U.S. History Chapters 11-15 Multiple Choice

Which of the following stories did NOT play a central role in black Christianity? a. Moses and the exodus from Egypt b. Noah and the ark c. David and Goliath d. Jonah and the whale e. Daniel and the lion's den

b. Noah and the ark

"Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of: a. Texas. b. Oregon. c. California. d. Mexico. e. Kansas and Nebraska.

b. Oregon.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that: a. most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government. b. states cannot interfere with vigorous federal enforcement of a broad array of civil rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. c. the federal government has sole authority under the Commerce Clause to regulate the meatpacking industry. d. voting rights of African-Americans under the Fifteenth Amendment cannot be abridged or denied by any state. e. Reconstruction had progressed too far and was now officially ended.

a. most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement? a. Catholics b. Protestants c. women d. perfectionists e. northern middle class

a. Catholics

The American Civil War began in April 1861, when: a. Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter. b. U.S. naval vessels bombarded the city of Wilmington, North Carolina. c. Confederate and Union cavalry clashed in disputed territory in Texas. d. General William Sherman led Union soldiers on a devastating march through Georgia. e. Confederate infantry attacked Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

a. Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter.

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE? a. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations. b. Their numbers grew through conversions and the adoption of orphans. c. They bred cattle for profit and made furniture. d. They believed that men and women were spiritually equal. e. They abandoned private property and traditional family life.

a. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.

The southern Black Codes: a. allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts. b. allowed former slaves to testify in court against whites and to serve on juries. c. were some of the first laws adopted as part of Radical Reconstruction in 1867. d. were denounced by President Johnson and declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. e. pleased northerners because they saw that the rule of law was returning to the South.

a. allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African-Americans by: a. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species. b. presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers. c. pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolts of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model of civilization. d. making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday throughout the North until the end of the Civil War. e. nominating Frederick Douglass for president in 1852 and winning him Vermont's electoral votes.

a. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

Monitor and Merrimac were: a. ironclad ships. b. steam locomotives. c. battle sites in Virginia. d. nicknames of Generals Grant and Lee. e. names of rifles.

a. ironclad ships.

During the first two years of the war, Union forces were generally: a. more successful in the West than in the East. b. ill-trained, which changed when General McClellan took over in 1863. c. successful in all regions in which the war took place. d. unable to take any territory held by the Confederates. e. more successful in the East than in the West.

a. more successful in the West than in the East.

The "Sea Island Experiment" refers to: a. northern reformers' efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom. b. the Confederacy's trial use of slaves as soldiers along the South Carolina coast. c. a U.S. government plan to introduce advanced technology to southern farming in order to decrease the need for slaves. d. the unsuccessful effort of General Ulysses Grant to allow former slaves to run their own farms in Mississippi. e. the code name for the Confederate navy's submarine-building program.

a. northern reformers' efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom.

The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from: a. older states like Virginia to the Lower South. b. Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi to Kentucky, Virginia, and Maryland. c. the West Indies to the Mississippi River Valley. d. the Lower South to the Upper South. e. the lower Mississippi River Valley to the upper Mississippi River Valley.

a. older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

In the South, the paternalist ethos: a. reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him. b. declined after the War of 1812, as southern society became more centered on market relations rather than on personal relations. c. suffered because southern slaveholders lived among their slaves, so that the groups' constant exposure to each other made southern slavery more openly violent than elsewhere. d. brought southern society closer to northern ideals. e. encouraged southern women to become more active and better educated so that they could help their husbands in their paternal roles.

a. reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans: a. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property. b. feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities. c. were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs. d. supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle. e. considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish.

a. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.

Frederick Douglass argued that: a. slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans. b. the United States should adopt a gradual emancipation plan that would eliminate slavery within forty years. c. free blacks would be better off if they moved to Liberia, where a colony of former American slaves had been founded. d. blacks should not serve in the U.S. army during the Civil War because of the racial discrimination they faced. e. free African Americans should "let down their buckets where they were" and accept inequality, at least for a period of time.

a. slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans.

The Fifteenth Amendment: a. sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race. b. made states responsible for determining all voter qualifications. c. granted women the right to vote in federal but not state elections. d. was endorsed by President Andrew Johnson. e. was drafted by Susan B. Anthony.

a. sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race.

What did the Fourth of July represent to Frederick Douglass? a. the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery b. the ultimate celebration of freedom c. a beacon of hope that someday America would honor the claim that "all men are created equal" d. an opportunity for slaves to join in a mass rebellion against their masters e. the anniversary of the day he ran away from his master and claimed freedom

a. the hypocrisy of a nation that proclaimed liberty but sanctioned slavery

Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America: a. was fundamentally a white society. b. wanted what was in the best interest of all the people. c. was not financially able to support all who lived there. d. provided opportunity for new land to those who desired it. e. was a land of diversity and equality.

a. was fundamentally a white society.

The first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal freedom and equality to the status of women: a. were the Grimké sisters. b. was Frederick Douglass. c. was Susan B. Anthony. d. were Henry Stanton and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. e. was James G. Birney.

a. were the Grimké sisters.

Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? a. The Methodist Church, the nation's largest denomination, called on all its members to free their slaves. b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. c. Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating slavery. d. President John Tyler's antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by John C. Calhoun. e. As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near, Americans became obsessed with slavery.

b. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

Which of the following is NOT true of the South and its economy in the period from 1800 to 1860? a. Southern cities, like New Orleans and Baltimore, lay mainly on the periphery of the South. b. The South produced nearly two-fifths of the nation's manufactured goods, especially cotton textiles. c. Slavery helped to discourage the immigration of white workers to the South, with such notable exceptions as New Orleans. d. Slavery proved very profitable for most slave owners. e. Southern banks existed mainly to finance plantations.

b. The South produced nearly two-fifths of the nation's manufactured goods, especially cotton textiles.

The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863: a. was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court later that year. b. did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded. c. freed slaves throughout the United States. d. was very popular with voters associated with the Democratic Party. e. was cited by Tennessee as the reason it rejoined the Union in 1864.

b. did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded.

Gender roles under slavery: a. were the same as those that existed in white society. b. differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness. c. greatly differed from those of whites when slaves were able to work on their own; the men took on more women's work and vice versa. d. meant that slave husbands refused to let their wives work in the fields. e. were unaffected by the ability of masters to take advantage of female slaves sexually.

b. differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: a. won the grudging support of Ralph Waldo Emerson as a necessary compromise. b. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement. c. was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott case. d. angered southerners by weakening an earlier law on fugitive slaves. e. convinced Abraham Lincoln to retire briefly from political life.

b. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been: a. owners of large southern plantations before the Civil War. b. non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern up-country prior to the Civil War. c. enslaved African-Americans before emancipation. d. Union soldiers during the war, but then they decided to stay in the South. e. Confederate officers and Confederate government officials during the Civil War.

b. non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern up-country prior to the Civil War.

The gag rule: a. stated that newspapers could not print antislavery materials. b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions. c. denied women the right to speak in mixed-sex public gatherings. d. prevented Congregational ministers from preaching against Catholics. e. was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention to symbolize that women did not have a voice in politics.

b. prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions.

The Union's manpower advantage over the Confederacy: a. was short-lived once the Confederacy began using slaves as soldiers. b. proved essential for the success of Grant's attrition strategy. c. was rather slight. d. although substantial, did not matter in determining the war's outcome. e. existed only because the Union had lower draft requirements than the Confederacy.

b. proved essential for the success of Grant's attrition strategy.

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to: a. end Reconstruction by allowing state governments to oversee citizenship rights. b. stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. c. enforce the Emancipation Proclamation in the Confederate states. d. increase the authority of the Freedmen's Bureau. e. eliminate racial discrimination in public spaces such as hotels and theaters.

b. stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln: a. always let courts and judges have the final say. b. suspended the writ of habeas corpus. c. ordered most Democratic newspapers shut down. d. urged the impeachment of federal judges who opposed him. e. strictly followed the Ex parte Milligan decision rendered in 1866.

b. suspended the writ of habeas corpus.

Economically, the Civil War led to: a. a decline in prosperity for North and South alike. b. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development. c. a tariff reduction to attract foreign goods to make up for the decline in domestic production. d. the creation of the Third Bank of the United States, despite opposition from old Jacksonian Democrats. e. the building of a transcontinental railroad, completely through private financing.

b. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development.

Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of southern governments run by Republicans during Reconstruction? a. state-supported public schools b. widespread transformation of plantations into black-owned farms c. pioneering civil rights legislation d. finance of railroad construction in the region e. tax incentives to attract northern manufacturers to invest in the region

b. widespread transformation of plantations into black-owned farms

Which of the following best describes the black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom? a. Sensing the continued hatred of whites toward them, most blacks wished to move back to Africa. b. Most blacks stayed with their old masters because they were not familiar with any other opportunities. c. Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior. d. Desiring better wages, most blacks moved to the northern cities to seek factory work. e. Most blacks were content working for wages and not owning their own land because they believed that they had not earned the right to just be given land from the government.

c. Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Compromise of 1850? a. California would enter the Union as a free state. b. The slave trade would be abolished in Washington, D.C. c. The Oregon Territory would be created. d. A tougher fugitive slave law would be enacted. e. Territories created from the Mexican Cession would vote on whether to allow slavery.

c. The Oregon Territory would be created.

"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to: a. a powerful symbol of Ku Klux Klan violence against African-Americans. b. a Democratic campaign prop that reminded voters that Republicans had been responsible for the Civil War. c. a Republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason. d. a sign of surrender that southern whites used to signify their loss of power. e. Andrew Johnson's use of Abraham Lincoln's death for political purposes.

c. a Republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason.

While the North emphasized egalitarianism, the South stressed: a. unions. b. communal living. c. a code of honor. d. competition. e. social mobility.

c. a code of honor.

Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he: a. did not believe slaves could be productive American citizens. b. owned slaves himself. c. feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union. d. did not want to support the policies of the Radical Republicans. e. promised during his 1860 campaign that he was against abolition.

c. feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union.

During the Mexican War: a. Mexican troops occupied much of Texas after winning at the Alamo. b. the bulk of the fighting occurred in California. c. for the first time, the U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital. d. an American revolt in California led briefly to a monarchy. e. Whigs strongly supported Polk's policies.

c. for the first time, the U.S. troops occupied a foreign capital.

For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant: a. railroading building. b. jobs. c. land ownership. d. voting. e. jury duty.

c. land ownership.

American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s: a. took place without approval from the Mexican government. b. did not exceed the Mexican population there until the United States annexed Texas in 1845. c. led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials. d. included no slaves, because Mexico had banned slavery in its territory. e. was in communities whose American-born residents were called Tejanos by their Mexican neighbors.

c. led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.

The Freedmen's Bureau: a. was badly administered because director O. O. Howard lacked military experience. b. won much southern white support because it consistently supported the planters in disputes with former slaves. c. made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care. d. carried out a successful program of distributing land to every former slave family. e. enjoyed the strong support of President Andrew Johnson in its work on behalf of civil rights.

c. made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.

The California gold rush: a. actually had only a small impact on California's population because its rich farmlands already attracted thousands of new settlers each year. b. attracted almost equal numbers of men and women. c. resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners." d. made considerable wealth for average miners because gold mining demanded no real investment of capital. e. hurt the development of San Francisco because gold discoveries shifted interest to areas outside of town.

c. resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners."

Free blacks in the United States: a. had the same rights as whites in the North but faced far more restrictions on their freedom in the South. b. tended to live in rural areas if they lived in the Lower South. c. sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves. d. made up nearly one-third of the African-American population in the South. e. could testify in court and vote in most states, but could carry firearms only with the approval of the local sheriff.

c. sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century? a. abolitionism b. mental health treatment c. the anti-Mexican-War movement d. redemption of prostitutes e. temperance

c. the anti-Mexican-War movement

At Antietam: a. General Lee was successful and pushed north into Pennsylvania. b. General McClellan surrendered his troops. c. the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history. d. the Union's river fleet proved crucial to the outcome. e. Lincoln announced the Thirteenth Amendment.

c. the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history.

Slave families: a. were rare because there were too few female slaves. b. were more common in the West Indies, where living conditions favored their formation and survival. c. were headed by women more frequently than were white families. d. usually were able to stay together because most slaveowners were paternalistic. e. avoided naming children for family members because children so often were sold, and it was better not to build strong kinship ties.

c. were headed by women more frequently than were white families.

Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed? a. Daniel Webster b. John C. Calhoun c. Stephen Douglas d. Abraham Lincoln e. Charles Sumner

d. Abraham Lincoln

Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Civil War? a. It shifted national power from southern slaveholders to northern capitalists. b. It dramatically increased the power of the federal government. c. It placed the challenge of protecting and defending African-American freedom on the national agenda. d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency and reduced the influence of Congress. e. It hastened the destruction of Lincoln's America—of the small farmer and independent producer—in favor of the industrial giant.

d. It greatly expanded the powers of the presidency and reduced the influence of Congress.

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true? a. Turner and his followers assaulted mostly men. b. Fewer than twenty whites were killed during the rebellion. c. Turner escaped capture. d. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion. e. It occurred in Georgia.

d. Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family? a. Men and women maintained equality within the household, making black families far more matrilineal than white families. b. Men often remained at home while women went out and labored—a major shift from their roles while in slavery. c. Black women adopted the domestic roles that white women had long had, but retained their duties in the fields and in the workplace. d. The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers. e. Emancipation did not lead to any changes in the black family's structure.

d. The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following EXCEPT: a. the transfer of California to the United States. b. guaranteeing to male citizens in the Mexican Cession "their liberty and property." c. payment of $15 million to Mexico by the United States. d. U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country. e. confirmation of the U.S. annexation of Texas.

d. U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

The organized abolitionist movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over: a. whether to nominate William Lloyd Garrison or James G. Birney as the antislavery presidential candidate. b. the question of abolitionists' taking a public stand on the controversial gag rule. c. whether African-Americans should be allowed to speak at mixed-race public events. d. a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work. e. disagreements concerning the endorsement of colonization.

d. a dispute concerning the proper role of women in antislavery work.

Task labor: a. got its name for tasking the abilities of slaves; it was very difficult, complicated work. b. was an acronym for Take All Southerners' Knives, a secret organization of slaves planning an insurrection. c. always was controlled by an overseer. d. allowed slaves to take on daily jobs, set their own pace, and work on their own when they were done. e. was the most common form of slave labor organization in the South.

d. allowed slaves to take on daily jobs, set their own pace, and work on their own when they were done.

By the late 1830s, the South's proslavery argument: a. rested on the premise that slavery was a necessary evil. b. was based entirely on secular evidence. c. had not yet been accepted by major southern political figures. d. claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress. e. was roundly criticized by southern newspaper editors, ministers, and academics.

d. claimed that slavery was essential to human economic and cultural progress.

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments: a. did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue. b. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. c. was written primarily by the Grimké sisters. d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women. e. inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

d. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the: a. immediate abolition of slavery. b. establishment of common schools in the South. c. better treatment for convicted criminals in jail. d. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane. e. right for women to vote in local school elections.

d. construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane.

During the Civil War, black soldiers: a. did nothing to dispel racial prejudice with their performance. b. were mostly northern-born free blacks. c. performed the same duties as white soldiers from the outset, but at lower pay. d. helped inspire Republicans to believe that emancipation also demanded equal rights before the law. e. were allowed into the Union army only in the last year of the war.

d. helped inspire Republicans to believe that emancipation also demanded equal rights before the law.

During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freeport, Illinois, Stephen Douglas: a. called for the free soil principle to determine the status of slavery in the West. b. denounced popular sovereignty as a fraud. c. praised the temperance movement and other key social reforms. d. insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision. e. argued that slaveholders had a constitutional right to take their slaves anywhere.

d. insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision.

"Greenback" was a Civil War-era nickname for: a. sailors. b. draft dodgers. c. members of the Irish Brigade. d. paper money. e. any Confederate soldier.

d. paper money.

William Lloyd Garrison: a. secretly financed Nat Turner's Rebellion. b. began publishing his newspaper in Richmond, Virginia, in 1831, but moved it to friendlier territory two years later. c. attracted little support from fellow abolitionists, but historians have discovered his importance. d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery. e. published American Slavery As It Is, an influential pamphlet.

d. suggested that the North dissolve the Union to free itself of any connection to slavery.

The northern vision of the Reconstruction-era southern economy included all of the following EXCEPT: a. emancipated African-Americans would labor more intensively than ever because they had the same opportunities for advancement that northern whites had long enjoyed. b. northern capital and migrants would energize the southern economy. c. the Freedmen's Bureau would establish a workable labor system. d. the labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity. e. the South would eventually resemble the North.

d. the labor system would be as close to slavery as possible, thereby assuring high productivity.

During Reconstruction, the role of the church in the black community: a. declined because ex-slaves realized they owed their freedom to fellow human beings, not to God. b. changed as African-Americans joined white churches rather than worshipping separately. c. declined as other black-run institutions became more central in African-American life. d. was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches. e. became less important, as northern white churches moved into the South and took in most blacks.

d. was central, as African-Americans formed their own churches.

Which statement about the Confederacy is FALSE? a. Its citizens were not wholly united behind the cause of its independence. b. The Confederate nation became far more centralized than the Old South had been. c. Social change and internal turmoil engulfed much of the Confederacy. d. Its economy was in crisis, and many families fell into poverty and debt. e. From the beginning of the war it recruited and deployed thousands of black soldiers.

e. From the beginning of the war it recruited and deployed thousands of black soldiers.

What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives? a. He fired Secretary of State William Seward, an ally of Radical Republicans. b. He vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen's Bureau. c. He bribed a Republican senator to support his Reconstruction policies. d. He defiantly released a letter showing he had given support to the Confederacy in 1863. e. He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

e. He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

Which of the following is NOT true of Abraham Lincoln's slavery policy during the first two years of the war? a. He initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the Civil War. b. He supported the colonization of freed slaves on an island near Haiti. c. He rescinded an emancipation order by a Union general in Missouri. d. He proposed gradual, compensated emancipation in the border states. e. He proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery immediately.

e. He proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery immediately.

Who wrote On Civil Disobedience as a response to the U.S. war with Mexico? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Ralph Waldo Emerson c. David Walker d. David Wilmot e. Henry David Thoreau

e. Henry David Thoreau

Which of the following puts these events in the proper chronological order, from first to last? I. Virginia seceded from the Union. II. Abraham Lincoln was elected president. III. Confederate States of America formed. IV. South Carolina seceded from the Union. a. IV, I, III, II b. III, I, IV, II c. II, I, III, IV d. I, II, III, IV e. II, IV, III, I

e. II, IV, III, I

Which of the following statements about slavery and the law is true? a. Because slaves were property, a master could kill any of his slaves for any reason. b. Slaves were legally permitted to possess guns if guns were necessary for their work (tasks such as scaring birds away from rice fields, for example). c. Laws specifically provided for a slave to be taught to read and write if the master so chose. d. A slave could, with permission from his or her master, testify against a white person in court. e. Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

e. Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

The Oneida community: a. allowed each member an equal vote in governing the community. b. permitted all of its members to own private property. c. banished any member who divulged any information about the community's sexual practices. d. invented the concept of birth control in America. e. controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

e. controlled which of its members would be allowed to reproduce.

All of the following are examples of technological changes that helped to make the Civil War a modern war EXCEPT for the: a. rifle. b. ironclad ship. c. observation balloon. d. primitive hand grenade. e. field telephone.

e. field telephone.

What attracted voters to the Know-Nothing Party? a. its desire to dissolve the Missouri Compromise b. its move to annex Cuba for the expansion of American slavery c. its call for immediate emancipation of all slaves d. its opposition to the Dred Scott decision e. its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

e. its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

The crop-lien system: a. applied only to African-American farmers. b. became better as farm prices increased in the 1870s. c. enabled yeoman farmers to continue to function under the same system as before the Civil War. d. annoyed bankers and merchants who resented how it made them dependent on farmers. e. kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

e. kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that: a. free African-Americans could vote. b. anyone that a state considered to be a citizen was a U.S. citizen. c. free-born blacks were U.S. citizens, but those born into slavery and later freed could not be citizens. d. citizenship was limited to males. e. only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

e. only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War: a. followed all of the laws but simply banned ownership of private property. b. usually followed standard gender and marital relations. c. made no effort to combat the growing disparity between rich and poor. d. called themselves utopian because they knew that their efforts were likely to fail. e. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

e. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

All of the following statements are true of the work done by southern slaves EXCEPT: a. by 1860, some 200,000 worked in factories. b. slaves sometimes were allowed to supervise other laborers, including white workers. c. masters rented out slaves to do a variety of jobs. d. the federal government used slaves to build forts and other public buildings in the South. e. slaves worked exclusively as agricultural field hands and house servants.

e. slaves worked exclusively as agricultural field hands and house servants.

Harriet Tubman: a. was a mythical character about whom runaway slaves told many stories. b. led a slave rebellion in Maryland in 1849 that resulted in two dozen deaths. c. although born free in New York, was kidnapped and made a slave in Louisiana. d. cleverly escaped from slavery by pretending to be a sickly male slave-owner. e. was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.

e. was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.