US History 1 A TJ to Tyler Test

nullification theory

US State has the right to invalidate any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional

war of 1812

a war between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France; the US did not have England as a trading partner anymore, British invaded DC and burned the White House; helped identify Americans as Americans. Patriotism

blockade

a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy

adams-onis treaty

agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

interchangeable parts

identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing; created by Eli Whitney; positive effects were that a damaged part of a rifle could be replaced by a new part and eventually led to the mass protection of goods; negative effects were that it caused a lower need for master craftsmen

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

memorized the way that the British made machines and he brought the idea to America; made the first cotton spinning machine

John C. Calhoun

proposed nullification theory

southern agriculturalists

saw wealth in the north and did not benefit from the tariffs

John Quincy Adams

sixth president under Monroe; in 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty; the Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work

national bank

strong monetary system; first national bank's charter expired in 1811 and the second national bank opened in 1816

tariff of abominations

tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

protective tariff

tax on imported goods to encourage Americans to buy domestic products

1832 presidential election

the Bank of the U.S. became a major issue in this election

wage labor

the arrangement by which workers get a regular paycheck in exchange for performing a specific task

James Monroe

the fifth President of the United States; wrote Missouri Compromise in 1821; put in place the Monroe Doctrine

national road

the first highway built by the federal government; ran from Cumberland, MD —> Vandalia Illinois

spoils system

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

states' rights

the rights and powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government.

Andrew Jackson

the seventh President of the United States; a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans; opposed the Bank of America; objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws; increased the presidential powers.

slave labor

the work performed by slaves for no wages

1824 presidential election

this election was determined by the House of Representatives because no candidate received the majority vote; all were democratic republicans which caused the Federalist Party to collapse; John Quincy Adams won

Francis Scott Key

wrote the Star Spangled Banner

louisiana purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France; made by Jefferson; doubled the size of the US; Jefferson had to use a loose interpretation of the constitution; increased the slave owning states

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States; wrote the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

xyz affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

kitchen cabinet

A small group of Jackson's friends and advisors who were especially influential in the first years of his presidency. Jackson conferred with them instead of his regular cabinet. Many people didn't like Jackson ignoring official procedures, and called it the "Kitchen Cabinet"

impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams

force act

Jackson's response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1832; enabled him to make South Carolina comply through force; Henry Clay reworked the tariff so that South Carolina would accept it, but after accepting it, South Carolina also nullified the Force Act

sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

monroe doctrine

Monroe warned all European nations not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere. They should only try to establish new colonies or overthrow newly created republics. This message was sent to Congress in 1823

indian removal act

Passed in 1830; let Andrew Jackson negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi

missouri compromise

a compromise over the issue of slavery in Missouri; it was decided that Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state; all states above the 36° 30' (except Missouri) were free states and all below were slave states

embargo act

a law proposed in 1807 that prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries

cotton gin

a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber; created by Eli Whitney; helped produce and clean cotton faster but caused a greater demand for cotton plants and slaves

factory system

a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building

industrial revolution

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods; transformed the nation from agricultural to industrial

nationalism

a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country; together as Americans

Henry Clay

a strong supporter of the American System; a war hawk for the War of 1812; speaker of the House of Representatives; known as "The Great Compromiser"

northern manufacturers

benefited the most from tariffs

Tecumseh

defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811; was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813

american system

devised by Henry clay and introduced by Madison in 1815; was set to unify the nation; the south and west would trade raw materials/resources to the north where they would manufacture them into finished goods and sell them back to the southern and western farmers; was never fully implemented due to southern resistance; protective tariffs, transportation, and a national bank were needed for it to work

tariff of 1816

first protective tariff in American history; created to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812

James Madison

fourth President of the United States;