed that black southerners would have a role in shaping the post-slavery order.

b. offered amnesty and full restoration of property rights (except property in slaves) to white southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union and supported emancipation.

24. The idea of leveling the playing field between worker and management was best personified in the writings of which American? a. Karl Marx b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. Orestes Brownson d. Henry David Thoreau e. Joseph Smith

c. Orestes Brownson

13. The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called a. a meritocracy. b. the spoils system. c. paternalism. d. the party system. e. nepotism.

b. the spoils system.

1 Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom? a. Sensing the continued hatred of whites toward them, most blacks wished to move back to Africa. b. Most blacks stayed with their old masters because they were not familiar with any other opportunities. c. Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior. d. Desiring better wages, most blacks moved to the northern cities to seek factory work. e. Most blacks were content working for wages and not owning their own land because they believed that they had not yet earned that right.

c. Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.

22. What was the primary reason Andrew Jackson opposed the Bank of the United States? a. He believed that the bank was a great equalizer, and therefore would anger his wealthy supporters. b. The bank was firmly behind using gold and silver, but Jackson believed the economy needed paper money to survive. c. He believed that no institution should possess such concentrated power and economic privilege, unaccountable to the people. d. The bank disproportionally benefited small farmers and laborers, a social class Andrew Jackson despised. e. The bank was pressuring him to run for another term in office, while Jackson wished to return to a simple life.

c. He believed that no institution should possess such concentrated power and economic privilege, unaccountable to the people.

12Which of the following statements is true of the Fourteenth Amendment? a. It abolished the principle of "birthright citizenship"—citizenship for all persons born in the United States. b. It allowed states to deprive any person the right to life, liberty, or property without due process of law. c. It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person. d. It prevented the federal government from intervening in the states to protect the civil rights of Americans. e. It guaranteed African-American men the right to vote.

c. It prohibited all states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person.

24Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had what result? a. The government ignored the rights of African-Americans. b. It increased the power of small landowning farmers and shopkeepers. c. It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists. d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency. e. It weakened the power of the federal government.

c. It shifted power from slave-owning planters to northern capitalists.

9.The opening of Japan to U.S. trade led to what? a. Japan creating its own minstrel shows. b. Other nations wanting to carve up Japanese territory. c. Japan becoming a modernized military power. d. The United States becoming much less interested in China. e. Japan attacking Russia.

c. Japan becoming a modernized military power.

2 Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War? a. Anglican and Catholic b. Congregational and Presbyterian c. Methodist and Baptist d. Lutheran and Methodist e. Episcopal and Baptist

c. Methodist and Baptist

24. According to Catharine Beecher, how were women supposed to influence people on an issue? a. work diligently b. get a college education c. demonstrate peace and love d. learn how to shoot a gun e. show the best way to do domestic duties

c. demonstrate peace and love

6.During the Mexican War a. Mexican troops occupied much of Texas after winning at the Alamo. b. the bulk of the fighting occurred in California. c. for the first time, U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital. d. an American revolt in California led briefly to a monarchy. e. Whigs strongly supported Polk's policies.

c. for the first time, U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital.

23. In his essay "The Laboring Classes," Orestes Brownson argued that a. wealth and labor were at war. b. each worker's problems had to be understood individually. c. government was the cause of workers' problems. d. workers were lazy and easily tempted by alcohol. e. workers had achieved true freedom thanks to free enterprise.

c. government was the cause of workers' problems.

4. On the eve of the Civil War, cotton a. was no longer a significant part of the U.S. economy. b. had been replaced by wool in the New England textile mills. c. made up over half of the total value of American exports. d. was harvested mainly in African countries. e. was primarily grown and harvested by wage laborers.

c. made up over half of the total value of American exports.

7. Reform movements of the 1820s and 1830s a. mostly opposed the imposition of Protestant morality on society. b. --- c. often drew inspiration from the Second Great Awakening's perfectionism outlook. d. generally advocated that individuals should be free to do as they pleased. e. excluded women altogether.

c. often drew inspiration from the Second Great Awakening's perfectionism outlook.

13In the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, a. the Whig Party became a southern party. b. the North became solidly Democratic. c. the unity of the Democratic Party was shattered. d. the Democratic Party became more united than ever. e. Stephen A. Douglas retired from politics.

c. the unity of the Democratic Party was shattered.

20. Enslaved people's efforts to escape from slavery a. always succeeded. b. always failed. c. undermined proslavery propaganda about contented slaves. d. were undermined by Canada, which returned all fugitive slaves to the United States. e. were undermined by Mexico, which returned all fugitive slaves to the United States.

c. undermined proslavery propaganda about contented slaves.

21The Wade-Davis Bill a. called for implementing Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan. b. would establish the right to vote for black men. c. would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans. d. was supported by Lincoln. e. became law in 1863.

c. would guarantee equality before the law for African-Americans.

1. What "holy cult" did the French writer Alexis de Tocqueville identify in America in the 1830s? a. "the holy cult of the Holy Ghost" b. "the holy cult of individuality" c. "the holy cult of the market" d. "the holy cult of freedom" e. "the holy cult of domesticity"

d. "the holy cult of freedom"

16. Compared to slave revolts in Brazil and in the West Indies, slave revolts in the United States were a. larger in scale but less frequent. b. smaller in scale but more frequent. c. larger in scale and more frequent. d. smaller in scale and less frequent. e. bloodier and more successful.

d. smaller in scale and less frequent.

1. Why did Mississippi politician Jefferson Davis object in the 1850s to the original design of the Statue of Freedom that now adorns the U.S. Capitol dome? a. He disliked the fact that the sculptor was a former slave, thus suggesting that blacks were as gifted as whites. b. The use of a soldier as the key figure made the nation appear too militaristic. c. It portrayed "Freedom" as a nude woman, which he saw as inappropriate. d. Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on "Freedom" raised a touchy matter about slaves' longing for freedom. e. He believed using "freedom" in the statue's name was a subtle attack on slave states, so he preferred using "justice" instead.

d. Its use of an ancient Roman liberty cap on "Freedom" raised a touchy matter about slaves' longing for freedom.

23. Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true? a. Turner and his followers assaulted mostly men. b. Fewer than twenty whites were killed during the rebellion. c. Turner escaped capture. d. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion. e. It occurred in Georgia.

d. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

18Which is true of slaves and the Confederate army? a. Robert E. Lee had petitioned for slaves to serve as soldiers at the outset of the war. b. The majority of slaves willingly fought alongside their masters. c. The Confederate government never authorized enlisting slaves as soldiers. d. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military throughout the war. e. Most slaveholders supported their slaves serving as soldiers for the Confederacy.

d. Numerous slaves worked as laborers for the Confederate military throughout the war.

5 The Freedmen's Bureau's greatest accomplishments were in a. legal representation and employment. b. land redistribution and law enforcement. c. prosecuting Confederates and rebuilding southern infrastructure. d. education and health care. e. suffrage and citizenship for African-Americans.

d. education and health care.

21The Liberal Republican movement in 1872 a. sought stronger action to ensure the political and social rights of African-Americans in the South. b. was led by President Grant as a way of countering a Democratic resurgence in the southern states. c. was successful in electing Rutherford B. Hayes president of the United States that year. d. initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South. e. drew most of its strength from southern black leaders such as James S. Pike and Albion Tourgée.

d. initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South.

12.Which was a factor in the rise of the Republican Party? a. a decline in immigration from Europe b. a shift of the northern population to large cities. c. the opening of the major ports in San Diego and San Francisco d. integration of the northern economy following the completion of the railroad network e. a decline in coal mining and iron manufacturing

d. integration of the northern economy following the completion of the railroad network

22. As the sectional conflict over slavery intensified, southern states a. scheduled open debates on the topic of slavery. b. encouraged membership in abolitionist societies. c. suppressed the expression of proslavery views. d. suppressed the expression of antislavery views. e. promised to abolish slavery within twenty years.

d. suppressed the expression of antislavery views.

16. The market revolution led to the rise of a new middle class. By the early 1820s, approximately how many physicians lived in the United States? a. 50 b. 600 c. 2,000 d. 5,500 e. 10,000

e. 10,000

14Which statement is true regarding free labor ideology? a. Free labor ideology glorified the South as the home of progress, opportunity, and freedom. b. According to free labor ideology, economic independence was of limited importance to freedom. c. Free labor ideology was most popular among poor southern whites. d. Free labor and slavery could coexist peacefully for an unlimited amount of time. e. According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen.

e. According to free labor ideology, slavery must be kept out of the territories so that free laborers could move up to the status of landowning farmers and independent craftsmen.

25. When analyzing the election of 1876, what conclusion can be drawn? a. Rutherford Hayes did poorly in the western states. b. The Republican Party did a good job protecting the voting rights of African-Americans in Mississippi. c. A majority of northerners wanted to enforce Reconstruction policies more stringently. d. The Republican Party had increased its support in the South. e. If Tilden had won Louisiana, Florida, or South Carolina, he would have been president.

e. If Tilden had won Louisiana, Florida, or South Carolina, he would have been president.

25. Which state enacted a far-reaching law allowing married women to sign contracts and buy and sell property? a. New Jersey b. Massachusetts c. Vermont d. Pennsylvania e. New York

e. New York

23The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the a. Equality Era. b. Gilded Age. c. Socialist Era. d. Information Age. e. Second Reconstruction.

e. Second Reconstruction.

21What key component of the 1860 Republican platform had never before been part of a major party's platform? a. There should be no national banking system. b. Slavery should be abolished in the Upper South. c. The government needed to protect industry with a tariff. d. Federal money should be used to improve and extend transportation. e. Slavery should not be extended into new states and territories.

e. Slavery should not be extended into new states and territories.

10Which statement is true about black soldiers in the Civil War? a. At the beginning of the war, the Union army encouraged northern blacks to enlist. b. About 2,000 African-American men served in the army and navy by the end of the war. c. Frederick Douglass tried to discourage black men from enlisting to fight in the war. d. Black soldiers in the army received equal pay and equal treatment during the war. e. The wartime service of black soldiers inspired Abraham Lincoln to advocate for partial enfranchisement of blacks.

e. The wartime service of black soldiers inspired Abraham Lincoln to advocate for partial enfranchisement of blacks.

25. Colonel John Chivington is remembered for a. becoming a martyr when tortured and killed by Sioux warriors. b. leading the cavalry charge that turned back a Confederate assault at Shiloh. c. his refusal to surrender his Confederate troops until weeks after Lee's final surrender. d. organizing a band of pro-Union Creek Indians who fought bravely at Vicksburg. e. leading an attack that killed perhaps 150 Indian men, women, and children.

e. leading an attack that killed perhaps 150 Indian men, women, and children.

23 President Abraham Lincoln a. lived to see the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. b. still opposed all voting rights for African-Americans at the time of his assassination. c. was unwilling to change or expand his views on slavery and race over the course of his presidency. d. called for, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, retribution against the South for its sins of slavery and war. e. suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery.

e. suggested, in his second inaugural address in March 1865, that the whole nation was complicit in the sin of slavery.

1. What did Andrew Jackson symbolize to most Americans during the "Age of Jackson"? a. the insidious nature of political rhetoric b. the failure of democracy c. the nobility of the hereditary elite d. the spirit of pacifism e. the triumph of political democracy

e. the triumph of political democracy

17. Which is true of the Underground Railroad? a. It was created by Harriet Tubman following her escape from slavery. b. Three of its "conductors" were jailed for treason and held until the beginning of the Civil War. c. It began in New Orleans and reached south to Mexico City. d. It focused on helping escaped slaves reach either free states or Canada. e. By the time of the Civil War, it is believed to have helped 100,000 slaves to reach freedom.

a. It was created by Harriet Tubman following her escape from slavery.

2. By 1840, 90 percent of which group in the United States was eligible to vote? a. adult white men b. adult U.S. citizens c. African-American adults d. adult women e. Native American adults

a. adult white men

8. Which provided the first significant career opportunity for women in the nineteenth century? a. common schools b. abolitionist societies c. newspapers d. orphanages e. Protestant churches

a. common schools

18. During the first half of the nineteenth century, free black Americans a. could not, under federal law, obtain public land. b. found, as whites did, that the West offered the best opportunities for economic advancement. c. rose in economic status, but more slowly than whites. d. joined with white artisans in biracial unions that successfully struck for higher wages. e. formed predominantly upper-middle-class communities in the North.

a. could not, under federal law, obtain public land.

23. "Hard money" in the 1830s referred to a. gold and silver, also called "specie." b. wages paid to manual laborers. c. money backed by government guarantees. d. any money issued by a bank. e. highly inflated currency after the Panic of 1837.

a. gold and silver, also called "specie."

4. What innovation led to mass production of newspapers and pamphlets in the 1820s and 1830s? a. the invention of the printing press b. Noah Webster publishing a dictionary for Americans c. the spread of telegraph wires d. the use of steam power for presses e. the creation of a postal system

a. the invention of the printing press

10. The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from a. England and Germany. b. Germany and Ireland. c. China and Ireland. d. Mexico and England. e. Germany and China.

b. Germany and Ireland.

16. What was the purpose of the bloomer? a. It was designed to make single women more physically attractive. b. It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive. c. It was made for stage performances in New York. d. It was military garb for Union soldiers. e. It was clothing for religious ceremonies.

b. It was functional clothing that made work less restrictive.

21. What contribution did Sojourner Truth make to the women's rights movement? a. She organized the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848. b. She urged a focus on the plight of poor and working-class women. c. She was the first American woman to lecture to mixed male and female audiences. d. She publicly chastised prominent men who visited prostitutes. e. She participated in the movement against Indian removal.

b. She urged a focus on the plight of poor and working-class women.

13. The role of African-Americans in the abolitionist movement a. was limited to the writings and speeches of Frederick Douglass. b. included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper. c. showed that the movement was free from the racism that characterized American society. d. was limited because the American Anti-Slavery Society banned them from its board of directors. e. grew over time until, by the 1850s, the movement was dominated by blacks.

b. included helping to finance William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper.

4. Although it lasted only a few years, the New Harmony community a. demonstrated that workers could function without discipline. b. influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates. c. popularized the abolitionist movement. d. allowed Josiah Warren to prove his point about absolute individual freedom. e. inspired the formation of more than a dozen offshoot communities by 1850.

b. influenced education reformers and women's rights advocates.

8. The end of slavery in most Latin American nations a. resulted from violent slave revolts that rocked Latin America from 1822 to 1855. b. involved gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of owners' legal rights to slave property. c. was inspired by the emancipation of slaves that occurred as a result of the American Civil War. d. followed a pattern very different from that established in the northern United States. e. did not happen until the United States made emancipation an aim of the Spanish-American War.

b. involved gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of owners' legal rights to slave property.

7. Which was a component of the American System? a. States would be responsible for financing roads and canals. b. new national bank c. Slavery would not be allowed to spread north of latitude 36°30′. d. The United States would not become involved in wars in Europe. e. Tariffs on imported goods would be reduced in order to encourage trade.

b. new national bank

13. Free blacks in the United States a. had the same rights as whites in the North but faced far more restrictions in the South. b. tended to live in rural areas if they lived in the Lower South. c. sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves. d. made up nearly one-third of the African-American population in the South. e. could testify in court and vote in most states but needed the local sheriff's approval to carry firearms.

b. tended to live in rural areas if they lived in the Lower South.

22. In Northeast cities during the market revolution, a. neighborhoods became more ethnically mixed. b. the wealth gap between the rich and poor significantly widened. c. population declined. d. wealth inequality declined. e. political corruption declined.

b. the wealth gap between the rich and poor significantly widened.

9. The term "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of American history when a. the Federalist Party was at its strongest. b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration. c. Americans united across party lines to declare war on Great Britain in the War of 1812. d. slavery was gradually abolished in all the states. e. Democrats and Whigs cooperated to solve the nation's financial crisis.

b. there seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration.

16. The nullification crisis a. involved the fears of some slaveholders that the federal government might act against slavery. b. was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North. c. largely concerned the opposition of southwestern planters to federally financed internal improvements. d. brought Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun closer together politically. e. attracted support from Whigs like Daniel Webster, who saw it as an opportunity to embarrass and annoy Jackson.

b. was based on southern concerns that tariffs were preventing the South from industrializing as fast as the North.

21. What was the significance of the publication A Son of the Forest? a. It was the first political biography designed to rally support for a presidential candidate. b. It was responsible for creating Jackson's image as a "common man." c. It was the first significant autobiography written by a Native American. d. It was the first significant work of American environmental literature. e. Its glorification of the West revived lagging sales of federal land.

c. It was the first significant autobiography written by a Native American.

14. Which is true of the Second Great Awakening? a. Popular transcendentalist speakers revived interest in Deism. b. The movement was largely confined to the northeastern states. c. Its religious ideals complemented the secular focus on self-reliance and self-improvement. d. It consolidated religious leadership into the hands of a few powerful ministers in each region. e. Its focus on self-restraint and simple living counteracted the force of the market revolution.

c. Its religious ideals complemented the secular focus on self-reliance and self-improvement.

23. By saying all humans are "moral beings," Angelina Grimké was in a way extending what concept? a. John Winthrop's concept of Massachusetts as a "city on a hill" b. the Second Great Awakening idea that people had to choose whether they wanted salvation c. John Locke's idea that all men had natural rights d. Thomas Jefferson's concept that the United States was an "empire of liberty" e. Thomas Paine's belief that the American colonies could win their independence

c. John Locke's idea that all men had natural rights

15. The Book of Mormon states that a. Joseph Smith was divine. b. the second coming of Christ would occur in Europe. c. Native Americans were descended from people from the Middle East. d. Joseph Smith's visions were untrue. e. the market revolution needed more infrastructure to be successful.

c. Native Americans were descended from people from the Middle East.

10. How did conditions for slaves in the United States compare to those in the Caribbean by the mid-nineteenth century? a. Life expectancy for slaves in the United States was nearly ten years less than for slaves in the Caribbean. b. Infant mortality rates were significantly higher for slaves in the United States. c. Slaves were typically better fed in the United States than they were in the Caribbean. d. Laws in the United States afforded slaves significantly stronger legal protection against ill treatment and cruel punishments. e. While slave owners in the United States could legally choose to free their slaves, freeing slaves was illegal in the Caribbean.

c. Slaves were typically better fed in the United States than they were in the Caribbean.

5. In the decades before the Civil War, the southern states a. developed larger cities than the northern states. b. had higher literacy rates than the northern states. c. industrialized very little compared to the northern states. d. attracted more immigrants than the northern states. e. developed a larger public school system than the northern states.

c. industrialized very little compared to the northern states.

14. Which statement is true regarding women in the abolition movement? a. Most women abolitionists were atheists. b. All abolitionists supported the right of women abolitionists to speak in public. c. much of the abolition movement's grassroots strength derived from the northern women d. Women abolitionists were rarely involved in other reform movements. e. Most women abolitionists were from southern states.

c. much of the abolition movement's grassroots strength derived from the northern women

2. The U.S. slave population on the eve of the Civil War was approximately a. 1 million. b. 2 million. c. 3 million. d. 4 million. e. 5 million.

d. 4 million.

20. Which Indian nation fought a war with the U.S. Army from 1835 to 1842 to resist removal to the West? a. Cherokee b. Chickasaw c. Creek d. Seminole e. Choctaw

d. Seminole

25. What was culturally expected of a white middle-class woman in the period from 1800 to 1840? a. She would pursue a college education before marriage. b. Once her children were in school, she would take a job outside the home to supplement the family's disposable income. c. She would give birth to 6-10 children, in order to increase the population. d. She would find fulfillment by focusing her energies on her family and home. e. She would be responsible for producing the daily foodstuffs and necessities that her household required.

d. She would find fulfillment by focusing her energies on her family and home.

19. What was the role of the Supreme Court in the protection of Native American lands? a. The Supreme Court prevented Native Americans from losing access to land in Georgia. b. The Supreme Court believed the Native Americans deserved no protection. c. The Supreme Court ruled that the Seminole War was illegal. d. The Supreme Court was unable to enforce any form of protection. e. The Supreme Court urged legislation to be passed that created reservations.

d. The Supreme Court was unable to enforce any form of protection.

15. Which statement is a correct assessment of the Whigs? a. The Whig leadership criticized the American System. b. Their programs connected best with voters in isolated rural areas. c. They hoped to derail the market economy. d. They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of its people. e. The Whigs believed that active state governments were essential to increasing freedom.

d. They argued that the role of government was to promote the welfare of its people.

18. The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments a. did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue. b. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. c. was written primarily by the Grimké sisters. d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women. e. inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

3. In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor? a. tobacco b. indigo c. sorghum d. cotton e. rice

d. cotton

9. As a result of the market revolution, skilled craftsmen generally a. gained more control over their workday. b. increased the complexity of their skills. c. worked more at home. d. ended up producing only one part of a product. e. accepted their loss of economic freedom without protest.

d. ended up producing only one part of a product.

9. Common schools a. had no connection to the emerging industrial economy. b. were based on the idea that the elite should be educated in their own schools. c. were opposed by labor unions that wanted children available to work. d. existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War. e. proved as popular in the North as they were in the South.

d. existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War.

19. What came to be redefined as a personal moral quality associated more and more closely with women? a. freedom b. liberty c. virtue d. family e. temperance

d. family

17. What was the greatest accomplishment of the abolitionists by 1840? a. getting all slaves freed b. helping free, on average, 5,000 slaves a year c. getting Abraham Lincoln elected president d. making slavery a prominent topic of conversation e. gaining the right to vote for women

d. making slavery a prominent topic of conversation

8. What was a slave coffle? a. a small uprising of slaves b. a group of escaped slaves traveling together c. the minimum price per head for a slave at auction d. slaves chained together on forced marches to the Lower South e. small one-room homes provided for each slave family by plantation owners

d. slaves chained together on forced marches to the Lower South

11. Which were free blacks in the South legally prohibited from doing? a. marrying b. socializing with slaves c. owning property d. striking a white person in self-defense e. living in cities

d. striking a white person in self-defense

2. According to Alexis de Tocqueville, what were the most important institutions for organizing Americans? a. the state and federal governments b. schools c. political parties d. voluntary associations e. churches

d. voluntary associations

24. The Panic of 1837 a. inspired a more vigorous labor movement in the decade that followed. b. led to a relatively mild economic downturn that resolved itself by 1839. c. was exclusively the product of Andrew Jackson's war on the national bank. d. was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton. e. helped farmers, because the cost of transporting goods to markets fell.

d. was caused, in part, by a decline in British demand for American cotton.

17. The nullification crisis ended a. in the so-called Dorr War. b. with North Carolina's threat to secede in 1832. c. with the Supreme Court's opinion in Hamilton v. Jackson. d. with a compromise tariff. e. with Daniel Webster's powerful pro-nullification speech to the Senate.

d. with a compromise tariff.

12. What was the significance of the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin? a. It used accounts from southern newspapers to condemn the practice of slavery. b. It retold the story of the American Revolution with a focus on black Americans. c. It was the first major novel authored by an ex-slave. d. It presented slaves and slave owners in equally sympathetic terms. e. It portrayed slaves as sympathetic and fully human characters.

e. It portrayed slaves as sympathetic and fully human characters.

3. What was a broadly accepted idea in the United States in the 1830s that was also a departure from Western thought? a. Only propertied people should participate in politics. b. Only highly educated people should participate in politics. c. Race and gender should not be barriers to political participation. d. Race and gender are social constructs. e. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

e. Sovereignty belongs to the mass of ordinary citizens.

21. Why is 1831 considered a turning point for slavery in the American South? a. The slave population outnumbered the white population for the first time. b. Virginia became the first southern state to abolish slavery. c. The U.S. Supreme Court decided in favor of the slaves aboard the Amistad. d. William Lloyd Garrison's abolitionist journal, The Liberator, ceased publication. e. The proslavery argument became more strident as forces seemed to be aligning against slavery.

e. The proslavery argument became more strident as forces seemed to be aligning against slavery.

1. Which is true of plantation owners in the nineteenth century? a. They frequently broke the law by knowingly buying slaves imported from Africa. b. They were often first-generation British or French immigrants. c. They typically supported the Republican Party. d. They were very public about their ambivalence toward slavery. e. They insisted that slavery was required in order for whites to be truly free.

e. They insisted that slavery was required in order for whites to be truly free.

11. The 1823 Monroe Doctrine a. was inconsistent with the idea of manifest destiny. b. was not a significant aspect of U.S. foreign policy until the twentieth century. c. declared that all republics in the Western Hemisphere were equal, and no republic should dominate another. d. was primarily aimed at preventing trade with new Latin American nations. e. reflected a rising sense of U.S. nationalism.

e. reflected a rising sense of U.S. nationalism.

5. What colonial-era approach did institutions such as orphanages and poorhouses replace? a. workhouses and work camps b. community- and family-based care for those in need c. indefinite imprisonment d. church-funded charity networks e. squatter communities outside of cities and larger towns

e. squatter communities outside of cities and larger towns