US History - Chapter 6

What is a utopia?

A utopia is a perfect society. Many people would say a utopia is impossible to achieve, and indeed, most utopian communities in the 1800s eventually failed.

What prevented President Jackson from approving Sam Houston's request to annex Texas? A. He faced staunch opposition in Congress. B. He wanted to avoid another costly war with Mexico. C. He was more concerned with the British in the Oregon Territory. D. He feared it would harm the Democrats in the upcoming elections.

A. He faced staunch opposition in Congress.

How did the common-school movement change education in the United States? A. It created a national public school system. B. It ended family involvement in education. C. It applied a common curriculum to all schools. D. It eliminated private and charity schools.

A. It created a national public school system.

The concept American expansionists used to justify westward territorial growth was called A. Manifest Destiny B. Territorial Security C. Transcontinental Right D. American Providence

A. Manifest Destiny

How was the idea of Manifest Destiny used to justify westward expansion? A. Many thought the United States had a right to own all of North America. B. Many shared the Mexican desire to fight for independence from Spanish rule in the West. C. Some thought the native peoples living in western U.S. colonies should be independent. D. Some encouraged strengthening American Indians in the West to promote economic growth.

A. Many thought the United States had a right to own all of North America.

In the 1800s, the political reason for anti-Catholicism was that A. Protestants feared Catholics would be more loyal to the Pope than to the nation. B. Protestants feared the government would establish Catholicism as the state religion. C. Catholics had gained too much political power in Congress. D. Protestants believed Catholics would try to end religious tolerance.

A. Protestants feared Catholics would be more loyal to the Pope than to the nation.

Which acquisition was a contributing factor in the start of a war? A. Texas B. Florida C. Louisiana D. Alaska

A. Texas

Why were the Shakers such a radical sect to emerge? A. They believed in gender equality. B. They formed self-sufficient communities. C. They called for the abolition of slavery. D. They formed a new religion independent of Protestantism.

A. They believed in gender equality.

How was the Mormons' decision to move westward different from other settlers from the East and Midwest? A. They were fleeing religious persecution. B. They were protesting government taxation. C. They left in search of more profitable farmland. D. They hoped to strike it rich in the California gold rush.

A. They were fleeing religious persecution.

What was the Gag Rule? A. a law which prohibited debate and discussion in Congress on the subject of slavery B. a rule passed in the South that outlawed African Americans from speaking in public C. a congressional decision to prohibit abolitionists from publishing antislavery materials D. a federal law that prohibited arguments in support of slavery's economic benefits

A. a law which prohibited debate and discussion in Congress on the subject of slavery

The Wilmot Proviso disrupted American politics because it A. created sectional divisions within each party. B. established land titles in Texas dating back to Spanish rule. C. set Northern states against Southern states. D. tried to ban slavery in the South.

A. created sectional divisions within each party.

Educational reformers faced resistance from those who believed that A. education should include specific religious training. B. children should be required by law to attend school. C. corporal punishment should be abolished in schools. D. educated people have unfair advantages over uneducated people.

A. education should include specific religious training.

According to pro-slavery advocates, slave labor was superior to wage labor because A. employers and workers were not always fighting over wages. B. such a system was more in tune with current religious thought. C. corporal punishment kept slaves working hard in all conditions. D. slaves worked faster than free laborers.

A. employers and workers were not always fighting over wages.

Many of the Mountain Men who created trails through the Rockies saw financial opportunities in A. fur trading. B. mining gold. C. hunting buffalo. D. subsistence farming.

A. fur trading.

What geographic factor contributed to San Francisco's growth after 1848? A. its good harbor B. its proximity to mountains C. its abundance of land for farming D. its roads and railroads leading to mines

A. its good harbor

The temperance movement attributed the nation's allegedly high rates of crime, sickness and poverty to the A. widespread use of alcohol. B. lack of a public school system. C. ineffectiveness of the nation's prisons. D. effects of industrialization in the cities.

A. widespread use of alcohol.

In what ways did industrialization affect women's lives and status in society?

As a result of industrialization, more women were able to work outside the home in textile mills and factories. This increased their economic independence and allowed them to associate with other working women. These relationships helped them organize to strikes for better wages and working conditions and encouraged a new consciousness of women's rights.

According to President Polk, why did he compromise with the British on splitting the Oregon Territory? A. He had made an agreement with Canadians who were plotting to revolt against British rule. B. He did not want to risk a costly war with Britain when he was eager to go to war with Mexico. C. He thought the United States should not expand into the Oregon Territory. D. He wanted to undermine any power northern politicians in Congress might be able to use.

B. He did not want to risk a costly war with Britain when he was eager to go to war with Mexico.

How was Henry David Thoreau's imprisonment in 1846 a consequence of his philosophy of civil disobedience? A. He wanted to show that Unitarians would rather be imprisoned than fight a war. B. He refused to pay taxes that financed the Mexican-American War. C. He destroyed part of a railroad that was harmful to the environment. D. He angered powerful political figures with his anti-religious speeches.

B. He refused to pay taxes that financed the Mexican-American War.

How did the Second Great Awakening affect the institution of slavery? A. All the traveling preachers were abolitionists. B. People began opposing slavery on religious grounds. C. Free African Americans began preaching against it. D. More African Americans joined Baptist congregations.

B. People began opposing slavery on religious grounds.

Why did Catholics face discrimination in the early 1800s? A. Protestants feared that the Catholic Church had too much wealth. B. Protestants feared that their allegiance to the Pope threatened democracy. C. They acquired political power in many states. D. Many Catholics came from Ireland, which was controlled by Great Britain.

B. Protestants feared that their allegiance to the Pope threatened democracy.

Why were southern Democrats overwhelmingly in favor of going to war with Mexico? A. They hoped the war would politically damage the rival Whig Party. B. They expected conquered territory would enter the Union as slave states. C. They believed Mexico had deliberately provoked the war by engaging U.S. troops. D. They wanted an end to the long-standing border dispute between Texas and Mexico.

B. They expected conquered territory would enter the Union as slave states.

The Second Great Awakening inspired social reform because of its emphasis on A. state-sanctioned religion. B. improvement and change. C. the wretchedness of humanity. D. obedience to church hierarchy.

B. improvement and change.

Hard rock mining allowed wealthy investors to dominate the gold mining industry in California because A. it was similar to placer mining. B. it required expensive equipment and deep tunnels. C. it exploited poorly paid labor from China. D. it depended on railroads connecting to the East Coast.

B. it required expensive equipment and deep tunnels.

Californians wanted California to enter the Union as a free state because A. they understood the injustice of slavery. B. they did not want southerners using slave labor to find gold. C. there were already more slave states than free states. D. they wanted to tip the balance in Congress in favor of free states.

B. they did not want southerners using slave labor to find gold.

Supporters of slavery grew increasingly violent and used outlandish arguments to justify slavery because A. they wanted to spread slavery throughout the Union. B. they feared that the abolition of slavery would destroy their economy. C. they were convinced that abolitionists were telling lies about slavery. D. they were trying to convince their slaves not to rebel.

B. they feared that the abolition of slavery would destroy their economy.

The key purpose of the Wilmot Proviso was A. to secure southern Arizona and the New Mexico territories. B. to ban slavery in all territories gained from Mexico. C. to finalize the terms of Mexico's surrender. D. to secure the southern border of Texas.

B. to ban slavery in all territories gained from Mexico.

How were the goals of the Mormons and the travelers of the Oregon Trail different? How were they similar?

Both groups wanted to begin their lives anew. The Mormons sought religious freedom and settled in the dry lands of Utah, while other travelers continued over the mountain ranges to settle in the Pacific Northwest.

Compare and Contrast the discrimination that Catholics and Jews faced during this time period.

Both groups were ostracized and relatively powerless. Many Catholics were poor immigrants from Ireland. They were willing to work for low wages, which threatened other workers.

What did the United States accomplish with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

Both the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase allowed the United States to acquire land from Mexico.

How did President Polk gain Northern support for the annexation of Texas? A. He gave American citizens permission to settle in British Columbia. B. He agreed to split the territory between the United States and Mexico. C. He threatened to go to war with Britain if it did not concede all of Oregon. D. He promised that newly acquired Mexican territories would not allow slavery.

C. He threatened to go to war with Britain if it did not concede all of Oregon.

How did the Underground Railroad help enslaved African Americans? A. It published abolitionist literature on its printing presses. B. It seized weapons from guardhouses and gave them to slaves. C. It provided a network of escape routes toward the North. D. It established a colony in Africa where escaped slaves could live.

C. It provided a network of escape routes toward the North.

Once settlers arrived at the new homestead, how might they have replenished their supplies? A. They traveled to the nearest town to buy new supplies. B. They ordered supplies through the local post office. C. They made, gathered, or grew what they needed, or they did without. D. They waited until the next supply wagon came through the area.

C. They made, gathered, or grew what they needed, or they did without.

How did Spanish leaders stimulate New Mexico's population and economic growth? A. by lowering taxes to attract new settlers B. by increasing trade with the United States C. by creating alliances with the American Indians D. by limiting the amount of land one person could own

C. by creating alliances with the American Indians

Which of the following contributed to Apache and Comanche raids on colonial settlements in New Mexico? A. drought B. smallpox C. competition for buffalo D. transportation of cattle

C. competition for buffalo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo forced Mexico to A. pay the United States several million dollars in war reparations. B. recognize slavery in territories occupied by Americans settlers. C. give up the northern region of their country to the United States. D. submit their plans for any territorial expansion to the U.S. Congress.

C. give up the northern region of their country to the United States.

Rather than following religious doctrines, Transcendentalists believed that people should A. supplement their devout religious practices with meditation. B. cast aside all religious doctrines and focus on individualism. C. listen to nature and to their consciences to learn the truth. D. separate themselves from mainstream society.

C. listen to nature and to their consciences to learn the truth.

By 1760, only about 1,200 colonists had settled in Texas because A. the goal of expansionists was to reach the West Coast. B. the need for inexpensive farmland was relatively small. C. the presence of Apache raiders was still a concern. D. the establishment of too many towns was problematic for ranchers.

C. the presence of Apache raiders was still a concern.

What was the main goal of the American Colonization Society? A. to return all free African Americans to Southern states B. to return all enslaved people in the South to Liberia C. to encourage the migration of free African Americans to Africa D. to establish colonies within Northern states for free African Americans

C. to encourage the migration of free African Americans to Africa

What was the main goal of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853? A. to expand settlements further west B. to avoid further conflict with Mexico C. to facilitate a railroad across the continent D. to ease tensions between North and South

C. to facilitate a railroad across the continent

Why does Garrison write, "Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm"? A. to urge abolitionists to act reasonably and with fairness B. to make the case that slavery can be moderated into a more just and favorable institution C. to show that the fight against slavery requires strong action rather than restraint D. to justify the use of violence in the struggle for freedom

C. to show that the fight against slavery requires strong action rather than restraint

How did hydraulic mining differ from placer mining? A. It used manual labor to extract gold. B. It led miners to look for gold in rivers and streams. C. It removed gold from deeper in the ground than placer mining. D. It separated greater quantities of gold at a time.

D. It separated greater quantities of gold at a time.

Why were the Whigs unwilling to block the declaration of war with Mexico? A. They hoped that Texas would enter the Union as a slave state. B. They believed that the war was justified on grounds of self-defense. C. They knew that the annexation of New Mexico and California depended on war. D. They felt that opposing a popular war was a political risk.

D. They felt that opposing a popular war was a political risk

Who was Nat Turner? A. a freedman who led a successful slave revolt near Charleston, South Carolina B. a former enslaved African American who became a brutal slaver overseer C. a former enslaved person who organized the Underground Railroad D. an enslaved African American who organized a slave revolt near Richmond, Virginia

D. an enslaved African American who organized a slave revolt near Richmond, Virginia

Frederick Douglass brought credibility to the Abolition movement because A. his powerful booming voice could reach all listeners in a public space. B. abolitionists argued against slavery from an economic perspective. C. he used passages in the Bible to condemn the institution of slavery. D. as a former slave, his stories of slavery's cruelty and injustice opened people's eyes.

D. as a former slave, his stories of slavery's cruelty and injustice opened people's eyes.

What practice did all of the Spanish borderland colonies have in common? A. exporting cattle B. growing cotton C. forming alliances D. establishing missions

D. establishing missions

The idea that governments should not be involved in religious affairs is called A. the anti-Sabbatarian reform movement. B. evangelical revivalism. C. anti-religious energy. D. the separation of church and state.

D. the separation of church and state.

California statehood increased political tensions because it A. seemed to reduce the rights of the gold miners. B. threatened to turn California into a slave state. C. suggested that the territory would no longer be part of Mexico. D. threatened the congressional balance between slave and free states.

D. threatened the congressional balance between slave and free states.

What was the primary reason Spain founded the colonies of Texas and California? A. to spread Christianity among the local American Indians B. to build alliances with French and Russian settlers C. to subdue the raiding Apache American Indians D. to create buffer zones to protect towns and mines in Mexico

D. to create buffer zones to protect towns and mines in Mexico

Create two lists—one identifying the difficulties and the other list identifying the opportunities that awaited migrants to the West.

Difficulties: a journey of nearly 2,000 miles and five months; travelers faced hunger, exposure, disease, poisoned streams. Opportunities: better farms in Oregon or California; migrants could start new lives on the west coast; Mormons gained security from hostile neighbors.

The Oregon Trail was full of difficulties and opportunities. Use the graphic organizer below to list what awaited settlers during this journey.

Difficulties: starvation; long journey that was 2,000 miles; had to get across two mountain ranges; disease; needed water for journey; many died. Opportunities: good weather; fresh water; land; religious tolerance; bigger and better farms.

What did Sam Houston do to earn his position as the first president of Texas?

Houston was a key leader in the rebellion against Mexico. He helped strike back against Mexico after the events at the Alamo.

What were the main ideas behind the Second Great Awakening?

Many preachers believed that salvation was open to all, not just to an elite, and that it was the individual's responsibility to gain salvation.

What were the goals of the prison reform movement?

People wanted criminals to regret their crimes instead of simply spending time in jail together with other criminals. The penitentiary movement encouraged individual reflection, which was meant to make criminals feel sorry for their actions. However, some of the techniques they used, such as solitary confinement, were even crueler than the conditions that prisoners had previously experienced

Summarize the arguments for and against the annexation of Texas by the United States. Who supported and opposed this action?

People who believed in Manifest Destiny supported the annexation of Texas because they believed it was a step toward the United States expanding all the way to the west coast. This included Polk and Andrew Jackson. Some abolitionists opposed the annexation of Texas because it was a large slave state. They feared this would give the southern slave states an advantage in Congress

Why did James K. Polk provoke a war with Mexico?

Polk wanted the United States to gain more land in the southwest. Therefore, he sent American troops to occupy land claimed by Mexico

Explain at least three different ways enslaved people responded to their captivity.

Some enslaved people fought against their masters and organized revolts. Other enslaved people escaped to the North or to Mexico. Still others stayed where they were and found comfort in religion.

Why did some Northerners support slavery?

Some white workers felt that free African Americans threatened their jobs. Additionally, Northern textile mills depended on Southern cotton plantations and did not want to lose their supplies of raw material.

How were the Spanish colonists' relationships with the Apaches different from their relationships with the Pueblo as they settled the American Southwest in the early 1800s?

Spanish colonists allied with the Pueblos for protection. The Apaches were nomads who often fought the settlers or raided their camps.

Why were New Mexico and California settled before Texas?

Spanish settlement of California was easier as American Indian groups there lacked the guns and horses necessary to raid the missions.

How did conflict develop between Spanish settlers and American Indians in the Southwest?

Spanish settlers began taking over lands that the nomadic American Indians relied on to maintain their traditional way of life.

Why didn't the people who settled Texas remain loyal to the Mexican government?

The Americans had different religious traditions and way of life. Many still practiced slavery. They also believed in economic freedom and democracy. .

How did the Apaches adapt to the changing culture of the West in the late 1700s and early 1800s?

The Apaches became more efficient hunters when they acquired horses from the Spanish. However, the Apaches had to flee the Great Plains because of threats from the Comanche and the Lakota.

How did the events of the California Gold Rush affect tensions that led to the Civil War?

The Gold Rush caused many people to move to California, and California applied to be a state in the Union. This heightened the tensions between the slave states and the free states that later led to the Civil War.

What other social movements in the 1800s affected people's view of slavery?

The Great Awakening made many people reconsider the morality of slavery. People began to realize that slavery violated people's essential rights. Other reform movements, such as school reform and the temperance movement, also reinforced the idea that society could be improved.

Why did the Mormons face discrimination in many places?

The Mormons held land as a group, which gave them wealth. They voted as a bloc, which made them politically powerful. Additionally, many of their practices were considered strange, such as allowing men to have more than one wife. Violence related to discrimination drove the Mormons from Illinois.

Explain how the Mountain Men were important to the process of settling the West.

The Mountain Men blazed a trail through the Rockies that linked the eastern United States with the Pacific Ocean. They traded with Mexico and made money by trapping animals for their fur.

Why did the Spanish choose to settle in New Mexico and California during that late 1700s?

The Spanish had built a rich and powerful empire in Mexico. They took over certain northern lands to protect Mexico from other European powers.

Name three groups or organizations that influenced the early settlement of Texas. Tell why each group was influential.

The Tejanos were Hispanic settlers who lived in Texas. They were the first people to settle in the area. The Mexican government was influential because it gave land away as an incentive to attract more settlers to Texas. Finally, many American settlers came to Texas to farm and make new homes. This helped Texas form its own identity and become linked with the United States.

What advantages did the United States have in the Mexican-American War?

The United States was larger and wealthier than Mexico. It had better supplies because of factories that produced arms and ammunition. It also had a superior navy with several exceptional officers.

Why did the Wilmot Proviso keep reappearing in Congress over the next 15 years?

The Wilmot Proviso was a sign of the tension between slave states in the South and free states in the North. Congress tried to ignore the issue, but it kept returning.

How did the slave revolt led by Nat Turner affect slave owners and their supporters?

The revolt scared the slave owners, because they were afraid other slaves would be inspired to revolt. In response, slave owners enacted stringent laws that tried to prevent enslaved people from gathering in groups. However, these laws rarely worked.

Why did many Northerners oppose the Mexican-American War?

They did not want to add more slave states to the Union because they didn't want the slave states to become more powerful in the federal government.

How did Noah Webster's "spelling book" reflect the spirit of nationalism?

Webster's book helped rationalize the spelling of many words in English. He believed that these more rational spellings expressed American honesty and directness.

What was the relationship between Transcendentalism and religious doctrine?

While both were concerned with spiritual matters, Transcendentalists believed that truth could be found in nature and in personal conscience rather than in religious doctrine.

How did abolitionists spread their ideas to others?

William Lloyd Garrison published an antislavery newspaper called The Liberator. He distributed pamphlets through churches and community organizations. Some abolitionists, including Garrison and Frederick Douglass, gave speeches to convince others

What incident pushed President Polk to issue a declaration of war against Mexico? A. Mexican forces invaded and brought all of California under Mexican control. B. Santa Anna issued a declaration of war against the United States. C. Mexico claimed and sent troops to occupy the contested borderland between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. D. A Mexican patrol killed eleven American soldiers in the borderland.

D. A Mexican patrol killed eleven American soldiers in the borderland.

Which three states had the largest number of enslaved people during the period shown?

Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina

How did miners from the eastern United States assert their dominance over other minorities who came to California for the Gold Rush?

they instituted a heavy tax for foreign miners, which discouraged Chinese immigrants from mining.

A key reason Noah Webster's The American Spelling Book gained such popularity was that it A. emphasized America's cultural independence from England. B. emphasized America's connection to England and its heritage. C. focused on a new American "language" crafted from others. D. taught a distinctly aristocratic form of the English language.

A. emphasized America's cultural independence from England.

How did Vesey and Turner resist slavery? A. They ran away from their owners. B. They planned large-scale violent rebellions. C. They wrote narratives to raise awareness about slavery. D. They refused to work on their masters' plantations.

B. They planned large-scale violent rebellions.

The Mexican government hoped that if they allowed Americans to settle in Texas, the Americans would A. stabilize their government. B. encourage economic growth. C. weaken U.S. influence in the region. D. defend the region against Indian raids.

B. encourage economic growth.

The purpose of the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty was to A. prevent American settlers from settling in the Rocky Mountains. B. keep American Indians away from major westward trails. C. protect American Indian lands from homesteaders. D. provide a safe refuge for Mormons.

B. keep American Indians away from major westward trails.

In his pamphlet Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, on what did David Walker base his arguments against slavery? A. a critique of colonialism B. religious principles C. the practice of transcendentalism D. Transcendentalist philosophy

B. religious principles

Among Dorothea Dix's accomplishments was A. the passage of the "Maine Law." B. the creation of the first modern mental hospitals. C. the establishment of government-supported Sunday schools. D. the dismantling of the national prison system.

B. the creation of the first modern mental hospitals.

Why did California enter the Union as a free state?

Most of the forty-niners were from the North. They feared that Southerners would have an advantage in gold prospecting if they used their slaves to help search for gold.

Describe the role the Mountain Men played in American westward expansion.

Mountain Men explored the Rocky Mountains and made important discoveries. They also established trails through the mountains that thousands of pioneers would use to settle western lands.

Why was slavery such an important issue in the years leading up to the Civil War?

Slavery affected many aspects of life for both Northerners and Southerners. It was the economic foundation of the main industry in the South: cotton. It became a moral issue that many churches supported or opposed on moral grounds. It became political because slavery had become a vital economic element of the Southern way of life.

How did the California Gold Rush affect the city of San Francisco?

1. Gold found at Sutter's mill. 2. Over 200,000 miners came to San Francisco. 3. Some started businesses for the miners. 4. Mining camps and then cities were created.

Why did General Santa Anna's victory at the Alamo eventually lead to his defeat?

General Santa Anna wanted to stop the Texas rebels by showing his dominance. Instead, the slain rebels of the Alamo came to be regarded as martyrs, inspiring continued rebellion.

In what ways does the Mexican-American War connect with the much later Civil War?

It resulted in Texas being added to the Union as a slave state. It also allowed several key Civil War leaders to gain experience in combat.

What were the disadvantages of living in California in the early 1800s?

It was difficult for people living in California to trade with other countries and other parts of America because of the remote location.

Why was temperance such an important issue for many people?

Leaders of the temperance movement believed that alcohol abuse led to violence and crime and that wasting money on alcohol prevented people from buying food for their families.

Summarize some of the arguments slavery supporters used to justify slavery.

Some slaveholders argued that slave labor was superior to wage labor because workers and employers would always be at odds, while slaveholders and slaves were working toward a common goal. Some argued that slavery was supported in the Bible. Others argued that slavery was a foundation for the Southern economy and that it helped the Northern economy as well. Extremists argued that enslaved people could not survive without their slaveholders.

How did Susan B. Anthony influence the women's rights movement? A. She advocated extending the right to vote to women. B. She led legal challenges that allowed women to divorce their husbands. C. She led worker strikes that led to higher wages for women. D. She promoted legislation that would allow women to own property.

A. She advocated extending the right to vote to women.

The various reform movements that gained prominence in the United States in the early 1800s were largely a result of A. the Second Great Awakening. B. the women's rights movement. C. the end of British legal tradition. D. the Transcendentalist movement.

A. the Second Great Awakening.

hat were the immediate and long-term effects of the Seneca Falls Convention?

Although the convention had little immediate effect on women's rights, it allowed the suffrage movement to outline its goals. The convention also inspired future generations of young women, including leaders like Susan B. Anthony.

What rights does Douglass specifically say that women should gain? A. The right to own property and file for divorce B. The right to vote and participate in government C. The right to receive educational and employment opportunities D. The right to organize and participate in civil-rights movements

B. The right to vote and participate in government

The Grimké sisters' arguments against slavery and in support of women's equality were based on A. their experiences as former slaves. B. faith and reason. C. letters that they had written. D. economic principles

B. faith and reason.

The Married Women's Property Act was a step toward A. depriving women of inheritance rights. B. gaining women more financial independence. C. depriving men of their rights to own property. D. allowing women equal rights in education.

B. gaining women more financial independence.

What was the most significant factor limiting political advancement of women?

Because women were not well educated, many women were unable to effectively argue for their participation in government and in the voting process.

How were the goals of the women's movement similar to the goals of the abolitionists?

Both movements fought to extend the basic freedoms promised in the Constitution to disenfranchised groups—African Americans and women. However, the situations of African Americans and women were different. Although both groups lacked full political and social rights, white women were not enslaved.

Which of the following was a rallying cry for Anglo-Texans and Tejanos fighting for Texas independence? A. "Autonomy for All" B. "Down with Santa Anna" C. "Remember the Alamo" D. "Liberty for Texas"

C. "Remember the Alamo"

How did American women gain their first real opportunity for economic success outside of the home? A. The passing of anti-discrimination laws encouraged hiring in many industries. B. The founding of the first women's colleges made women more qualified employees. C. The industrialization of the Northeast created a need for workers. D. The publishing of the Declaration of Sentiments aroused public support.

C. The industrialization of the Northeast created a need for workers.

Which other movement in the early 1800s influenced the women's rights movement? A. the temperance movement B. the prison reform movement C. the abolition movement D. the public school movement

C. the abolition movement

The two most influential organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention were A. Susan B. Anthony and Margaret Fuller. B. Sarah Grimké and her sister Angelina Grimké Weld. C. Catharine Beecher and Sojourner Truth. D. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

D. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Limitations on women's rights, such as not owning property, holding public office, or the right to vote, were generally a result of A. the shift to matrilineal practices. B. the adherence to religious traditions. C. the following of traditional economic principles. D. the legal traditions that dominated the United States.

D. the legal traditions that dominated the United States.

Why were property rights such an important issue for the early women's movement?

If women lacked the right to own property, they were much less independent; they had to depend on men for financial support.

What did the social movements of the 1800s have in common?

Many of the social movements of the 1800s stemmed from an increased consciousness of essential human rights of all people as well as advocacy for those with limited rights. This included the abolitionist movement, the women's movement, the school reform movement, and the temperance movement. Some of the most important leaders, including Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, were advocates for more than one social movement.

What conditions freed up women to pursue reform?

Some women gained increased economic independence by working outside the home. Others gained independence by hiring housekeepers

What legal and economic rights did women lack in the early 1800s?

Women could not vote, hold office, or own land. Divorce was rare and usually resulted in the women getting almost nothing. Most women either could not or did not work outside the house. Few women were able to be formally educated.

How was life different for women in the 1800s than it is for women today?

Women's clothes in the 1800s were more restrictive, physically limiting what they could do in public. Women often had to give any money they made to their fathers or husbands. They usually were not able to gain custody of their children after a divorce.

What aspects of Manifest Destiny do you think were appealing to John O'Sullivan's audience?

The idea that the United States had a right to expand west must have appealed to people who wanted the right to settle in places where no one seemed to own the land.

In what ways did the Great Awakening help lay the foundation for the women's movement?

Women began joining reform groups sponsored by their churches. This gave them the organizing and public speaking experience that they would later use to fight for women's rights.

Which of General Santa Anna's positions and actions were particularly unpopular with Texans?

His dictatorial rule clashed with the beliefs of most Texans. Many people also resented his aggressive actions at the Alamo.

What were the goals of the public school movement?

Mann, Willard, Beecher, and the other leaders of the public school movement wanted to establish a system of good public education for all. They believed this would prevent oppression and promote economic growth and good citizenship.

How did mining change when hydraulic mining became more common than placer mining?

Placer mining could be done by anyone. These miners used pans, picks, and shovels to look for gold. Hydraulic mining used large machines to do this quickly with water. It was more efficient but was only possible for people who had money and resources to dedicate to it. This new way of mining signaled the end of the gold rush.

Explain why some abolitionists argued for a gradual approach to emancipation, while others favored immediate emancipation for all slaves.

Some abolitionists wanted a gradual emancipation so that the economy and society of the South would be able to slowly adapt to the loss of the slaves. Others wanted immediate emancipation because they believed that it was morally the right thing to do and that African Americans deserved full political and social rights.