US HISTORY EOC

who led the Battle of San Juan Hill?

Roosevelt

SOCIAL DARWINISM

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT

a movement emphasizing the application of Christian principles to social problems

NATIVISM

a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

MILITARISM

a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

POPULISM

a political doctrine that appeals to the interests and conceptions (such as hopes and fears) of the general people, especially contrasting those interests with the interests of the elite.

what was Hawaii for the U.S.?

a refueling station

FOURTEEN POINTS

a series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

PANAMA CANAL

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

RAILROADS

a track or set of tracks made of steel rails along which passenger and freight trains run.

how long did the Spanish American war last?

a year or less

Who rejected Wilson's "Fourteen Points" peace plan? a. Allied leaders b. The Germans c. the US Senate d. the League of Nations

a. Allied leaders

Which of the following was not a cause of World War I? a. American isolationism b. imperialist competition c. the stockpiling of weapons d. European nationalism

a. American isolationism

Where did the assassination that triggered WWI occur? a. Bosnia b. Belgium c. Alsace-Lorraine d. The Ottoman Empire

a. Bosnia

According to the map, in 1930 it was possible to fly a scheduled route from the US to a. Cuba b. China c. France d. Hawaii

a. Cuba

Through which three countries does the river Meuse flow? a. France, Belgium, Netherlands b. Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands c. Germany, France, Belgium d. Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium

a. France, Belgium, Netherlands

Nativists who found fault with the Emergency Quota Acts of 1921 would have been most likely to say which of the following? a. It did not restrict immigration enough b. It threatened industry with a labor shortage c. It discriminated against the wrong immigrants d. It violated US principles by restricting immigration

a. It did not restrict immigration enough

On Sept 5, 1914, how far from Paris were the closest German troops? a. about 10 miles b. about 50 miles c. about 70 miles d. about 100 miles

a. about 10 miles

According to Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, what was "eating its way into the homes of the American workman, its sharp tongues...licking the altars of the churches"? a. communism b. the philosophy of nativism c. the hopelessness of poverty d. governmental abuse of civil rights

a. communism

Huey Long

ask government to share wealth, instead of corporations, give to citizens

Which of the following statements is supported by the map? a. The British played a major role in keeping the Germans out of Paris b. After taking over Belgium, Germany was in a good position to attack France c. Luxembourg had close political ties to the Central Powers d. Fighting was especially fierce in England

b. After taking over Belgium, Germany was in a good position to attack France

To protect their own interests, employers often accused striking workers of being a. spies b. Communists c. bigots d. nativists

b. Communists

Which neutral country lies between France and Germany? a. Switzerland b. Luxembourg c. Belgium d. Netherlands

b. Luxembourg

Which statement best expresses the main idea of this cartoon? a. Tasks are accomplished through hard work and the leadership of strong individuals b. Radicals use foreign and communist propaganda to block the good, honest ideals of America c. The US government should consider the new ideas of foreigners instead of relying on American public opinion d. Radicals illustrate the best features of Americans: hard work, leadership, and a drive to succeed

b. Radicals use foreign and communist propaganda to block the good, honest ideals of America

What was the length of the entire western front in September 1914? a. about 100 miles b. about 400 miles c. about 800 miles d. about 900 miles

b. about 400 miles

Which weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in WWI? a. battlefront trenches b. airplanes and tanks c. hydrogen bombs d. pistols and bayonets

b. airplanes and tanks

Paris is located nearest the junction of which two rivers? a. Rhine and Moselle b. Oise and Aisne c. Marne and Seine d. Meuse and Marne

c. Marne and Seine

The immigration policies of the 1920s limited immigration from all of the following countries except a. Italy b. Japan c. Mexico d. England

c. Mexico

Which of the following nations was not a member of the "Big Four"? a. Italy b. France c. Russia d. Great Britain

c. Russia

Which two cities did the first international air route connect? a. New York and Montreal b. New York and London c. Seattle and Victoria d. Miami and Paris

c. Seattle and Victoria

What city was served by the greatest number of air routes by 1930? a. Atlanta b. New York c. Los Angeles d. Chicago

d. Chicago

Locate the lines that show the farthest German advance on Sept 5 2014, and the battle front on July 1, 1916. What can you conclude about the trench warfare that took place between these two lines and dates? a. It allowed the Allies to free Belgium b. It created a "no man's land" along the Seine River c. It allowed the Allies to regain control of France very quickly d. It moved the western front back toward Belgium very slowly

d. It moved the western front back toward Belgium very slowly

What reason did Senators give for opposing US membership in the League of Nations? a. It would lead to international instability b. It would drain American finances c. It would interfere with free-trade agreements d. It would drag the US into European conflicts

d. It would drag the US into European conflicts

Which of the following was a result of the Selective Service Act? a. African Americans could not become Army officers b. Women could serve in combat positions c. Troops were segregated by race d. Men were required to register for military service

d. Men were required to register for military service

Which of the following nations suffered the fewest casualties? a. France b. Great Britain c. Austria-Hungary d. The United States

d. The United States

The Schlieffen Plan was effective because it a. allowed Germany to fight on two fronts at once b. prevented ships from entering waters around Britain c. resulted in years of trench warfare in France d. allowed Germany to drive quickly toward the French capital

d. allowed Germany to drive quickly toward the French capital

According to the map, which of these statements most accurately describes civil air routes by 1930? a. the purpose of civil air route development was to connect the US and Canada b. civil air routes were added only to cities that had previously lacked service c. the rate of civil air route development consistently slowed after 1921 d. civil air routes serviced most major US cities and were expanding to foreign countries

d. civil air routes serviced most major US cities and were expanding to foreign countries

Which of the following called for the abolition of private property in order to equally distribute wealth and power? a. quota system b. isolationism c. nativism d. communism

d. communism

During the 1920s, union membership a. remained constant b. increased slightly c. increased considerably d. dropped considerably

d. dropped considerably

The title of the cartoon is "Shutting Out the Light." The metaphorical "light" that the men are shutting out represents a. the principles of labor unions b. Communist propaganda c. radical foreign ideas d. fundamental American ideals

d. fundamental American ideals

Gains made by American women during WWI include a. acceptance as full-fledged members of the US army b. the beginnings of a movement for woman suffrage c. equal pay for equal work in many war industries d. increased support for women's right to vote

d. increased support for women's right to vote

The Teapot Dome scandal centered around a. gold mines b. union members c. high tariffs d. oil-rich lands

d. oil-rich lands

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with, and convicted of, a. treason b. anarchy c. receiving bribes d. robbery and murder

d. robbery and murder

In which directions did German troops advance into France? a. north and west b. north and east c. south and east d. south and west

d. south and west

The war might have involved only two nations, Austria-Hungary and Servia, if not for a. the American Expeditionary Force b. imperialism c. propaganda d. the alliance system

d. the alliance system

Of the following, the most compelling reason for the US to enter the war was a. a moral obligation to halt the refugee crisis in Belgium b. concern over the repayment of Allied debts to American banks c. a desire to become more involved in the affairs of Europe d. the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare

d. the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare

secret alliances

dangerous because no one knows its going on

deflation

decrease in general price or good and services took hold

National Labor Relations Board (Wagner Act)

defined unfair labor practices and establishes for the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to settle disputes between employers and employees. -- created under the, this continues to act as a mediator in disputes between unions and employees

federal home loan bank act

for those still at home, tried lowering mortgage. -problem: good intentions, but too late, most are out in the streets; those who lost home upset

PULLMAN STRIKE

in chicago, pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", eugene debs had american railway union refuse to use pullman cars, debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing

installment plan

in credit, pay little by little, missed payment, got it taken away

student information 5

in1890 fewer then 1% of black teenager attended high school

federal deficit

increased during the Roosevelt administration as the federal government expected reforms to stabilize economy

PROPAGANDA

information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.

SETTLEMENT HOUSES

institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

insured loans for building and repairing homes

RESERVATION SYSTEM

introduced in 1870, forced nations to live on barren land, it confined people so they could not support themselves in their accustomed way. It has left to the institutional of this enforced segregation.

Christopher Sholes

invented the typewriter in 1867 and changed the world of work

Alexander Graham Bell

inventor of the telephone

Edwin L. Drake

inventor, inovation, of combining the steam engine and drill to get oil

what was Wilsons biggest disappointments?

is that japan didn't take League of Nations seriously. japan wasn't strict, they spoke softly.

claud mcKay

jamaican, wrote book called "cane"

duke ellington

jazz composer and musician

what did everyone do to Germany

kicked them when they were down. anger/hatred if you kick when they are down, they want to get them back

Francisco Pancho Villa

kind of abandoned

Laissez-Faire

kind of had off business.

student information 2

kindergarden created by William Torrey Harris

social gospel movement

knock on door, talk about god, help, clothe, give jobs; trying to convert those people into following god .19th, century reform movement, based on the belief that christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate property.

besides food what else was traded?

knowledge, ideas, and culture

what problems did the blockade in Germany create?

lack of food

Interstate Commerce Act

law enacted in 1887 reestablished the federal governments right to supervise railroad activities and created a five-member Interstate Commerce communism to do so. CAN regulate railroads, to control railroads due to unfair rates, committee came together and if railroad wanted to increase rates, must pass through commitee

Sherman Antitrust Act

law enacted in 1890, was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making id illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade

hawley-smoot tariff act

law enacted in 1930, established highest protective tariff in the U.S. history worsening depression in America and abroad. preventing flow of goods.

SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT

law requiring men to register for military service

Jim Crow Laws

laws enacted to southern states and local government to separate white and blacks in public and private facilities (schools, bathrooms, churches, movie theaters, neighborhoods, transportation)

john l. lewis

leader

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

loaned money low interests rates to homeowner who could not meet mortgage payment

Alfred Smith

lost election said to be luckiest man to lose election

nationalism

loving your countries; mexicans, brazilians. dangerous: because you think your countries better

what did the democrats want?

low tariff, why? paying less for everything, import a lot of things and create competition, creating completion process go down. who were they? low class, immigrants

soddy

made from sod, side of hills dug. type of home made from prairie turf

price support

maintenance of a price at a level through government intervention -problem: not big enough, not everyone got help. great idea, but not helping everyone was bad, good intension but useless

African American Migration

many African Americans migrated to large northern cities after the Civil War

pyramid from top to bottom

mayors, city council or city bosses, word boss, captains, and local workers/immigrants

Dow Jones Industrial Average

measure based on prices of the stocks of 30 large companies, widely used as a barometer of the stock markets health. -problem: it is a gamble, getting money isn't certain. stock brokers would lend people extra money, after you get the money, you pay back + interest

horizontal integration

merging of companies with similar products, eliminates completition

SIT DOWN STRIKE

method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment

IMMIGRATION

migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)

must have ________ power to colonize

military

militarism

military needed to protect land/areas. military built up intimidates countries around you

natural resources

minerals, oil, wood, iron, metal zinc, copper, Etc. : crude oil/oil used as a power source. Stainless steel used to make railroad tracks

who were the first Americans to get to Hawaii?

missionaries

who reproduced to have successful and business people?

missionaries and Hawaiians

U.S. changed and went against beliefs and contradicted views just for what?

money

what benefits happened due to the printing press printing on both sides

more people bought books, newspapers, magazines , they were now cheaper

SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

movement dedicated to achieving women's right to vote

the great migration

movement of African Americans from South to North. why? to work and get away from discrimination (black codes, crow laws, etc)

ARMISTICE

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

GREAT MIGRATION

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

GREAT MIGRATION

movement of over 300,000 african american from the rural south into northern cities between 1914 and 1920

RECOVERY, STORM, RELIEF

- Roosevelt's New Deal program aimed at the three R's, name them (alphabetically).

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)+ (CWA)

--created an administration that set fair prices on many products and established labor standards, with great goal ensuring fair business practices and promoting industrial growth

Richard Wright

--his classic novels, Native Soul, depicts the difficulties faced by a young man trying to survive in a racist world

Grant Wood

--his famous painting, American Gothic, depicts two-stern-faced-famers stating stiffly in front of their farmhouse

"Gone With The Wind"

--one of the most popular movies of all time, this sweeping drama about life among Southern plantation owners during the Civil War starred Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable

Social Security Act

--provides for n old-age insurance program. --provides for an unemployment compensation program. -- program provides that aid needy families with children and the needy disabled. --

Orson Wells

--this actor, director, producer, and writer created one of the most famous radio broadcasts of all time. "The War of the Worlds" and directed the movie classic, Citizen Kane

"The Grapes of Wrath"

--this classic novel written by John Steinbeck focuses on the difficulties faced by people who, forced off the Great Plains during the Dust Bowl, move to California

parity

--this federally regulated crop price was to stabilize farmers' income. -- under the the second Agricultural Act, loans made to farmers were based on this value of their surplus crops

summarize 14 points

-no secret treaties. -seas remain free. -arms should be reduced. -colonial policies. -boundary changes. -self determination. -different ethical groups

Triangle trade

...

1^1

1

1^2

1

1^3

1

1^4

1

1^5

1

1^6

1

ENTANGLING ALLIANCES

1 of the 7 causes of WWI, Bismark formed alliances: Triple Alliance-Germany, Austria, Italy; Triple Entante: France, England, Russia

5 causes of the great depression

1) industries in trouble. 2) farmers needed a lift. 3) consumers have less money to spend. 4) living on credit. 5) uneven distribution of wealth (income)

3 factors that caused the industrial boom

1) wealth of natural resources. 2) government support of businesses. 3) growing urban population (cheap labor)

what are the 4 causes of world war 1?

1.) nationalism. 2.) imperialism. 3.) militarism. 4.) alliance system(ism)

how many philippines troops were sent?

10,000, mostly black, 20,000 philippine lives lost

4^5

1024

5^3

125

6^4

1296

what did wilson come up with?

14 points

5^6

15625

2^4

16

4^2

16

Kansas Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Munn v.s. Illinois

1877 supreme court case, upheld states regulations of railroads for benefit of farmers and consumers, this established the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest. Ruled against railroad and supported farmers, CAN regulate railroads

URBAN CENTERS

A large and densely populated urban area

IDA TARBELL

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

DAWES PLAN

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

IMPERIALISM

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

OPEN DOOR POLICY

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters

tenement

multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded and unsanitary. problems: unsanitary, could catch on fire and then everything catches on fire. all close together, someone took you, you're forced to stay there, around 3-5 families per tenement.

george gershwin

musician

reparation

must be paid for what you did; consequences

selective service

must sign up at 18 years old, not a draft, just telling the government where you are. determined by lottery

black Tuesday

name given to October 29th, 1929 when stock prices fell sharply

the treaty of versailles

negative for German; had to pay reparations; disaster for German people

Archduke Franz Ferninand

next in line for the thrown (Prince)

after 21/2 years of war who was winning?

no one, thats the problem; moved total of 7 miles

sinclair lewis

nobel prize in literature

Carpetbaggers

northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction

in WWI what were airplanes first used to?

observe enermies activities

panama canal

official waterway cut through the Isthmus of Panama to provide a shortcut between Atlantic and Pacific oceans, opened in 1914

GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT

Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

18TH AMENDMENT

Alchohol made illegal

In 1914, this alliance consisted of France, Britain, and Russia

Allies

Armed only with a rifle and a revolver, he killed 25 Germans and, with 6 other soldiers, captured 132 prisoners

Alvin York

19TH AMENDMENT- SUFFRAGE

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

LUSITANIA

American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI

As the governor of Massachusetts during the Boston police strike, he opposed the strikers and called out the National Guard to restore order

Calvin Coolidge

george okeefe

picture of flowers and cities painted

speakeasies

place wehre alcoholic drinks were sold and consumes illegally during prohibition

speakeasy

place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition

louis armstrong

plays the trumpet

langstorm hughes

poems from music, blues from slavery

edna st. vincent millay

poet

war-guilt clause

point fingers at Germany (down psychologically) - Germans and travelled and were talked about.

EXPANSIONISM

policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds

NEUTRALITY

policy of supporting neither side in a war

Radical Republicans

political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after Civil War

Andrew Carnegie

poor then invited to invest in the railroad company. Really smart and strategic, became very rich

Spain had control of what countries?

Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Philippines

W.E.B DUBOIS

He believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately. He helped found the Niagara Movement in 1905 to fight for equal rights. He also helped found the NAACP.

nativism

prejudice against foreign born people

calvin coolidge

president

Boss Tweed

probably biggest member of the political machine. Tammy Hall, New York was the biggest political machine

zimmermann note

said in telegram that if Mexico allied with Germany, Germany would help Mexico regain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

supervised the stock market and eliminated dishonest practices. -- created in 1934, this continues to monitor the stock market and enforce laws regarding the sales of stocks and bonds. -- created to reform and to restore confidence in the stock market by providing a mean to monitor the market and to enforce laws regarding the sales of stocks and bonds

ashcan schools

supported by millionaires. EX: Juilliard

securities =

stock market

kellogg-brand act

stop building any kind of army for years

dolls plan

stopped war

student information 1

students required only 12-16 week of school

ECONOMIC BOOM

sudden increase in prosperity

what did Hawaiians grow that was the strongest and made people wealthy?

sugar

what crops are grown in Hawaii?

sugar and pineapples

WHAT EXPERIENCES DID AFRICAN AMERICANS, HISPANICS, ASIANS, WOMEN, AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS HAVE WHILE SERVING IN EUROPE?

Most women served as nurses in Europe during WWI. African Americans units were largely relegated to support roles and did not see much combat.

social darwinism

survival of the fittest, rich to rick, rich never to poor

TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL

symbol of government corruption; government oil reserves were secretly leased to oil companies in exchange for financial compensation

Sharecropping

system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops

quota system

system that sets limits on how many immigrants from various countries a nation will admit each other

gorilla warfare

tactical defense

imperialism

taking over, control. large country takes advantage of smaller counties. control them- natural resources money, and how they spend that money.

what improved to better killings in the war?

technologies; machine guns, grenade, poisonous gas.

WESTWARD EXPANSION

territorial acquisitions as settlers began moving westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains

Pendleton civil service act

test for government job, like working at the post office .a law, enacted in 1883, that established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to government jobs by means of merit jobs

civil service

test to stop corruption, jobs in city, based on merit .the non-military branches government administration

literacy test

test you must pass before voting, may have been put in a different language, wouldn't pass no matter what (put in effect to limit and hold back blacks)

NATIONALISM

the aspiration for national independence felt by people under foreign domination

what event touched off the first declaration of war in WWI?

the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary (Archduke Franz Ferninand)

State's Rights

the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority

ROARING 20'S

the decade of the 1920's which got this nickname because of the times presperity and excitement

what was one of the reasons the Spanish American war occured?

the explosion of the U.S.S Maine which was blamed on Spain

world war was...?

the first sight go mass destruction, world never the same

In the Battle of the Somme, this resulted in the exchange of seven miles of territory at the cost of 1.2 million casualties

trench warfare

T/F: THE DAWES PLAN arranged for loans to be made to Germany so that it could pay war reparations

trie

John J. Pershing

tried getting Francisco Pancho Villa

armistice

truce

T/F: President Harding's secretary of states was CHARLES EVANS HUGHES, who later went on to become chief justice of the Supreme Court

true

Homestead Strike

trying to shut down mining companies, especially coal, very dependent on coal. government sent national guard for workers to go back to work, economic damage would happen, so they needed to stop.

join _____ to fight tariff

union, can't because they have a king

urban sprawl

unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions

xenophobia

unreasonable fear of things or people seen as foreign or strange

holding company

usually work for banks. slowly buy out stock

Plessy vs Ferguson

very famous supreme court case, in relation to segregation, supreme court ruled "Separate But Equal"

William Seward

wanted to buy Alaska ($7.2)

secco and vanzetti

arrested and charged with robbery and murder

Public Works Administration (PWA)

creates job on government project

Frederie Remington

photographer, gave pictures to Randal Hurst

Luitania

British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915

what was the capitalist mentality?

"never enough money"

what quote was said about ww1?

"the war that stopped all wars"

TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH

(1905) The treaty that ended the Sino-Japanese War. It granted Japan Chinese ports, city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate.

FORDNEY- MCCUMBER ACT

(1922) Federal law that raised tariff rates on manufactured goods and levied high duties on imported agricultural goods.

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT

(FDR) A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.

UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION

(UNIA) Association founded by Marcus Gravey in 1914 to foster African American economic independence and establish an independent black homeland in Africa.

pragmatism

(practical) schools of philosophy developed in the United States in the late 19th century that aims to reconcile the tensions between science and morality and religion

Bleeding Kansas

- John brown - War over slavery within Kansas - Kansas is primarily fighting itself

SPECULATION BOOM

- People invest in the stock market like crazy, buying shares, hoping that the value of the company would increase and sell it off at a higher price and make a profit. Stock shares rise, and that increases speculation.

15th amendment

-Citizens vote cannot be denied because of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude -Protect right to vote

14th amendment

-Declared former slaves to be citizens with full civil rights -Couldn't treat citizens differently

Nat Turner

-Preacher - Lead the most successful revolt - Killed white people - put details of invasion into song

Compromise of 1850

-admitted CA as free state -organized UT and NM as territories open to slavery -ended slave trade in DC -enforced strong fugitive slave law

what are the two ways of making land bigger

-buying/acquiring it. -fighting for it.

what are the three factors that fueled American Imperialism?

-desires for military strength. -thirst for new markets. -belief in cultural superiority.

league of nations

-made by Wilson-> considered a war hero overseas. -similar to UN. -main objective-peace. - congress rejected.

SHERMAN SILVER PURCHASE ACT

1890, passed by the U.S. Congress to supplant the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. It not only required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before, but also added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation.

what year did Roosevelt win a national peace prize?

1906

what year did the Serbs become furious with when Austria-Hungary they refused them independence?

1908

WASHINGTON NAVAL CONFERENCE

1921 - president harding invited delegates from Europe and Japan, and they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence

FOUR POWER TREATY

1921. Treaty between the US, Great Britain, France, and Japan to maintain the status quo in the South Pacific, that no countries could seek further territorial gain.

what year did Hawaii become a state?

1959

Immediate Effects:

1: Abolition of slavery 2: Devastation of the south 3: Reconstruction of the south

Slave revolt

1: Broom stick wedding 2: learning to read and write 3: sabotage crop 4: make themselves sick 5: singing

Causes:

1: Conflict over slavery in the territories 2: Economic differences between the north and south 3: Failure of congress to compromise 4: Election of Lincoln as president 5: Session of the south states 6: Firing on fort Sumter

Long term effects:

1: Growth of industry 2: Government more powerful 3: Nation re-united

KNIGHTS OF LABOR

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

2^1

2

how long was the blockade in Germany?

2-3 years

6^3

216

3^5

243

5^2

25

4^4

256

3^3

27

3^1

3

5^5

3125

2^5

32

6^2

36

2^2

4

4^1

4

4^6

4096

6^6

46656

how many American lived taken?

48,000 (we entered war late)

5^1

5

Germany joined due to its alliance with

Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

6^1

6

student information 3

62% of white children attends elementary school compared to 34% of african americas

5^4

625

2^6

64

4^3

64

3^6

729

6^5

7776

2^3

8

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

8,9,10 floor, fire in 8th floor, began expanding to 9 and 10 floor. robbies had occurred so all floors locked with metal chains, person with key stone that day, some jumped out window while others stayed. over 146 women died, no regulation in place, after that n=more regulations put in New York, other cities didn't seem to mind and did nothing about it.

3^4

81

3^2

9

The impending crisis

A book in the defense of slavery written by John C. Calhoun

Ostend Manifesto

A declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S.

DAWES ACT

A federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers and landowners by providing cooperating families with 160 acres of reservation land for farming or 320 acres for grazing.

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

A federal law passed in response to complaints by workers on the West Coast that competition from Chinese immigrants was driving down their wages and threatening white "racial purity." It suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization as American citizens. The law was renewed in 1892 for another ten years, and in 1902 Chinese immigration was permanently banned. Chinese immigrants did not become eligible for citizenship until 1943

Uncle Toms Cabin

A fictional book about the factual things that happened to slaves promoting anti-slavery

SUSSEX PLEDGE

A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

TENESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY

A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Dred Scott

A slave whose owner took him to a free state He sued for his freedom Court ruled that because he was black he was not a citizen there for the laws do not apply to him and he must go back and be a slave.

spoils system

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

WHAT WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS THAT DROVE UNITED STATES IMPERIALISM AND ACQUISITION OF NEW TERRITORIES?

A theory of imperialism says that imperialistic U.S. policies are driven not simply by the interests of American businesses, but by the interests of the economic elites of a global alliance of developed countries.

BESSEMER PROCESS

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

As Attorney General, he sent government agents out on a series of illegal raids to hunt down suspected radicals

A. Mitchell Palmer

IMPACT OF CLIMATE AND NATURAL DISASTERS

Actually, the land boom in the 1920's was interrupted by a series of natural disasters in Florida, including freezes and hurricanes.

MARCUS GARVEY

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

ZORA NEALE HURSTON

African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance

many _______ _______ fought in the Spanish American war

African Americans

Slavers

Africans to capture and transfer Europeans trade

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD

Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.

KELLOG- BRAND PACT

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

BULL MARKET

Bull Market a period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices

GRANGE

An association of farmers founded in the United States in 1867.

INNOVATION

An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

His assassination sparked WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

order of the presidents

Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley

NATIONAL WOMENS SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION

Association that worked for women's suffrage at both state and national levels; taken over by Carrie Chapman Catt

ALFRED MAHAN

Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy. Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"

Why did Lincoln quit politics

Because he lost his chair in congress for voicing his opinion

Germany sent U-ships to...

Britain

who did the triple entente include?

Britain, France, and Russia

David Loiyd George

British

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR?

Causes of the Civil War Missouri Compromise - According to the deal thought of by Henry Clay, if the southern states agreed to the admission of Maine as a free state, Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. In addition, all lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30′ N latitude would be free. Nat Turner Rebellion - This bloody rebellion led by a Virginia slave resulted in new laws forbidding the education of slaves, and further restricting their rights. Wilmot Proviso - The passage of the Wilmot Proviso, which prevented the introduction of slavery into lands acquired after the Mexican-American War, further polarized northern and southern politicians on the issue of slavery. The Slavery Issue - The practice of slavery threatened to destroy the United States. Northern voices called slavery barbaric, while Southern voices claimed slavery an economic necessity. Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad - For many years prior to the Civil War, Northerners helped Southern slaves escape captivity via a secret network of trails, tunnels, and caravans known as the Underground Railroad. Compromise of 1850/Fugitive Slave Law - The Compromise of 1850, authored by Henry Clay, was a compromise in the true sense of the word. California became a free state, other territories would vote on the issue, and the Fugitive Slave Law was strengthened. Kansas Nebraska Act - As the nation pushed close to war over the issues of states rights and slavery, the Kansas Nebraska Act resulted in mass violence in what came to be known as "Bleeding Kansas." Ostend Manifesto - In a bungled attempt to annex Cuba from Spain, Northern abolitionists became suspicious of a conspiracy to extend the reach of slavery, which further soured relations between the North and South. Dred Scott Decision - In a landmark ruling, the United States Supreme Court ruled in essence that slaves had no rights as United States citizens, even if they had previously lived in free states. John Brown Rebellion - John Brown was a radical abolitionist who tried to start a slave rebellion by seizing a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Learn what happened by clicking on the link above Election of Abraham Lincoln - The "straw that broke the camel's back" was undoubtedly the election of the Northern, Republican president, Abraham Lincoln. Southern states were virtually assured he would eventually abolish slavery. Secession - In response the election of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th president, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union to form their own nation called The Confederate States of America. Lincoln would assume the unenviable task of trying to restore the Union. Effects of the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation - On January 1, 1863, president Lincoln declared all slaves in "enemy territory" liberated. Of course, those who owned slaves in "enemy" territory ignored the order and slaves in border states were not included. The Division of Virginia - In 1863, citizens in the western portions of Virginia, who opposed secession, petitioned the U.S. Government for statehood. West Virginia became the 35th state on June 20th, 1863. Death in the Civil War - The Civil War was by far the deadliest war in American history. Well over 600,000 people died in combat, from disease, or as a result of the Civil War. Reconstruction - The period of time after the Civil War is known as Reconstruction. During this difficult era, the Southern states were gradually admitted back into the Union and the areas destroyed during the war were rebuilt. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers - The ruined south presented a wide range of economic and political opportunities for ambitious Northerners and Southerners. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers were slang terms used to describe such opportunists. Jim Crow Laws - The result of the Civil War left many in the South baitter toward the integration of African Americans into society. Jim Crow Laws were those meant to punish and ostracize African-Americans in a "legal" manner.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSES, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION?

Causes: -The Stock Market crashed. It was the straw that broke the camel's back so to speak but was not the main cause of the Great Depression.The main causes were things that were there for years. -The Great Bull Market and the lack of stock regulation and controls -The farmers were already in their own depression long before the "Great Depression" began and started to lose their farms, couldn't pay taxes -banks failed, people started to withdraw money which put further strain on the system. It caused deflation -The Smoot-Hawley Tariff which drastically increased tariffs on goods entering the U.S. which made those goods very expensive. Also it caused the world markets to close down on buying U.S. goods in retaliation which significantly hurt the U.S. economy. Consequences: -High unemployment -Bread lines -Extreme poverty hit not just the lower classes but the middle classes and some of the upper classes as well. This depression cut across all class lines -People lost their homes, lived in shacks called "hoovervilles" after President Hoover -Farmers lost their farms -Trade shrunk -The Great Depression in America caused other countries to experience a depression, Germany was hit hard. -Social unrest (the Bonus Army protest for instance) -Sucide rates skyrocketed -The New Deal (included such programs as the WPA, Social Security, the CCC)

In 1914, this alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

Central Powers

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF USA FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY DURING THE 1920'S?

Changes in exchange rates of world currencies and the effects on the balance of trade.

Transcontinental Railroad

Chicago to Sacramento. Railroad line linking Atlantic and Pacific Coast of the United States, completed in 1869.

CHILD LABOR

Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories.

Panama was part of what country?

Colombia

YELLOW PRESS/ YELLOW JOURNALISM

Created excitement and gained attention by manipulating and sensationalizing news stories in order to sell more copies of newspapers

Jose Marti

Cuban, lead revolution in Cuba, tried dying to liberate country

American Citizens?

Cubans- no Puerto Ricans- yes

Why did Lincoln come back to politics

Douglas passed the Kansas Nebraska act.

during the gilded age there were efforts to go away with the spoils system aw well as the efforts to lower tariffs. chose of the issues, and explain why is needed reform

During the Gilded Age, efforts to lower tariffs needed to occur because the tariffs were to high causing prices to rise. the only people who supported the high tariffs were those who owned large businesses. Change needed to occur because there were many scandals and frauds taking place. high tariffs- lowered completion allowing business to control prices of market. Low tariffs- import a lot, competition increases, and prices decrease. a lot of graphs and patronage. housing unsanitary

WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC CHALLENGES TO AMERICAN FARMERS AND HOW DID FARMERS RESPOND TO THESE CHALLENGES IN THE MID TO LATE 1800s?

During the late 1800s, Great Plains farmers faced unpredictable droughts and precipitation, tornadoes, hail storms and blizzards. These challenges caused the farmers to lose their livelihood and homes.

what country did the U.S. want to be like?

England

Harriet Tubman

Escaped slave Leader of the Underground Railroad

ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS

Espionage and Sedition Acts two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI

Credit Mobiller

Fake company lay down tracks and make huge profit .Construction company formed in 1864 by owners of unionPacific railroad, who used it to fraudulently skim off railroad profit for themselves

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR

Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FIRST AND SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

First Industrial Revolution (1790s-1840s) 1. Common sources of power included wind, horse, man, and water. 2. Marked the change from the home system to the factory system 3. Started by Eli Whitney, Samuel Slater, and others who developed simple machines and factories to create fabric, and machine parts. 4. Confined to New England because New England had mountains, which offered waterfalls, which offered power. 5. Pulled women off the famrs to work in factories, the most famous of which was that located in Lowell, Massachusetts (started by Francis Lowell) 6. Helped lead to the Second Great Awakening in which reformers attempted to reform society of the evils this interest in marketing and money created. Women, children, slaves, and immigrants were helped by reformist causes at this time Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1910) 1. Started as a result of the increased demand for goods following the Civil War with the rebuilding of the South, the building of the railroads west, and the move off the farm to the cities in the north 2. Involved gasoline-powered motors and electrical-powered engines and turbines. 3. FACTORIES now took the place of small shops with one or two machines. Now the workers had to adapt to the factory and not the factory adapt to the worker 4. Led by John C. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan, and Thomas A. Edison. 5. Thanks to the electric light now factories could stay open for 24 hours if necessary to pump out an endless stream of goods. 6. Led to the age of overseas imperialism and expansion as America needed larger and larger markets in which to sell these goods and FROM which to extrace the raw materials necessary to power these growing factories 7. Led to the Progressive Movement in which reformers attempted to clean up the evils brought on by the thirst for wealth and power generated by the above-mentioned 'robber-barons.'

Battle of fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War

SHERMAN ANTI TRUST ACT

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

UK helped what coutry?

France

George Clemenceau

French

who did the triple alliance include?

Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy

central powers

Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary

war was who against who

Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria V.S. UK, France, Serbia, Russia

who destroyed Mesopotamia?

Germany; public eye against Germany

WHAT NEW TECHNOLOGY WAS USED IN WORLD WAR 1 AND WHAT IMPACT DID IT HAVE ON WARFARE?

Heavy machine guns made open field troop manoeuvres a massacre, resulting in trench warfare as the machine guns put favour on defence. Aircraft provided reconnaissance, and some minor troop harassment on the battlefield. Plus they introduced strategic bombing to warfare. Artillery developments increased the accuracy and rate of fire of artillery. Also, techniques for detection made counter battery fire much more dangerous. And of course the development of the tank completely change warfare forever. It allowed support weapons to be used in the attack again, countering the trench system. And advances in submarines meant they could actually be used as effective weapons.

Freeport Doctrine

Idea authored by Stephen Douglas that claimed slavery could only exist when popular sovereignty said so

PROPAGANDA

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

SACCO & VANZETTI

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

Compromise of 1850

Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War

INDUSTRIALIZATION

Industrialization the development of industries for the machine production of goods

RED SCARE

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas

Cotton Gin

Invented by a slave to sort cotton and seeds more efficiently Invented during down fall of slavery making it spike back up again

This is a policy of abstaining from involvement in world affairs

Isolationism

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS

It means an area, community or country has produced more of a certain type of crop than the area, community or country needs to feed its self. The excess (the surplus) can therefore be sored (to cope with a bad season) or sold to other countries.

As president of the United Mine Workers, he led the miners on a strike that eventually resulted in a significant wage increase

John L. Lewis

who declared war on Hawaii?

John L. Stevens (didn't have the authority to do so)

Popular Sovernty

Kansas and Nebraska got to vote and choose if free or slave state- even though in free zone. "Create laws if voted upon"

Although its membership sharply increased as a result of the Red Scare and nativism, its power declined once its criminal activity and racial violence became exposed

Ku Klux Klan

Dred Scott Decision

Landmark court decision that ruled that slaves were property and antislavery laws were unconstitutional

TELLER AMENDMENT

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

PLATT AMENDMENT

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

when Hawaiis king dies who took over?

Lillikiana (kings sister)

Jim Crow Laws

Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights

This British liner was sunk by a German U-boat

Lusitania

HAYMARKET RIOT

May 4, 1886, the police clashed violently with militant anarchists and labor movement protesters in Chicago. Seven policemen and several protesters were killed, leading to murder convictions for seven

Washington's farewell address

Mentions that America must not sectionalize

james woldon johnson

NAACP

JAZZ AGE

Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects

Sectionalism

North=Industry South=Agriculture

BLACK TUESDAY

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929

T/F: The personal friends that President Harding put into his cabinet were known as the FALL GUYS

Ohio gang

SMOOT HAWLEY TARIFF

One of Herbert Hoover's earliest efforts to protect the nation's farmers following the onset of the Great Depression. Tariff raised rates to an all-time high.

HISPANICS IN WW1

Over 200,000 Hispanic soldiers were mobilized for WW1, most of them were Mexican -Americans.

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

Overturns the Missouri compromise

WHO WERE THE SIGNIFICANT INVENTORS AND WHAT DID THEY INVENT DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

Person Invention Date James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775 Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798 Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807 Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836 Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844 Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine 1851 Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 Thomas Edison Phonograph, First Long-Lasting Incandescant Light Bulb 1877, 1879 Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888 Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892 Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903 Henry Ford Model T Ford, Large-Scale Moving Assembly Line

where was George Dewey sent?

Philipines

John browns raid

Planned to seize weapons and ammunition to Arm slaves for a rebellion to destroy slavery

NATIONAL RECOVERY ACT

Provided money to states to create jobs chiefly in the construction of schools and other community buildings

which country became part of U.S. in 1917?

Puerto Rico

BUYING ON MARGIN

Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future

GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF FOOD AND DRUGS

Pure Food and Drug Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

T/F: The panic surrounding the threat of communism in the early 1920s was called the "BIG SCARE"

Red Scare

DUST BOWL

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

Chinese exclusion act

a law enacted in 1882, that prohibited all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials from entering the United States.

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

BIG STICK

Roosevelt's aggressive, expansionist, and imperialistic foreign policy backed by military

France got involved to help what country?

Russia

Germany steps into war on?

Russia

after Austria-Hungaria declared war on Serbia, who else did they end up in war with?

Russia

Austria-Hungaria wanted to declare war on?

Serbia

where was Archduke Franz Ferninand's shooter from

Serbia

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF SHARECROPING AND DEBT PEONAGE AS PRACTICED IN THE USA?

Sharecroppers would get all the seeds, food, and equipment they needed from the company store, which allowed them to run a tab throughout the year and to settle up once the crops, usually cotton, were gathered.

HOMESTEAD ACT

Signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862, the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN WW1

Some went to war. Others took the jobs men left behind. Made more money than before. Had to give them back after the war.

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

the Caribbean was owned by who?

Spain

PHILIPINES

Spanish colony in the Pacific whom the US helped free from the Spanish, but soon after took as their own colony

HOMESTEAD STRIKE

Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers

TARIFFS

Taxes on imports or exports

WHAT WAS THE RED SCARE AND HOW DID THE PUBLIC REACT TO IT?

The "Red Scare" refers to the fear of communism in the USA during the 1920's. Americans were extremely scared of communism, so after a series of bomb explosions in 1919, a campaign was started against the communists.

VOLSTEAD ACT

The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors

WHAT EFFECTS DID THE BLACK CODES AND THE NADIR HAVE ON FREED PEOPLE?

The Black Codes would limit blacks' ability to control their own employment. This meant that they could not be owned and forced to do anything they did not want to.

CROSS OF GOLD

The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In the address, Bryan supported bimetallism or "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity.

FARMERS ALLIANCE

The Farmers' Alliance was an organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished in the 1870s and 1880s.

GRANGER LAWS

The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as the Grange.

HOW DID WESTWARD EXPANSION INFLUENCE THE LIVES OF NATIVE AMERICANS?

The Indian Removal Act forced the Native Americans to move on to reservations, while their children were taken and forced to abandon their religion, culture, and language.

HOW DID JIM CROW LAWS INFLUENCE LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHER RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS?

The Jim Crow laws which were enforced following the 'separate but equal' verdict that was set down by the Supreme Court following Plessey v.Ferguson segregated facilities in the South such as schools, parks and transport meaning that African Americans had to eat in separate restaurants, use separate toilets and drink from separate water fountains. They were also required to sit at the back of buses and give up their seats to white passengers. The facilities for African Americans were often underfunded and of poor quality, however African Americans felt powerless to challenge segregation as they faced losing their jobs, imprisonment or intimidation from white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. Most facilities were segregated until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.

WHAT WERE THE ISSUES THAT DIVIDED REPUBLICANS DURING THE EARLY RECONSTRUCTION ERA?

The Radical Republicans strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for Reconstruction.

HOW DID THE ECONOMIC BOOM DURING THE ROARING TWENTIES CHANGE CONSUMERS, BUSINESSES, MANUFACTURING, AND MARKETING PRACTICES?

The Roaring Twenties was a decade of great economic growth and widespread prosperity driven by recovery from wartime devastation and postponed spending, a boom in construction, and the rapid growth of consumer goods such as automobiles and electricity. The economy of the United States, which had successfully transitioned from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy, boomed and provided loans for a European boom as well. However, there were sectors that were stagnant, especially farming and mining.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR?

The Spanish American War was caused by the overall military aggression of the United States in the late 1800's. More specifically, the war was fought for the freedom of the Cubans. American Society supported the Cuban revolt against Spanish misrule. This overall willingness to go to war pressured McKinley into declaring war on Spain. Much of the support from the war occurred due to the explosion of the Maine while anchored in a Spanish controlled area. Yellow journalism then aggravated Americans more with the horrific stories that were invented. All of these factors added up to cause the Spanish American War.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN WW1?

The US was a formal participant in WWI from April 6, 1917 until the war's end in November 11 1918. Up to that point, the US had remained neutral, though the US had been an important supplier to Britain and other Allied powers. During the war, the US mobilized over 4,000,000 military personnel and suffered 110,000 deaths, including 43,000 due to the influenza pandemic.

DISARMENT

a limit or reduction in armed forces or weapons

HOW DID THE WAR IMPACT GERMAN AMERICANS, ASIAN AMERICANS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, HISPANIC AMERICANS, JEWISH AMERICANS, NATIVES, WOMEN, AND DISSENTERS IN THE USA?

The cataclysm of World War II had a profound effect on immigration to North America. Interwar immigration to the United States and Canada had been dramatically curtailed from the peak years just before World War I.

HOW DID THE UNITED STATES CHANGE AS IT SHIFTED FROM AN AGRIAN TO AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?

The change happened as follows: farmers bought tractors, fired farm workers, who moved to the cities and learned to work in factories. It was very similar to how manufacturing is being replaced by service and high-tech - factories replace workers with machines or Chinese, and former manufacturing workers re-train for service jobs, or write whiny blogs about death of American economy.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE EAST TO THAT OF ASIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE WEST

The experiences of Asian immigrants were different from those of European immigrants because Asian immigrants were minorities and treated as second rate citizens. They also took a lot of gripe regarding pearl harbor because they were Asian.

Gettysburg

The most violent battle of the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point, fought from July 1 - July 3, 1863.

HOME FRONT

The name given to the part of war that was not actively involved in the fighting but which was vital to it.

GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT

The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year.

NEW TECHNOLOGY

There have been numerous advancements that were seen in warfare in the form of arms, transportation, and air power. As with most other technologies, the aircraft underwent many improvements during World War I

what began happening to the working people in the 1910? During this time what also became very popular?

They began working 10-12 hours, had days off, got breaks, wages increased, had leisure time. Reading became very popular, buying newspapers became became easier

HOW DID THE US GOVERNMENT PREPARE THE NATION FOR WORLD WAR 1?

They had the Preparedness Movement, for one, which increased military sizes and weapon manufacturing. Before they were physically involved, the US also stood as a supplier to both the Allies and the Central Powers for weapons and other materials they needed for war. Many factories transformed from creating textiles and 'normal' products to war-focused items like uniforms, planes, guns, etc

Plantations

They had them.

SEMINOLE INDIANS

They lived in Florida as runaways from other tribes. They waged a seven years war against the Americans to try and remain in the east instead of being forcibly removed to the west.

14th Amendment

This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels.

13th Amendment

This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States.

James A. Garfield

This president was a strong supporter of civil-service reform. Although he did not succee in getting congress to go along with his plans for reform, he was able to clean up the nations customhouses.

Rutherford B. Hayes

This president was a strong supporter of civil-service reform. Although he did not succeed in getting Congress to go along with his plans for reform, he was able to clean up the nation's customhouses.

MUCKRACKERS

This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt.

graph

This was any type of unethical or illegal use of political influence for personal gain.

AMERICAN INVENTORS

Thomas Alva Edison: most noted for inventing the light bulb (1879); also invented the phonograph (1877), the first electric power plant (1882), and the first electric streetcar (1893); held over 1,000 patents on his inventions, many are still used today

what was the main problem in Europe?

a lot of small countries tightly packed together

what ended Spanish American war?

Treaty of Paris

WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC OUTCOMES OF DEMOBILIZATION?

Truman had become President after FDR's death, and was subsequently the one who had to face the possible economic consequences of demobilization - as war contracts were cancelled and price controls removed, cutbacks in production led to layoffs and inflation

foraker act

U.S. ended military rule, allows Puerto Ricans to to govern themselves

Henry Cabot Lodge

U.S. senator against League of Nations.

which country was the last to join the war?

UK

Germany kept harassing whose ships?

US

T/F: The Teapot Dome scandal involved the secret leashing of oil-rich lands owned by ALBERT B FALL to private oil companies

US government

Anaconda Plan

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

HENRY FORD

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)

HENRY FLAGLER

Used $ made from Standard Oil, built hotels and railroad which eventually extended to Miami, then Key West

WHAT WERE THE ECONIMIC, MILITARY, AND SECURITY MOTIVATIONS OF THE USA TO COMPLETE THE PANAMA CANAL AS WELL AS MAJOR OBSTACLES INVOLVED IN ITS CONSTRUCTION?

WHAT WERE THE ECONIMIC, MILITARY, AND SECURITY MOTIVATIONS OF THE USA TO COMPLETE THE PANAMA CANAL AS WELL AS MAJOR OBSTACLES INVOLVED IN ITS CONSTRUCTION?

WW1 was a stepping stone for

WWII

RAILROADS

Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west

Anti-slavery movement

William Garrison wrote of anti-slavery in his popular paper "The Liberator"

BIG FOUR

Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (french premier), David Lloyd George (british prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (italian prime minister)

Amazing grace

Written by john newton

FLAPPERS

Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion

This contained a suggestion of an alliance between Mexico and Germany that deeply angered the American people

Zimmerman Note

ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM

Zimmerman Telegram A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.

gentlemen's agreement

a 1907- 1908 agreement between the U.S. and Japanese government to limit Japanese immigration to the United States. Segregate Japanese and then Japan threatened to stop trade if segregation didn't stop.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT

a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

BUSINESS MONOPOLIES

a company that controls or dominates an industry

Vicksburg

a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863)

YELLOW FEVER

a disease transmitted by mosquitoes: its symptoms inclued high fever and vomiting

Gettysburg Address

a famous speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln in Nov. 1863 at the dedication of a national cemitary on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg

HARLEM RENAISSANCE

a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.

EVERGLADES

a large subtropical swampland in Florida of about 4,000 square miles

Labor leaders were targeted by the Espionage and Sedition Acts because they a. demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis b. questioned whether war was right under any circumstances c. preferred the Russian system of government to the American system d. refused to work in industries that supported the war effort

a. demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis

When was Washington, DC, first served by a civil air route? a. in 1918 b. by 1921 c. by 1930 d. after 1930

a. in 1918

The line "Sunlight is unhealthy anyhow!" might be described as a. more radical propaganda b. an advertising slogan c. the voice of the American people d. the voice of the US government

a. more radical propaganda

The two men in this cartoon are a. radicals b. union members c. nativists d. government officials

a. radicals

Which physical feature marks the northwestern border of the battlefront? a. the English Channel b. Great Britain c. the France-Belgium border d. the Swiss Alps

a. the English Channel

American supporters of entry into war could claim their country was fighting a moral war because a. the US joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced b. many citizens planted victory gardens and bought war bonds c. the Zimmerman note was intercepted d. African Americans were offered new job opportunities in northern cities

a. the US joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced

The main factor causing urban sprawl in the 1920s was a. the automobile b. the use of electricity c. growth in industry d. a change in the birthrate

a. the automobile

John L. Lewis is most closely associated with which of the following? a. the coal miners' strike b. the steel mill strike c. the Boston police strike d. the Teapot Dome scandal

a. the coal miners' strike

social mobility

ability for families or individuals to move into a higher social class

Mary Jone

able to close down mining companies

DEMOBILIZATION

act of changing from a war basis to a peace basis including disbanding or discharging troops

Ida B Wells

activist against lynching, journalist, very unsuccessful, but made people aware

paul robeson

actor, black

war industry board

agencies established during WWI to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war related industries

reconstruction finance corporation

agency established in 1932 to provide emergency financing to banks, life insurance companies, railroads, and other businesses

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

aided farmers and regulated crop production -- they paid farmers to lower production and in some cases to destroy crops, with the greater goal go raising crop prices and farm income

George Creel

amazing at propaganda

QUOTA SYSTEM

an arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country

communism

an economic and political system based on one party government and state ownership of property

what made it possible to evolve (made it possible for people not to go up 10 flights of stairs)

an elevator

speculation

an involvement in risky business transaction in an effort to make quick or large profit

Ellis Island

an island in New York harbor that was the chief immigration station in the United States from 1892 to 1924. Cut names in half, over time became more efficient (2 weeks to 2 hours), nicer then angel island, health was super important and test were run, they were put aside if there was a ny suspicion of sickness. around 10 days to 3 weeks journey

Angel Island

an island in San Francisco Bay that was an empty point for many Asian immigrants to the United States beginning in 1910. month long process

LABOR UNIONS

an organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Their radical opposition to any and all forms of government led many with similar beliefs to be harassed, arrested, and deported during the Red Scare

anarchists

De Loma Letters

another cause of war; Representatives in Cuba sending letters to Spain: intervened/ intercepted lead and published, bad mouthing the country. Said that McKinley was a coward.

Eddie Richenbacker

another war hero

nativism

anti-immigration, even own people coming in.

Jane Addams

antiwar activist, advocated for quality of life issues (infant mortality and better car for the elders)

Haymarket Affair (famous strike)

argument between workers and factory owners, factory closed. Mayor called police, beofre police got there people were leaving, police arrived, people got mad, shot fired, unknown by who, 3 dies

credit

arrangement in which consumers agreed to buy now and pay later for purchases

The Espionage and Sedition Acts affected freedom of speech because they a. forced restaurant owners to offer "liberty sandwiches" rather than hamburgers b. allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority c. forced the repeal of the First Amendment d. promoted biased ideas designed to sway people's thinking

b. allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority

Because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the framers of the Treaty of Versailles a. required Germany to pay reparations for war damages b. barred Germany from maintaining an army c. stripped Germany of its colonies in the Pacific d. forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war

b. barred Germany from maintaining an army

According to the map, the first international air route was available a. in 1918 b. by 1921 c. by 1930 d. after 1930

b. by 1921

New Orleans was first served by an air route a. in 1918 b. by 1921 c. by 1930 d. after 1930

b. by 1921

The first practical peacetime use of airplanes was for a. crop-dusting b. carrying mail c. carrying passengers d. weather forecasting

b. carrying mail

To expand its membership in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan engaged in all of the following except a. blaming national problems on immigrants b. encouraging white women to join the organization c. playing on people's fears of political radicals d. allowing members to profit from recruiting new members

b. encouraging white women to join the organization

What did the United States use to overcome the threat of German U-Boats? a. airplanes b. groups of guarded ships c. ships flying neutral flags d. a fleet of American submarines

b. groups of guarded ships

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer believed that he needed to protect the American people from a. big business b. political radicals c. corruption and fraud d. labor union members

b. political radicals

According to the cartoon, a conflict exists between a. the US government and labor unions b. radical ideas and honest American ideas c. American radicals and foreign radicals d. the US government and the American people

b. radical ideas and honest American ideas

Who are the men in the cartoon? a. government officials b. radicals c. foreigners d. unskilled laborers

b. radicals

The Fordney-McCumber Tariff was meant to a. help Britain and France pay off their war debts b. raise taxes on goods entering the United States c. help Germany pay off its war debts d. raise taxes on goods leaving the United States

b. raise taxes on goods entering the United States

What might an anarchist have said about the scandals that plagued President Harding's administration? a. in a successful government, all officials should be chosen by the public b. the scandals are more proof that all forms of government should be abolished c. such scandals would not happen in a communist government d. mistakes made by cabinet members should not damage the reputation of the president

b. the scandals are more proof that all forms of government should abolished

Which of the following is not considered a sign that the prosperity of the 1920s was superficial? a. the economic situation on farms b. the success of the advertising industry c. the number of products purchased on credit d. the difference in income between workers and managers

b. the success of the advertising industry

The Treaty of Versailles overlooked the importance of a. identifying the guilty party in a war b. treating all nations justly, including the losers of a war c. including powerful nations like the US in international peace-keeping organizations d. crippling any nations that might prove dangerous in the future

b. treating all nations justly, including the losers of a war

Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)

banks are inspected by treasury department and those that were stable could reopen -- authorized the treasury Department to inspect banks and to close those that were unsound with the greater goal of restoring public conference in the banking system. -- provided for bank inspections by the Treasury Department and a means for making federal loans to solid banks

prohibition

banning of manufacturing, dales or possession of alcohol

why did the president intervene in the international matters?

because the japanese wasn't ready

propaganda

biased to change/ support views

Robin Bargin

big weights (Andrew Carnegie, John Rocerfeller, J.P. Morgan)

Web Du Bois

black, graduated from Harvard, started the Niagara Movement, believed African Americans should be at same intellectual level. (good long term)

what is the first thing you do in war?

blockade

what did war heroes do?

boost moral

how did the U.S. turn Hawaii into a refueling station?

bribed the king

boulder dam (Hoover dam)

built it to open up more jobs. - problem: to far away, it was in Nevada

Daniel Burnham

built probably most famous building in New York (Flatiron Building )

Bernard M Baruch

businessmen

student information 4

by 1900's more than one million students attended high school

In which country did most of the fighting shown on this map take place? a. Germany b. Belgium c. France d. Luxembourg

c. France

Which of the following statements is supported by the map? a. the earliest purpose of civil air routes was connecting large northern cities with large southern cities b. flights crossing any body of water were not scheduled until well after 1930 c. air routes connecting the East Coast to the West Coast were in place before routes that serviced the cities in the southern United States d. civil air routes serviced all major US cities before servicing any cities in other countries

c. air routes connecting the East Coast to the West Coast were in place before routes that serviced the cities in the southern United States

According to the cartoon, radical ideas come from a. the American people b. the labor movement c. foreign and Communist countries d. the US government

c. foreign and Communist countries

Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact considered useless? a. It didn't prevent war; it only punished countries that started wars b. it made the process of repaying war debts too easy c. it provided no means of enforcing the "no war" agreement d. it failed to include several of the strongest military powers

c. it provided no means of enforcing the "no war" agreement

The policy that kept the US out of the war for three years was called a. nationalism b. the alliance system c. neutrality d. the convoy system

c. neutrality

A plane traveling from Chicago's airport to the airport in Minneapolis would have to travel a. northeast b. southeast c. northwest d. southwest

c. northwest

Which of the following rose dramatically in the early 1920s? a. wages b. labor union membership c. tariffs d. the build-up of armaments

c. tariffs

What caused widespread starvation in Germany? a. a severe drought b. the devaluation of German currency c. the British blockade d. the Allied bombing of German farms

c. the British Blockade

In this cartoon, what bigger idea does the "light" represent? a. radicalism of foreigners b. anarchy c. the truth about America d. Soviet communist ideals

c. the truth about America

George Pullman

came up with the sleeping trains created town and people then must follow his rules, made little town that then strike occurred and on one wanted to live there anymore.

settlement house

can find information about housing and jobs, social gathering, helped people be more social and not so alone .community enter providing assistance to residents-particulars immigrants in a slum neighborhood. like community centers

direct relief

cash payment or food government provides for the poor

rural free delivery

catalogues and online shopping, with free delivery (like even more due to free delivery)

WAR BONDS

certificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.

Bessenger Process (Henry Bassemer)

cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed in 1850; purified stainless steel

15th Amendment

citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

BANK HOLIDAY

closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen

why is Hawaii important?

closer to Asia

Germany goes to Belgium to get to France why?

closest way, easier terrain

This is an economic and political system based on a single party government ruled by dictatorship

communism

vertical integration

company takes over suppliers, distributors, and transportation system

Debt Peonage

condition of sharecroppers who could not pay off their debts and therefore could not leave the property they worked

This term describes a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds

conscientious objector

political machines

controlled the activities of a political party in a city

political machine

controlled the activities of a political party in a city. organized group that controls the political party and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.

Admiral William S. Sims convinced the British to use this as a hindrance to German U-boat attacks

convoy system

Cuba

could govern themselves, similar consitition, platt amendment

alliance system

countries getting on the same side. may seek out when weak or needy. central powers alliance and secret alliances

Banking Act of 1935

created a 7-member board to regulate the nation's money and interest rates on loans

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

created a tax on workers and employers. That money provided monthly pensions for retired people.

George Easton

created the camera, due to evolution the camera has become smaller and smaller. before taking a picture took a lot of effort and time, due to the time it takes to wait for picture and the people must be staying still. this introduced the careers of being a photographer and journalist. the pictures taken were then bought from newspapers and magazines bought some of the pictures taken.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

developed the resources of the Tennessee Valley -- helped create prosperity in a poverty-stricken region by providing funds to build and repair dams, flood-control projects, and power plants. --pollution was an unfortunate result of this program to promote flood control and build hydroelectric power plants. -- rebuild dams and provided hydroelectric power to an impoverished region

European countries tightly packed together resulted in

different views/ideas, overpopulation, limited resources, not the same education (over packed)

Wagner Act

do what you must do to feed your family, could negotiate workers and owners- decent wages. make sure power not abused

dollar diplomacy

don't want Latin America to borrow money from Europe; owing money means they have pore over them

dust bowl

dried soil blew over cities, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico

what happened after the U.S. put tariffs on sugar?

dropped profits really low (sugar in Hawaii really cheap)

Germans at the end of the war were in an _________ crisis

economic

MARKET ECONOMY

economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange in markets

Pullman strike

economy reduced and he reduced wages, pullman refused to lower payments for houses. town faded and no one wanted to live there

PLANNED ECONOMY

economy that relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions

americanization movement

education programs designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture. give classes to americanize

what was very innovative during this time

electric cars, the subway system

how was the criticism at home silenced?

espionage and sedation act

Fair Labor Standards Act

established a minimum hourly wage and a maximum number of hours in the workweek of for the entire country. set rules for the employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous factory work for those under 18. -- this set a national minimum hourly wage and prohibited factory labor for children under 16 years of age

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

established codes for fair competition

Glass Steagall Banking Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations (FDIC) with the greater goal of restoring public confidence in the banking system

Thomas Alva Edison

established the world first research laboratory, also invented the lightbulb

NORMALCY

expectedness as a consequence of being usual or regular or common

yellow journalism

fabricate lies, exaggerate or made up. due to stores, hatred started growing

clarence darrow

famous trial lawyer

trench war

fighting in trench, others too

American Federation of Labor

first successful attempt to go against business (sammuel gomper)

Wright Brothers

first that had lift off, used a lot for transportation/ delivery of mail-was the first thing that they made profit out of. PanAm-first airline

Louis Sullivan

first to make a 10-floor skyscraper. (built wainwright building in st. Louis)

Eugene Debs

first to really challenge big weights. created independent world workers, accumulated money o fusion- for protest and when needed, he challenged railroads

what happened in 1918?

flu epidemic believed it was brought by European, killed 500,000 people.

John Rockefeller

formed trusts and organized oil industry in America

Klu Klux Klan

founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American

soup kitchen

free low cost food and bread lines, by charities

flappers

free thinking young women who embraced the new fashion and urban attitude of the 1920's

organization black hand

freedom movement or terrorist (depending on who you ask)

what did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Schnck v.s. U.S.?

freedom of speech could be curbed in wartime

T/F: The Ohio gang consisted of various ENEMIES of President Warren G. Harding who took advantage of their political positions to gain wealth and influence

friends

what was done to conserve energy during WWI?

fuel administration introduced daylight savings

platt amendment

gives americans right to intervene anytime they see fit, takes away freedom, no trust. Put in Cubans Constitution; similar to U.S.

American Expeditionary Act

go to war in France; won't take orders from them-choose how you fight.

why was there a high demand to get to Asia?

good, spices etc.

COMMITEE OF PUBLIC INFORMATION

government organization that produced propaganda to build support for the war

FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT

grew dramatically in 1st 2 decades . led by fears of Protestant Modernism also catholic and jewish people. composed of mainly southern baptist. Darwinian theories scared them

ohio gang

group of close friends and political supporters whom president warren g harding appointed to his cabinet

allies

group of nations

urbanization

growth of cites. problems: tenement overload, water needed, lacked transportation system (came up with metro/subway), high crime rate

monopoly

having complete control in the marketplace, without any outside completion, now is illegal. start taking over business, get you where you are wanted, controlled

what happened to Archduke Franz Ferninand?

he came out of a car in Sarajevo, shooting began, him and the Princess were shot and died

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

help equip African Americans with teaching diploma and useful skills in the trades and agriculture (Booker T Washington)

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

helps stated to provide aid for the unemployment --provided direct relief in the form of food and clothing to the neediest people hit by the Depression- the unemployed, the aged, and the ill

what did republicans want?

high tariffs, why? they can manage price, have no competition, therefore, gaining a lot of money. who were they? industrialist, businessman.everyone else had to pay a lot more for things that could be a lot cheaper if there were lower tariffs

patronage

hire people who are loyal to you. an office holder's power to appoint people- usually who have helped him or her get elected to position in government

what stood out about african americna education

how low the amount of African Americans children were actually attending school (lived in rural, south-made it difficult)

convoy goods

how to deliver goods, send ships with gun, pass and escort across the Atlantic- worked because submarines knew that they'd get blown out of the water; military ships surrounded

grandfather clause

if your grandfather or his grandfather voted, you could vote (put in effect to limit and hold back blacks)

Alfred T. Mahan

in army and pushed fro improvements in the navy

Fredrick Law Oimsted

in charge of planning central park, Chicago- dug out a lake and began construction in the part of "new" chicago

J.P. Morgan

oil company

Randal Hurst

one of the biggest newspapers in the country

student information 6

only 2.3% of young people attend college or university

espionage and sedation act

only used in WW1, caught spying against US government- would be unacceptable and killed. sedation- talking bad about war= getting arrested. (against 1st amendment)

John Hay

open door notes to countries and China (Spain, Japan, England, Russia, Denmark, Italy, China)

isolationism

opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries

social stratification

organization of people into social classes by wealth

why were war heroes important?

organize for, bring companies together

Samuel Gomper

organized cigar factor, skilled labor, stoked and company shit down, created American Federation of Labor

#1 problem in cities

overpopulation, couldn't expand from side to side, so hey began building upwards (building skyscrapers)

Joseph Pulitzer

owner of newspaper in New York, millionaire

William Randolph Hearst

owner of newspaper in San Francisco, millionaire

These people opposed WWI because they perceive all wars as evil

pacifists

poll tax

paid certain amount of money to vote

Roosevelt Corollary

part of monroe doctrine, if you get out of line, we'll go with out troops

supply ships had to come up with a way to

pass ocean and not get ships bombarded

WOMEN IN WW1

patriotism (total war) & high wages drew women into labor force - "male" jobs. most crucial work was making shells (bombs) and explosives

buying on margin

paying small percentage of stock price as a down payment and borrowing the rest

REPARATIONS

payment for damages after a war

bread lines

people waiting to receive food provided by charities

COMMUNISTS

people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property

ANARCHISTS

people who oppose organized government

GREAT DEPRESSION

period lasting from 1929 to 1941 in which the US economy faltered and unemployment soared

great depression

period of 1929 though 1930 in which economy plummeted and unemployment skyrocketed

anarchist

person who opposes all the forms of government

conscientious objector

person who refuses on moral gourds to participate in warfare

CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR

person who refuses to enter the military or bear arms due to moral or religious reasons

bootleggers

person who smuggles alcoholic beverages into the united stated during prohibition

government must support businesses

problem with allowing/ trusting business->take advantage, change laws to favor them, gain a lot of money, and now can't be regulated. Growing population especially in urban due to factories and workers coming in, indent farmers and others internationally coming in

how has he education sysem changed

problems- lot of kids dont want to go to school, most schools were religous schools like protestants etc, another big problem was the harsh disciple like no slouching, hitting with rulers, spattling,

what was a major campaign issue in the 1928 election?

prohibition

Niagara movement

promote education of the African Americans in the liberal arts, same intellectuality as whites (Web Du Bois)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

protected bank deposits up to $5,000 (today, accounts are protected up to $25,000) -- created through the Glass-Steagall Banking Act, this shored up the banking system by protecting people's savings against loss in the event of a bank failure. -- created through the Glass Steagall Banking Act of 1933, this originally protected up to $5,000 of an individual's bank account

protectorate

protecting; sending message not to mess with Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico. countries whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

fundamentalist

protestant religious movement grounded int he belief that all the stories and details in the bible are literally true

Social Security Admnistration

provided a pension for retired workers and their spouses and aided people with disabilities. -- provided pension for retired workers and their spouses and aided people with disabilities, poor mothers and dependent children, and the needy elders

Rural Electrification Administration (REA)

provided affordable electricity for isolated rural areas

United States Housing Authority (USHA)

provided federal loans for low cost public housing

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

provided jobs for single males on the conservation projects --put almost 3 million young men to work building roads, developing parks, and helping in soil-erosion and flood-control projects -- put hundreds of thousands of young, single men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees and helping in soil erosion and flood control projects

National Youth Administration (NYA)

provided jobs training for unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

provides work in federal government

Valeriano Weyler

put villagers in concentration camps, Jose Marti asked him for help

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

quickly created as many jobs as possible from construction jobs to positions in symphony orchestras. --this addressed the problems of unemployment and poverty by creating jobs that ranged the construction of airports and libraries to the sewing of clothing for the needy

This established the maximum number of immigrants who were allowed into the US from each foreign country

quota system

ROSEWOOD INCIDENT

racially motivated massacre of several African Americans in a Florida town that ignited as a result of a rumor that a black man had assaulted a white woman

T/F: The Fordney-McCumber tariff was adopted in 1922 to LOWER the taxes on imported goods

raise

boxer rebellion

rebellion in which members of a chinese secret society sought to free their country from western influence

Herbert Hoover

republican president won

Federal Securities Act

required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings, with the greater goal of restoring public confidence in the stock market. -- required corporation to provide complete, truthful information on all stocks offered

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)

required manufactures to list ingredients in foods, drugs, and cosmetic produce

Emilio Zapata

revolutionary, peasant and started land reform in Mexico

WHAT SOCIAL PROBLEMS NEEDED TO BE ADDRESSED IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES?

scholars of the late 19th century early 20th century, the United States a serious social problem raised by a series of social policy research less, especially on social policy and social studies of linkages between ideas to be in-depth. This paper carried out to explore: the United States was the formulation of social policy and social change in ideas closely linked, this linkage is reflected in the social and ideological concepts, mainly as a Ward of 'social guide into say,' as well as the evolving field of philosophy pragmatic theory, these social changes in the promotion of ideas of social policy formulation.

albert b. fall

secretary of interior

charles e. hugh

secretary of state

teapot domes scandal

secretary of the interior albert b. falls secret leasing of oil-rich pubic land to private companies in return for money and land

how political machines (actual person) approached you

seld people to immigrants harbor and people that spoke same language or had same culture, would go up to them and offer them help, telling them not to worry about getting a job, house, food etc. felt relieved that themselves and family was taken care of but also felt that it was very strange of someone especially a stranger to do something like that. years later they get a knock at their door, and have to pay the person back by voting for_________. if he says no everything would be taken from him. this kept people in power

warren harding

senator, ohio republican, presidencial candidate

the scopes or monkey trial

sensational 1925 court case in which the biology teacher john t. scopes was tried for challenging Tennessee law that outlawed the teaching of evolution

segregation

separation of blacks and whites

WWI was the first war women officially

served in the armed forces

William Mckinley

serves for 4 years, wanted very high tariffs. served presidential term after Benjamin Harrison and James A. Garfield.

double standard

set of principle greater sexual freedom to men and women

fordney-mcCumben tarriff

set of regulations, enacted by congress in 1922, that raised axes on imports to record levels in order to protect american businesses against foreign competition

Benjamin Harrison

signed McKinley tariff act which raised tariffs on manufacturing good and to their highest level yet

bonus army

soldiers promised around $500, veterans organized and petitioned; congress said "no." - Hoover sent army to fight veterans- you not do that.

places that only sold one thing eventually became what?

someone though of making a department store where you can find everything, instead of spending all day going to a butcher shop, a tailor, etc, yo ego to one place that has it all. Department stores also allowed for more leisure time. Department stores then turn to chain stores then to franchises

Defich Spending

spending more money then you have, must de done to create programs and invest in the country

marcus garvey

started UNIA- universal negro international association

FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

started in Great Britain in the late 18th century; centered around three new developments | coal-powered steam engine, textile machines (spinning thread and weaving cloth), and blast furnaces to produce iron; helped increase the growth of the early American economy.

Booker T. Washington

started the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (trading school) believed that if African Americans were trained at high levels, white appreciated him, racism would decrease, overtime white man respects him for his work (good short term)

WHO WERE THE SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE OR GROUPS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND WHAT WERE THEIR GOALS?

the goal of Reconstruction was to restore the union and compromise with the Southern states that ceded before and during the war. In order for Lincoln to restore our union he had to allow some flexibility with new laws so that the South would be want to come back to the union peacefully. The country was in a fragile state and even though many northerners were ready for complete civil rights for African Americans, if that were to happen the South would not be willing to come back to the Union. First of all Lincoln and his Congress created the 13th amendment that would completely abolish slavery, which was the beginning stages of restoration.

FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORTAION

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

escort fitzgerald

the great great gatsby

what problem happened in association with paper and the printing press

the paper was way too thin and newspapers could only print on one side due to it, the person in charge of the printing press, mixed chemicals and shaving from the papers to perfect a paper thick enough to print on both sides

PROHIBITION

the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment

Nadir

the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

URBANIZATION

the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

melting pot

theory mixing of people from different cultures and races who blend together by abandoning their native languages and cultures. didn't actually happen like that

what was another problem in cities

there was no planning, it was a free for all, cities become chaotic

Stalwarts

these republican supports of NYC boss Roscoe Conking were strongly opposed of the civil service reform

why did women and minorities become essential?

they began working, it is said that if it wasn't for women working we wouldn't have won the war

why did Germany attack a "defenseless" passenger ship?

they thought that they had weapon; which was later found out that they actually did. 100+ deaths

Germans didn't really start the war butttt

they were pointed their fingers at; blamed

Chester A. Arthur

this president surprised everyone by turning the reform.

what was Queen Lillikiana mentality?

thought differently then her brother, wanted Hawaii to be just for Hawaiians

BONUS EXPEDITIONARY FORCES

thousands of WWI veterans, who insisted on immediate payment of their bonus certificates, they marched on Washington in 1932, violence ensured when President Hoover ordered their ten villages cleared

Germany kept harassing US ships despite...

threat of cutting off trade with them, at the end we stopped trade with Germany

what happens if you support rebels in Cuba?

thrown into cuban concentration camp (Valeriano Weyler)

trust

to own company must have 51% of shares in company EX: bank 1 gets 3 little banks shares, policies from a 1 now apply to all 3. everyone makes a profit, but 1 makes a lot more. business organization in which competing companies are under the control of the single crop of trustees

why did France join the war?

to protect themselves

U.S.S. Maine

to remove people from island, U.S. citizens. Ship mysteriously blew up

what was U.S. real cause for entering the war

too many ships were lost

Cornelius Vanderbilt

topdog railroad owner, at one point had more money then government

shantytown

town consisted of shacks

why does the U.S. want to control Philippines?

trade

mas transit

transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed route, subway made

how did the U.S. make back the money after buying Alaska?

trees for lumber

what kind of war was it?

trench war

identify and explain 5 reasons why the political machines were so successful in the late 1800's and explain the negative aspect of the political machines

wanted to get reelected, felt sympathy for immigrants, people were set up with food, jobs, and housing. Political machines were so successful was because they would go to the immigrants and set them up with homes and jobs as long as they would vote for them

Alvin York

war hero- lined in mountains in Tennessee; when drafted commanding officers loved him. very religious- completely against killing people. he later on killed 26 people, he realized he had to to save other soldiers

why send ships port to port?

we can, we have muscle

Puerto Rico

we controlled, put military there, U.S. felt they were ready for self-government, foraker

was U.S. army and navy WEAK or STRONG

weak

what increased body count?

weapons

no mans land

where war is fought

when war ended who took credit?

wilson

congress didnt like

wilsons 14 points

Grover Cleveland

won, lost (harrison won), won. tried to lower tariffs, but congress refused to support him. democrat

Germany sending U-boats to British ships didn't...

work and decided to go to British supply ships

the Big 4

worked out peace agreement- treaty of Versailles. -U.S. (Wilson) - France (George Clemenceau) - British (David Loiyd George) -Italy (Orlando)

debt peonage

workers bound to servitude until debt is paid

open door note

write letters to countries, told to make room for america

ernest hemingway

writer

zorta hutson

writer

Mark Twain

wrote fictional books

during this time were there many German immigrants?

yes

what happens if superpowers don't join league of nations?

you don't have money. British and French not joining.

imperialism

you want island, i want island -might have to fight for it