U.S. History 1 - Chapter 4 Test
Tidewater Plantations
..a region of flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast. This is where large plantation would be found. The plantation grew labor intensive crops such as tobacco and rice. The need for labor required the use of enslaved Africans.
Explain the triangular trade and its effect on American society.
American colonies were linked to the world through trade. When crops such as tobacco and rice were in great demand in Europe, the practice of slavery increased in the colonies. Tobacco and slavery were labor intensive crops and indentured servants were no longer a profitable option.
What man was born to a poor family, but made a fortune as a printer in Philadelphia, (his experiments with electricity made him famous) and became one of the richest men in the colonies?
Benjamin Franklin
What movement that began in Europe in the mid-1700s and was based upon the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society?
Enlightment
Who did the British send in to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley?
General Edward Braddock
What happened during the 1700s that involved religious rivals that swept through the colonies?
Great Awakening
William Pitt's role in the conflicts of the period.
Great Britain's fortunes improved after William Pitt came to power as Secretary of State and then prime minister. Outstanding military planner Able to pick skilled commanders Oversaw the war from London Great Britain would pay for war supplies during the war. It would delay when the colonists would have to pay for the war taxes on the colonies would be imposed after the war.
Chief Pontiac'srole in the conflicts of the period.
He believed that English settlers threatened their way of life. In 1763, Chief Pontiac led Native Americans in attacks on British Forts and colonial settlements in a series of raids that were called Pontiac's War.
How was Washington viewed by the colonist's even though he was defeated at Fort Necessity?
He was a hero because he struck the first blow against the French
What leg of the triangle trade brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies?
Middle Passage
The victory in what North American city brought an end to the fighting in North America?
Montreal
Parliament passed several laws in between 1651 and 1673, these laws made sure that only England benefited from the trade with the colonies. What were these laws called?
Navigation Acts - they angered colonist because they were designed so that only Great Britain was benefiting from trade.
In what region would you find a well-organized town, with a common area called a green and a meeting house at the center of town?
New England
What were the series of Native American raids that were made on British forts called?
Pontiac's War
Who did the Treaty of Paris give the port of New Orleans too?
Spain
The Iroquois were able to remain neutral is dealing with the French and British for awhile, who did they reluctantly side with?
The British
Based in New York, this was the most powerful Native American group.
The Iroquois Confederacy
What treaty was signed to end the Seven Years' War?
The Treaty of Paris
European wars involving colonists and Native Americans, led to the proposal of the Albany Plan of union.
The colonies were attempting to work together to defend themselves from the French. They were also hoping to persuade the Iroquois to take their side against the French.
What did some colonists do to get around England's Navigation Acts, that were passed in the 1650s and the 1670s to control colonial trade?
They smuggled
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
a plan for a single unified government
Backcountry farmers
a region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater. Settled by newcomers, they grew corn and tobacco and small farms. They usually worked alone or with family members. Some had one or two enslaved Africans.
What did the law that the Massachusetts Puritans pass in 1647 require all communities with 50 or more homes to have?
a school
Where in the Southern Colonies would you find independent small farmers that greatly out-numbered the plantation owners?
backcountry
What kind of crops did farmers in New York and Pennsylvania produce that they sold in colonial markets and overseas?
cash crops
In what type of colonies did colonists elect their own governors and members of the legislature?
charter colonies
What is it call when the English goods were _________, or sold abroad, to produce profits for the country during the 1600s and 1700s?
exported
What was the reaction to Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity?
he was thought of as a hero for striking a blow against the French
In order to obtain repayment for the war debt, what did British government to do the colonists?
it would delay when the colonist would pay for the was, they would raise their taxes
Who did large plantation owners hire to keep the enslaved Africans working hard?
overseers
What were the strict rules called that governed the activities of enslaved Africans?
slave codes
What kind of farming was practiced in New England?
subsistence farming - they produced enough for their families needs with little left over to sell or exchange.
The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by Britain after the Seven Year's War. What did the Proclamation state?
that no land west of the Appalachians could be settled
What religion did French Missionaries want to convert Native Americans?
the French Missionaries converted the Native Americans to Catholicism
How were the French and British views of the Ohio Valley different?
the French wanted the area for trading and the British wanted it for the land and resources
What made it easy for the French and Native Americans to ambush General Braddock's army?
the were wearing bright red jackets and could be seen easily
What was the relationship like between the French and the Native Americans?
they often married Native American women and adopted their way of life
Why did the English build Fort Necessity?
to force the French out of the Ohio Valley
Why did Governor Dinwidde of Virginia sent George Washington to the Ohio country?
to tell the French that they were trespassing
What was grown in most of the colonies because there was a large demand for it in Europe?
tobacco
Who in the American colonies had voting rights in the 1700s?
white men who owned property