U.S. History - Chapter 21
What caused the division in the civil rights movement?
The difference Malcom X promoting violence and MLK denouncing violence
How did the CORE influence SNCC?
adopted king's ideas
How did the boycott end?
in 1956, the supreme court finally outlawed bus segregation.
How did the Plessy vs. Ferguson case legalize segregation?
the supreme court ruled that the 'Separate but equal' law did not violate the 14th Amendment
What problems were faced by African Americans living in Northern cities?
they faced segregation, which was segregation that exists by practices and customs. Hard for them to change laws because they have been around for a long time
How did civil rights organizers integrate Southern campuses and towns?
A student organization called Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) commonly white students organized campuses and went to towns to promote civil rights. They actively help and support unions and students organizations and guide them on their course to fight for their welfare.
How did civil rights workers try to win a voting rights act? What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 guarantee?
Act that struck down state laws intended to keep blacks from voting
How did television coverage of the Birmingham marchers affect legislation?
End segregation, only a new Civil Rights could end racial violence and satisfy the African Americans and whites for racial justtice
How did the Brown decision affect the cause of civil rights?
Ended segregation in schools as a violation of the 14th amendment's equal protection clause
What was Malcolm X's appeal as a leader to African Americans?
Good speaker, young, and was not afraid to call to action
What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s response to the rhetoric of Black Power?
He believed that by using that phrase it would provoke African Americans to using violence and antagonize whites.
How did the violence against the freedom riders affect President Kennedy?
He had to in-force it more strictly and send federal troops in to fight
How did Thurgood Marshall help advance the cause of civil rights?
He helped overrule Plessy v. Ferguson ruling in the Brown v. Board Education trial
Who was James Meredith and what did he do?
He was an air force veteran who won a federal court case that allowed him to enroll in the all-white University of Mississippi
How did the Black Panthers reflect a growing radicalism in segments of the movement?
If violence was necessary they were going to use it
Why did the Supreme Court issue a second ruling enforcing the Brown decision?
Initially President Eisenhower refused to enforce compliance saying 'the fellow who tries to tell me that you can do these things by force is just plain nuts'
How did freedom riders expose Southern resistance to desegregation rulings?
It showed there were a lot of people against because of the violent attacks made, and these were exposed through the many news crews
Who inspired Martin Luther King Jr.?
Jesus, writer Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi
What issues did the NAACP use to challenge the Plessy vs. Ferguson case?
Morgan v. Virginia, the supreme court declared unconstitutional those state laws mandating segregated seating on interstate buses Sweat v. Painter state law schools much admit black applicants, even if separate black schools exist
What happened in cities across America after King's assassination?
Over 100 cities exploded in flames
What was SNCC?
Student Nonviolence Cordinating Committee
How did sit-ins advance the cause of the civil rights movement?
Students defended on and desecrated lunch counters in some 48 cities and 11 states
What famous speech was given at the March?
The "I have a Dream" speech was given here
What was the Kerner Commission?
The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
What caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa parks refused to give up her seat for a white person and got arrested.
Why did civil rights activists organize the March on Washington?
The purpose was to demand the immediate passage of the Civil Rights Bill.
What prevented millions of African Americans from voting in the South?
The whites would beat up anyone who tried to vote.
Why was King visiting Memphis when he was assassinated?
To support the city's striking garbage workers
How did Malcolm X alienate Black Muslims?
Using violence and self defense went against what the Black Muslims taught
How successful was the civil rights movement in getting rid of de facto segregation?
Very successful
How successful was the civil rights movement in getting rid of de jure segregation?
Very successful
What world event inspired African Americans to fight for civil rights at home?
WWII- job opportunities and they fought in the war
How did young people respond to King's leadership?
With enthusiasm
Did the March achieve its goals?
Yes