US History - EOC Florida- Reconstruction

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

Lincoln Assassination

In Ford's Theater, April 1865, John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln as part of conspiracy to bring down the US Government

Election of 1876

Ended Reconstruction. Neither candidate received a majority of electoral votes because of disputed returns in the South. The House settled the election in the Compromise of 1877 and Rutherford ("Rutherfraud") Hayes became president.

Congressional Reconstruction

Harsh plan to punish the South for the War, occupy it with the military to protect freedmen rights and take power from the previous planter class of the South.

14th Amendment

(1) All persons born in the U.S. are citizens; (2) no person can be deprived of life, liberty or property without DUE PROCESS OF LAW; (3) no state can deprive a person of EQUAL PROTECTION of the laws. (necessary because of Dred Scott decision)

Andrew Johnson

A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Carpetbagger

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; Seen by Southerners as trying to gain political advantage or economic advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. It was used in Reconstruction because whites didn't control the Southern governments.

Sharecropping

A system of farming that developed in the South after the Civil War, to keep former slaves tied to the land and poor. The system called for dividing the crop to pay for using the land and then the other part paid for the loan of money to cover seeds, fertilizer, farm equipment, food and clothing.

Radical Republicans

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln and Johnson were too compassionate towards the South. They believed in greater rights for freed blacks.

John Wilkes Booth

American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln

Robert E. Lee

Appointed command of the Confederate Army in 1862 during the Civil War. He did not support secession but wouldn't fight against Virginia. Despite his skill he was forced to surrender to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.

Johnson Impeachment

Congress tried and failed to remove President Johnson from office for violating the Tenure of Office Act because they wanted to control Reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

Deal that ended Reconstruction. In exchange for Hays being President, the Republicans promised 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet, and 3) spend federal money for railroad construction and levees for the South

Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Designed to destroy black codes by giving blacks full citizenship; Johnson vetoed it, but congress overturned that

Redeemers

Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Sought to "redeem" the South by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Law created by Radical Republicans that was originally vetoed by Johnson but overridden by Congress; established harsher requirements for Confederate states; divided Southern states into military districts; required states to vote to ratify 14th amendment

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War to control lives of former slaves and tie them to working the land for white landowners

Ten Percent Oath

Part of Lincoln's plan to allow loyal governments when 10% of state's voting population swears allegiance to the Union

Scalawag

Southern whites who supported Republican policies of Reconstruction, seen as traitors by the South

15th Amendment

States cannot deny the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Presidential Reconstruction

The President's idea of reconstruction: rapid, lenient reconstruction with 10% loyalty oath, blanket pardons for most rebels except Planter class who had to ask personally for pardons, all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal. (No new rights for blacks)

Freedmans Bureau

federal bureau passed over Johnson's veto that operated after the Civil War that helped former enslaved people and war refugees with food, medical, and other aid with schooling

Hiram Revels

first African American senator during Reconstruction because Confederates were disenfranchised and blacks could vote (took Jefferson Davis' old Senate Seat from Mississippi)