US History - 7th - Chapter 1 - Section 3 - North American Peoples
What other structures did the Anasazi build?
dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs
What objects have archaeologists found in the mounds?
freshwater pearls, shells, cloth and copper - this shows that they had wide-spread trade
What took place at the temple on top of the greatest mound in Cahokia?
priests studied the movements of the sun and stars priest-ruler of Cahokia lived legend of the Natchez people gives hints that it was directly linked to Mexico
What were the mounds in Central North America used for?
some were burial chambers and others had temples at the top
What did the Iroquois League Council accomplish?
they created a constitution Constitution was written down after the Europeans arrived
Which animals from the Great Plains men hunt?
Antelope, deer and buffalo
Which other early American groups developed in the Southwest region in the 1500's?
Apache and Navajo
When were the mounds built?
Archaeologists believe that they were built about 1000 BC
When did the Anasazi live?
At the same time as the Hohokam - 1AD to 1300 AD
Where did the Hohokam get shells?
By trading with the coastal people
Which was the largest settlement of Mound Builders?
Cahokia
Where did the Pomo people live and what did they eat?
Central valley of California Acorns that they pounded to make flour
What were the Iroquois and Cherokee known for?
Complex political systems They had formal law codes Formed Federations
Why did the Anasazi abandon their larger villages?
Droughts that caused crops to die
What type of dwellings did the Nez Perce and Yakima have?
Earthen houses
Who did the Native Americans meet in the 1500's?
Europeans who had a different way of life, cultures, beliefs
Which food sources did the people living along the Northern California coast have?
Fished for fish
Where did the Anasazi live?
Four Corners - place where current day Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico meet
Where were the mounds built?
From present-day Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River Valley
What are Federations?
Governments that linked different groups
What was the most important structure in Cahokia?
Great pyramid-shaped mound, with a temple at the top
Who lived after the Adena?
Hopewell, who lived 200 BC to 500 AD They were farmers and traders. They built large burial mounds in the shape of birds, bears and snakes
Which civilizations were formed by the descendants of the Anasazi?
Hopi, Acoma and Zuni
Who were the Adena?
Hunters and Gatherers who lived in the Ohio Valley around 800 BC
What type of people were the Apache and Navajo?
Hunters and gatherers They hunted deer and other animals
What is another name for the Iroquois League?
Iroquois Confederacy
What does the pueblo bonito look like?
It is located in New Mexico It is a huge semicircular structure of stone and sun-dried earth. It resembles an apartment building It is 4 stories high and has hundreds of rooms
What does the finding of the road system linking Pueblo Bonito to other villages show?
It was an important trade or religious center for the Anasazi
What did the Anasazi build?
Large stone dwellings that the Spanish called "Pueblos", or villages.
What are droughts?
Long periods of time with little rainfall
What did the Navajo grow?
Maize and beans They also raised sheep
Which cultures existed in North America before the Europeans arrived?
Many, but the most advanced were the Hohokam and Anasazi of the Southwest and Mound Builders of the Ohio River Valley
Where did the Hohokam come from?
Maybe from Mexico at about 300 BC
Where is Cahokia located and who built it?
Modern day Illinois Built by people called the "Mississippians" Had about 16000 residents
Where did the Cherokee people live?
Mountains of Georgia and the Carolinas
Where did the Iroquois live?
Near Canada in modern day New York State
Which people lived in the plateau region?
Nez Perce and Yakima
What type of people were living in the Great Plains?
Nomadic Their villages were temporary, lasting only for one or two seasons
What is the Mesa Verde?
One of the largest and elaborate Cliff Dwelling of the Anasazi in Colorado. Held several thousand inhabitants
What is the "pueblo bonito"?
One of the most spectacular of the Anasazi pueblos
Who were the Inuit?
People who settled in the northernmost part of North America They are believed to be the last migrants who crossed the land bridge into North America
Where did the Hohokam people live?
Present-day Arizona
Which root was important to the Nez Perce people and Yakima?
Root of the camas plant, relative of the lily
What was the main food source for the Tlingit, Haida and Chinook?
Salmon They preserved it by smoking it over fires
What was the main food source for the people in the plateau region?
Salmon as well as deer, roots and berries
Where did the Hopi, Acoma and Zuni live?
Southwest
Who were the earliest Mound Builders?
The Adena
Who tamed wild horses?
The Comache, the Dakotas and other Great Plains people
Which people lived in the Southwest region?
The Creek, Chickasaw and Cherokee
Which famous burial mound did the Hopewell build?
The Great Serpent Mount
Which people lived in the eastern North America?
The Iroquois and Cherokee
Which was the largest mount in Cahokia?
The Monks Mound - 100 feet in height
What were the people who built the mounds called?
The Mound Builders
Which people eventually settled into stationary communities in the Southwest area?
The Navajo
Who lived on the Northwestern Coast?
The Tlingit, Haida and Chinook
What is the plateau region?
The area between the Cascade Mountains and the Rocky Mountains?
Why did many groups live on the West Coast?
The climate was mild and there were dependable food sources
What did the Ute and Shoshone eat?
The dry climate made the soil too hard and rocky for farming so they traveled in search of food They ate small animals, pine nuts, juniper berries, roots and small insects They made temporary shelters since they traveled a lot
What were the Inuit known for?
Their skills to survive in the cold Arctic climate In the winter they built igloos They made clothes from furs and sealskins They were hunters and fishermen They burned seal oil in lamps
What did the people living in the more bare areas of California eat?
They collected roots and seeds
How did the Tlingit, Haida and Chinook survive?
They developed a way of life that used resources from the forest and sea They build wooden houses and made canoes, cloth and baskets from tree bark They used spears and traps to fish for salmon
What did the people of the Great Plains do with their homes when they moved from place to place?
They dragged their homes with them They had "teepees" - cone-shaped tents made of skins
Did the Iroquois nations get along?
They fought against each other until the late 1500's. Then they formed the Iroquois League
How were the women of the Iroquois League?
They held positions of power They chose 50 men to serve on the league council
Where did the Chickasaw people live?
They lived in Mississippi and farmed the river bottomlands
What was the food source of the Hopi, Acoma and Zuni?
They raised corn, or maize, as their basic food. They grew beans, squash, melons, pumpkins and fruit
Where did the Anasazi go when they began leaving the pueblos and cliff dwellings in 1300AD?
They settled in smaller communities
Which jobs did the Great Plains women do?
They tended plots of maize, squash and beans
Where did the Creek people live?
They were a loosely knit farming community who lived in present-day Georgia and Alabama.
What made the Cliff Dwellings important?
They were easy to defend Offered protection from winter weather
What were the houses of the Navajo people like?
They were square homes called "hogans"
Which people seem to have influenced those living in North America?
Those living in Mexico and Central America
What did the prehistoric Native Americans build in Central North America?
Thousands of mounds of earth that look much like stone pyramids of the Maya and Aztec
What was the objective of the Iroquois people?
To have peace
What did the people in the Southwest region participate in?
Trade network throughout the Southwest and into Mexico
Who lived in the Great Basin area between Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains?
Ute and Shoshone
What did the Great Plains people use horses for?
Warfare
Which animals did the Inuit hunt?
Whales, seals and walruses Caribou, deer
Did Native Americans live in North America when the Europeans began to arrive?
Yes, North America was home to many different societies at that time
What did Cahokia loo like?
a great city in Mexico, eventhough it was about 2000 miles away
What linked Pueblo Bonito to other villages?
complex road system
What did the Creek people grow?
corn, squash, tobacco and other crops
What were the Hohokam experts in doing?
1. Getting water from sun-baked soil 2. Their way of life depended on the irrigation channels they dug to carry river water to their fields 3. They also left potter, carved stones and shells etched with acid
Which were the five Iroquois nations?
1. Onondaga 2. Seneca 3. Mohawk 4. Oneida 5. Cayuga
When did the Hohokam flourish?
300 AD to 1300 AD in an area bordered by the Gila and Salt River Valleys
What were the dwellings of the Hopi, Acoma and Zuni called?
Adobe - homes built from sun-dried brick
Who lived in present day California?
A large variety of cultures