US History- TeXes 232, TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) World History, TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) Texas History & Government, Texes (232)-7-12-Geography, Geography, Culture, and the Behavioral and Social Sciences, TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232)...

Ottoman Empire

A switch from land routes to sea routes significantly led to the decline of this empire

What is the largest and most influential special interest group in the United States? Teachers Union. AMA. AARP. NRA.

AARP

Craig Anthony Washington

African American attorney and former congressman representing Houston,Texas opposed bills related to NAFTA and NASA. First sought state house seat with four other minority candidates, Anthony Hall, George T. "Mickey" Leland, Benny Reyes and Cecil Bush, (dubbed the "People's Five") and later served in the Texas Senate.

Estevanico

African slave who was shipwrecked with de la Vaca and served as interpreter since he was gifted in learning new languages

Treaty of Annexation

After several years of debate in Texas and the United States regarding the viability of annexation, the U.S. and Texas both signed this treaty on April 1844, and congress ratified it on March 1845.

Lived off the land

All Native American tribes did this to survive

Deng Xiaoping

An original member of the Long March with Mao, he replaced Mao upon his death introducing economic reforms but little in individual political rights

Which of the following is the world's longest mountain range?

Andes

Napoleon's Invasion of Europe

As a result of this the majority of Spanish and Portuguese colonies gained their independence

Black Death

As a result of this the population recovered through regeneration after 100 years when 1/3 of European population was wiped out and disrupted trade.

Second Continental Congress

At this event the Articles of Confederation were ordered drafted

Precedent

Cases heard and decided by the Supreme Court set _____ and all legal decisions throughout the US must comply with this decision.

Economy of Southern Colonies

Cash crop through plantations

Oil Boom

Cattle and cotton were soon displaced by a new Texas "king"

1945-1953

Cold War -US wants to stop communism

Hundred Schools of Thought

Combined, Confucianism, Legalism, and Daosim made up this

Sam Houston

Commander in Chief of the Texas army.

Tokugawa Period

Commercial trade with the Portuguese during this time introduced Japan to firearms

Shogun

Control of Japan rested with this title

Social studies teachers teach students that topographic maps represent what? Buildings. Underground water springs. Cultural and natural features on ground level. Air space.

Cultural and natural features on ground level.

three major types of projection used in creating world maps are

Cylindrical projection—Cylindrical projection—Flat-Plane projections

Serfs

Czars passed laws limiting the rights of these in large part to gain favor of the nobility

When colonies break from their dependency on their founding countries, it is known as what?

Decolonization

Korea

During the occupation of this each adopted the political ideology of its occupying nation

Checks and Balances

Each branch of government has specific delegated powers given to them in the Constitution to limit the power of another branch of government

Erosion

Earth formations are altered due to exposure to wind and rain-Volcanic eruptions form islands

Ecology bases its studies on three different levels of the environment

Ecosystem, Biomes, and Habitat

Romanov's

Encouraged Russification and allegiance to the Eastern Orthodox Chrch

Ninth Amendment

Even though the right to privacy is not a listed right found in the Bill of Rights, this amendment protects that fundamental right

Silk Road

Facilitating exchange of goods, ideas and disease to include the Bubonic Plague

Battle of Palmito Ranch

Final battle of American Civil War.

Barbara Jordan

First African American woman to serve in the US Congress from a southern state

Jose de Escandon

First Spanish governor of Nuevo Santander, which extended from the Panuco River to the Guadalupe River in present-day Texas. He was known as the Exterminator of the Pames of Queretaro for his barbaric behavior toward Native Americans.

Process of learning

Focus on the _____ _____ _____ and teach how to think and learn not just basic academic skills.

China

Following Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor Japan was forced to redirect it attention away from here to protect its Pacific empire

Korea

Following WWII this was annexed by Japan and was occupied both by the USSR and the US with the Soviets north of the 38th parallel and was to be for a limited occupation while terms of uniting the country were negotiated

Mikhail Romanov

Following a period of civil unrest in Russia, his election as czar established the new royal family

Attending kindergarten is an example of which of the following?

Formal learning

How many wars took place during the period of the Anglo-Dutch Wars? Five. Two. Seven. Four.

Four.

Eightfold Path

From Buddhism this is derived from the fourth Noble Truth which are a series of "rights" to achieve Nirvana.

26th Amendment

Gave people 18 years old and older the right to vote

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Ghengis, he consolidated Mogul rule in China but failed to conquer Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma, Java and Japan

1929-1941

Great Depression

Muhammad

He assembled an army and invaded areas that had expelled him for his religious beliefs beginning a long series of conquests throughout the Arabian Peninsula

Mandela

He became a symbol of the anti-apartheid movement and white oppression

MacArthur

He gained ground in the Pacific with island hopping campaign

Ra

He is the sun god

Stephen F. Austin

He received a land grant to colonize the region along the Brazos River

Hitler

He rose to power in the 1920s and 1930s in Germany becoming leader of the Nazis

Spindletop

Here is the beginning of the Texas oil boom

December 11 1941

Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the US

Yellow River

Huang He translated means this

Norman Dukes

In England this feudal monarchy built a tightly knit state in which all power disseminated from them

Bushido

In Japan this is known as the code of conduct

Emperor

In Japan this was the ruler, however this was just a figure head

Court of appeals and Supreme Court

In the judicial branch Texas is divided between these two courts

Jainism

Indian belief system popularized by Mahavira who practiced nonviolence to living things or their soles.

Ghana

Islam spread to this city due to trade routes

Study Strategies

It is important to teach _____ _____ such as outlining, mapping, marking, note taking, to focus on the process of learning.

Constantinople

It was famed for its defenses and was built on 7 hills, the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara

China

Japan launched a full scale invasion of this nation in 1937 and quickly gained control. It was condemned but the international community could not stop it.

What revolution helped bring Louis-Philippe to power in France during 1830?

July Revolution

Octavian

Known also as Augustus defeated Mark Anthony and became sole ruler and maintained republican forms.

1950-1953

Korean War

Which of the following became the first President of the first African country to gain independence from Great Britain? Kwame Nkrumah. Nnamdi Azikiwe. Maurice Yaméogo. Léopold Senghor.

Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana

Interchangeable Parts

Mass production led to this as a way to meet increase demand and efficiency and cost

Ming Dynasty

Meaning brilliant this followed the Yuan Dynasty

Tang Dynasty

Military conquests included Manchuria, Tibet, Korea and north Vietnam

What is not a field that social sciences can be divided into?

Movement patterns

What settlement was reached by foreign nations which allowed for the Germans to conquer Sudetenland at the start of World War II?

Munich Agreement.

Agustin de Iturbide

Negotiated with the Mexican revolutionary leader Vincente R. Guerrero for independence in the Plan de Iguala on February 24, 1821.

New England Colonies (4)

New Hampshire Connecticut RI Massachussetts

Quantitative Methods

Numbers are used to produce data and results

Jose de Urrea

On March 9, 1836, this Mexican general was heading toward Goliad. After many victories, he captured General James Fannin and the Goliad army.

Writing or many scientific advances

Only a few of the Native American tribes had these

Great Wall

Originally designed to keep the invading Mongols out this was completed under Ming;

Treaty of Kanagawa

Perry arrived in Japan with this from the US President to open Japan to foreign trade

What is the study of power called? Political science. Sociology. Anthropology. Psychology.

Political Science

Sound Bite

Politicians write and make speeches knowing that on average less than 30 seconds of what he or she says will ever be broadcasted creating the _____ _____ politics with snappy lines getting more airplay.

Thomas Hobbes

Published his work The Leviathan explaining his view of the social contract theory.

There are times in the legislative process when both the Senate and the House appoint a conference committee in order to:

Reconcile different versions of a bill.

1865-1873

Reconstruction

Ming Dynasty

Revived the civil service exams and encouraged the creation of extensive scholar-bureaucrat class responsible for governing the empire

5th Amendment

Right from self incrimination through forced, coerced testimony

7th Amendment

Right to a jury trial

6th Amendment

Right to a speedy public trial and council

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

Peter the Great

Russian czar best known for centralizing his authority and bringing Western ideas to the Russian Empire

What country claims to be the oldest Republic still in existence? San Marino. Vatican City. Italy.United States.

San Marino

Mirabeau Lamar

Second President of Texas

Shi Huangdi

Self proclaimed first emperor of China established out of Xianyang and linked sections of the Great Wall

17th Amendment

Senators are elected directly by the people through popular vote rather than appointed by legislators

How many original articles are in the U.S. Constitution? Three Four Seven Ten

Seven

All of the following were motivations for the continuance of slavery in the Antebellum South, EXCEPT:

Slaves were an economically efficient labor force because they could be purchased at very low cost.

Columbian Exchange

Smallpox, influenza, and measles caused far reaching epidemics in the New World

Which of the following states was involved in the Nullification Crisis? North Carolina. South Carolina. Tennessee. Kentucky.

South Carolina.

1865

South surrenders from CW -no more slavery -bloodiest war that ever happened -18% white males in south died

Beaumont

Spindletop is located here

Which of the following is not a perspective used to study the philosophical foundations of social sciences?

Sporadic perspective.

What strait was also called the Pillars of Hercules by the Greeks since they believed that Hercules had broken the land apart?

Strait of Gibraltar

Interior Lowlands

Stretch from Caprock Escarpment in the west, the Edwards Plateau in the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east.

Eighth Tenth Eleventh

Students in the _____, _____, and _____ grades are tested on their knowledge of the TEKS through STAAR testing

The fastest growing portion of the Brazilian population lives in: The suburbs. The inner cities. The Amazon Basin. The Guiana Highlands.

Suburbs

Natural Selection

Survival of the fittest, this is the process in nature where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive longer and transmit more of their genetic characteristics to succeeding generations than those that are less adapted.

Panama

TR offered Panamanian rebels the support of the US Navy as an incentive for them to seek independence

Real world connections

Teachers should ask students to make _____ _____ _____ to their learning which helps to emphasize the lesson and ease learning by bringing it to their level of understanding.

Technology

Teachers should use ______ wherever possible and in as many forms as possible since this has become a major component in student's lives today.

Treaty of Versailles

Terms in this included reparations, and disarmament where Germany was forbidden to have battleships, artillery, or subs and an army over 10000 men

Treaty of Versailles

Terms included in this was a significant loss of German territory such as Alsace-Lorraine - given to France - the establishment of the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone on the border of Germany and France,

1836

Texas Independence

Baghdad

The Abbasids founded their Dynasty here and allowed a mix of cultural backgrounds to rise to positions of power in society

Which of the following events caused England to become a Protestant country? The Spanish Inquisition. The Act of Supremacy. The War of 1812. The creation of the Mongol Empire.

The Act of Supremacy.

Executive Branch

The Attorney General is part of this branch in Texas government

Indirect Rule

The British preferred colonies to be given a degree of autonomy or this

Tokugawa Period

The Portuguese arrived in Japan during this time establishing a commercial relationship

Constitutional Monarchs

The Queen of England and the King of Spain are examples of _____ _____ with their power being very limited by law.

China's Sorrow

The Yellow River has been nicknamed this because of unpredictable flooding

Atmosphere

The area of gasses that surround the earth.

Republicanism

The birthplace of _____ Rome allowed for voting directly for representatives to vote on issues in the Senate.

Timbuktu

The collapse of the Songhay Empire and the establishment of European trading posts along the coast of Africa led to its decline

J. Pinckney Henderson

The first Governor of Texas

5 Year Plan

The first phase of this focused on heavy industry and rapid industrialization in areas of coal and iron production

League of Nations

The formation of this was one of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles to include France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan

Manila

The founding of this city marked the birth of world trade due to the demand for silver

Tokugawa Dynasty

The medieval period in Japan was ended by this dynasty who centralized power and unified Japan

Cuzco

The most sacred city to the native Incas with huge temples built to honor their gods.

Han Dynasty

The most significant Empire in China, this was responsible for building roads and canals to increase trade an communication leading to the development of trade routes and the Silk Roads

Alamo

The most well known mission in Texas set up in San Antonio

Monarchy

The power to rule in this form of government is normally inherited along the male family line.

Marco Polo

The stories of his travels were immortalized when taken prisoner of war during the feuds of Venice and Genoa where a romance writer translated his tales of travel along the Silk Road

Jean Piaget

Theorist on Cognitive development that we learn by forming schemas

Qadis

These are known as judges in the Abbasid Dynasty

Concurrent Powers

These are powers that both the federal government and state government have in common such as courts and taxation

Implied Powers

These are powers that expand the scope of Congress, the president and the Supreme Court

Select Committee

These are temporary committees set up by the House and Senate to deal with a specific issue not covered by a standing issue

Feudal Monarchy

These maintained order, provided stable government and provided the impetus for ocean going exploration

Napoleonic Era

These were the four stages of the French Revolution

Mycenaeans

They combined their language with Greek and Minoan and their conflict with Troy was presented in the Iliad

Xia Dynasty

They developed along the Huang He River

Toltecs

They migrated to central Mexico settling in Tula

Ming Dynasty

They revived the Confucian traditions encouraging the subordination of women

Sultans

They ruled Punjab, India to the Ganges Valley

Aztecs

They settled on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco the site of modern day Mexico

Assyrian's

They were responsible for using iron tools to conquer Mesopotamia.

Honore Blanc

This French gunsmith produced some of the first firearms with interchangeable parts by demonstrating that muskets could be assembled from a pile of parts selected at random

U Boat

This German domain was used to destroy British naval ships

Lenin

This Marxist who led the Bolshevik Party took control of Russia making it the worlds first communist state

Fifth Amendment

This amendment establishes procedural rights

Eighth Amendment

This amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment

Twenty Fifth Amendment

This amendment states that if a president informs the Senate and house that they cannot continue to be president, the vice president becomes president until the president writes to both Houses of Congress that they are ready to resume their duties

Panama

This country declared its independence from Columbia granting the US the authority to build

Declaration of Independence

This created a rationale for breaking away from England listing a series of grievances of "repeated injuries and usurpations"

Occupation

This determined a persons subcaste

Treaty of Kanagawa

This effectively ended Japanese isolationism and turned the country towards a new domestic policy of rapid modernization

Assyrian Empire

This empire was noted for first using Hammurabi's Code

Justinian's Code

This had three parts: a Code, the Digest, and the Institutes.

Nationalism

This is a feeling of pride in one's nation and played a significant role in political movements throughout the 18th and 19th centuries to include France, Germany, and Italy

Russification

This is a form of cultural assimilation where these communities, voluntarily or not, gave up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one with the major areas being in politics and culture.

Crusades

This is a holy war where warriors would take up the cross and fight on behalf of their faith

Point of View

This is a narrative perspective that describes the position of the narrator in relation to the story being told.

Full Faith and Credit

This is found in Article 4 of the Constitution and establishes the legal recognition of one state's law by every other state

Establishment Clause

This is intended to prevent the federal government from supporting a national religion

Subsistence Agriculture

This is known as self-sufficiency farming and was predominant in Neolithic civilizations.

Inti

This is the Incan sun god

3

This is the minimum amount of electoral votes each state has

Soviets

This means local councils in Russian

Apartheid

This means separateness and its policy of legal segregation where imposed by the white minority government in South Africa

Latin American Independence

This occurred as a result of Creole leaders resentful of the power and privilege of the peninsulares spread revolutionary ideas throughout Spanish and Portuguese colonies

Sino-Japanese War

This occurred as a result of Japanese expansionist policy following its rapid industrialization

Declaration of Independence

This officially declared that the US was independent of British rule.

Treaty of Fontainbleau

This officially exiled Napoleon to Elba where he was allowed to rule as emperor and had sovereignty over the island

Lieutenant Governor

This position presides over the Texas Senate

Industrial Revolution

This promoted nations needs for cheap resources leading to increased imperialism

Hadith

This serves as a guide for interpreting the Qur'an and for social and legal customs

1953 Armistice

This was a cease fire agreement that divided Korea along the 38th parallel with Korea remaining divided along the DMZ

Declaration of Independence

This was adopted in July 4, 1776

Forbidden City

This was an imperial city that contained hundreds of buildings, courtyards, and halls

Boxer Rebellion

This was an internal strife from 1899-1900 led by a group that sought to rid China of foreign influence caused by spheres of influence

Cordova Rebellion

This was an uprising instigated in and around Nacogdoches, Texas. He and other leaders supported the Texas Revolution as long as it espoused a return to the Constitution of 1824, but after independence was declared they sought to forcefully oppose the new Texas Republic with help from the Cherokee.

Peaceful Competition

This was articulated by Khrushchev in 1961 and symbolized the Cold War between capitalism and communism

Constantinople

This was the bastion of Christianity which later fell in 1453 to Muslim conquest

Battle of Gonzales

This was the site of the first conflict of the Texas Revolution

Nuremburg Trials

This was the trial in which Nazi war criminals were tried for crimes against humanity.

21 Demands

This would have given Japan economic and military control over China however the most controversial, Group 5, was dropped reducing these to 13

Criollos

Those born in New Spain who had longed for a greater say in local government, promoted a provisional government that supported deposed King Ferdinand

Electoral College

Those opposed to eliminating the _____ _____ normally site that if the election were determined strictly by popular vote the candidates would not pay attention to the voters and needs of small states.

Animism

Traditional African religious belief that lesser gods and spirits were associated with forces of nature

1763

Treaty of Paris signed (Becomes British land)

In the United States Bill of Rights, the Seventh Amendment ensures which of the following rights?

Trial by jury in civil cases

Juan Bautista de las Casas

Unseated Governor Manuel Salcedoe of Texas in January 22, 1811 during the Mexican War of Independence but was later captured by Zambrano an overthrown.

Mexican Land Grants

Upon its independence from Spain, Mexico offered these in an attempt to recruit colonists for Texas

Primary

Various candidates of the same political affiliation will actively campaign across the nation in states that have specific _____ dates prior before the general election.

Caesar

Was killed because of a loss of power and wealth and in an attempt to restore the Republic

The Fatah political party controls regions in which of the following areas? Sinai Peninsula. Gaza Strip. West Bank. Golan Heights.

West Bank.

Cortes

Within two years of his arrival he had conquered the Aztecs

Serfdom

Years of social unrest and demands to end this on moral grounds Czar Alexander abolished this in 1861

Mountains can affect

both short-term weather and long-term climates

Ocean currents and wind patterns

can change the climate for an area that lies in typically cold latitude, such as England, to a much more temperate climate.

1789

constitution in effect; Washington becomes president

Navigation Acts

designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect taxes in the Colonies

Effect on environment--damn building:

destroyed some fish spawning zones and has led to freshwater shortages for wildlife.

Manifest Destiny

doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

second continental congress , 1775

drafted DOI in Philadelphia, Penn

Plateaus/Mesas are

elevated, but flat on top. Some plateaus are extremely dry because surrounding mountains prevent them from receiving moisture

Sherman Antitrust Act

first federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices

McCarthyism

hunt for communist infiltrators in US during 40s and 50s

McCulloch v Maryland

in cases where fed and state gov. collided, federal government prevails

Cognitive development overview

learning is a never ending process that begins with conception and ends with death

Trading livestock and surplus agricultural output

led to the growth of large-scale commerce and trade routes

Hills are

lower elevation than mountains, at about 500-2,000 feet. Hills are usually more rounded, and are found everywhere on Earth.

Marshes and swamps

lowlands, but they are very wet and largely covered in vegetation such as reeds and rushes.

Behavior

motivation which directs behavior: physiological-hunger and thirst psychological-stress-need to belong or achieve

Townshend Act, 1767

taxed paper, paint, lead and tea

Convergent boundaries

the bordering plates move toward one another

The Federalists considered which of the following Articles of Confederation the main weakness to be rectified by the Constitution?

"All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States." (Article VIII)

Interdependent

(two or more people or things) dependent upon each other for survival. When humans anywhere modify the environment for their own use then others are ultimately affected.

Coinage Act

-1873 -goes to gold standard (silver get left behind) -leads to panick of 1873

Cultural regions of Europe

-English and French are common languages but others are spoken -Catholicism/Christianity branch offs -European union; socialism-mostly urban -High literacy rates & superior medical care

Cultural region of USA & Canada

-English is major language w/Spanish/French -Major religion is Christianity-Catholics dominate more in Canada and protestants more in the USA -Capitalist democracies -Adv technology, medical care, & majority of population lives in urban centers

Congress of Industrial Organization

-Formed during Pres. Roosevelt -organized workers in industrial union

Southern Advantages during CW

-defensive position -better military

Virginia House of Burgesses

-first legislative assembly in the colonies that had its members elected as representatives (1776)

Alien Act

-introduced by John Addams -increased number of years before one could obtain citizenship

Sedition Act

-introduced by John Addams -made it a crime to libel or slander any US officials or policies

Northern advantages during CW

-larger population -more money -better transportation -manufacturing, agriculture, and natural resources

Chief Joseph

-leader of New Perce -supported peaceful interactions with settlers -attempted to move tribe to Canada

stephen a douglas

-originated doctrine of popular sovereignty (power to the ppl) -created Kansas Nebraska Act

Red River Cession

-part of treaty with G. Britain in 1819 -gave US North and South Dakota and Minnesota

Jim Crow Laws

-passed in 1877 -segregates blacks and whites (until 1960s)

the american system

-proposed by Henry Clay -Money collected from tariffs would pay for roads and infrastructure

14 points

-proposed by Woodrow Wilson -5= general ideas -8=resolved territory/ political probs -14th established organ of nations to keep peace

Woodrow Wilson

-purchased Virgin Islands from Dutch -made 14 points -Idea of League of Nations

Valley Forge

-where troops were taken by Washington for winter -time of endurance and resolve, soldiers became more skillful

What is the prime meridian and where is it located?

0 degrees longitude and it runs through Greenwich, England

Which of the following Amendments deals specifically with balancing the powers of the state and federal governments?

10th

Reconstruction Amendments

13- ended slavery 14-every person born in US is citizen included slaves (1868- due process) 15- all free men have right to vote

constitution created

1787

constitution ratified

1788

Estates General

1789 Louis XVI summoned representatives of this to convince them of the necessity of raising taxes due to Frances debt from excessive domestic and foreign spending

Postmodernism in artistic endeavors has been around since when? 1950 1940 1990 1960

1960.

What amendment made poll taxes illegal?

24th

For the 5th-8th grade social studies classes, teachers introduce how many integrated science process skills?

3

How many different perspectives are used to study the philosophical foundations of social sciences?

3

3/5 compromise

3/5 of slaves would be counted to determine taxes and representation (1787)

Glasnost

A Gorbachev policy reform of openness

Perestroika

A Gorbachev policy reform of restructuring the economy

Which of the following was the response of British King George, III upon hearing the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill? Second Treatise on Government. The Committee of Five. The Resolution of Independence. A Proclamation of Rebellion.

A Proclamation of Rebellion

Fiscal Federalism

A current form of federalism is defined as the federal government providing monetary support to the states using grants as financial incentives to the states

Frederick Douglass

A former slave who wrote an autobiography gained support for abolishing slavery

Hammurabi's Code

A handful of provisions in _____ _____ address issues related to military service.

Creative Federalism

A result of the Great Society characterized by costs shared between national and state governments for programs the state pays for and was the precursor to fiscal federalism

Nagasaki

A second atom bomb was dropped here as a failure of the Japanese to surrender after the first atomic bomb

Socratic Method

A series of questions that was aimed at exposing ethics and morality through increasingly difficult questions.

Tokugawa Period

A series of seclusion acts were passed to ban missionary activities and religion since it was believed Christianity and guns would lead to instability

Cynthia Parker

A white Comanche captive taken at the age of nine who gave birth to Quannah Parker

Jim Hogg

AS governor he supported public schools and invested in teacher training scholarships

Which of the following does Sunni Islam consider to be the immediate successor to Muhammad?

Abu Bakr.

Natural Rights

According to Locke, _____ _____ are life, liberty and property and it is the governments purpose to protect these.

Constitution

Adopted in 1947 Japan instituted democratic reforms with the emperor retaining his title with no military or political power and a limited military

Strong and dramatic changes in a person's behavior falls into what category?

Affective disorder

Eddie Bernice Johnson

African American representative from Texas' 30th district, used her position of lawmaker to create a forum for fighting discrimination. She advocated for legislation meant to curb housing discrimination and investigations into unfair government contracts.

Emperor Meiji

After Japan ended its isolation he forced the resignation and abdication of the shogun Yoshinobu and set up a bicameral house similar to British model and instituted state sponsored industrialization

Salo

After Mussolini's sound defeat in the Tunisia Campaign and the Allied Invasion of Italy he was arrested, later freed by his German allies, and set up a puppet government here

Hiroshima

After a vague warning to Japan Truman dropped an atomic bomb here on August 6 1945

Pedro Garibay

After arresting many criollo leaders and shipping Iturrigaray back to Spain, he was made the new viceroy during New Spain's period of unrest with the Spanish Crown during the Napoleonic Wars.

21 Demands

After its finalization the US expressed deep concern with Japan's objection to the Open Door Policy and Britain no longer trusted the Japanese as a result of their bully diplomacy; China was still hostile towards Japan leading to a wide scale boycott of Japanese goods.

Aztecs Incas

After the conquest of these two tribes Spain established colonies in the New World

Juan N. Seguin

Alamo survivor. Spread the message "Remember the Alamo", which became a rallying cry for Texas independence.

Cleopatra

Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and placed the Ptolemy family on the throne. This leader was the last of the Ptolemy rulers.

Tools

All Native Americans were resourceful in constructing these

Popular Vote

All elections are determined by _____ _____ with the exception of the President and Vice President

4 year terms

All executive branch positions are limited to _____ year terms

Social Contract Theory

All individuals in society cede some rights for the sake of protection. Any power exercised by this authority can not be resisted because the protector's sovereign power derives from individuals' surrendering their own sovereign power for protection. This amounts to the _____ _____ _____ proposed by Hobbes.

Bubonic Plague

Also known as the Black Death this spread from China to Europe through fleas on rats which was spread through the silk road and Mongol campaigns

Great Compromise of 1787

Also known as the Connecticut Plan, this merged portions of the Virgina and New Jersey Plans thus creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house.

Ignacio Elizondo

Ambushed the insurgents during the Mexican War of Independence capturing many of their important leaders including Father Hidalgo.

Mandate System

An article in the League of Nations stated that colonies and territories needed assistance as they prepared for self government and more advanced nations would act as guides leading to this

Oveta Culp Hobby

An attorney and journalist who became the first secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. She was also the first commanding officer of the Women's Army Corp and chairperson of the board of the Houston Post.

1845

Annexation of Texas

Civil Rights

Another major era that led to increased federal authority was the _____ _____ era. The federal government stepped in to protect the rights of individuals when state governments failed to do so.

War Cold War War on Terrorism

Another reason for increased role of the federal government was the policies and systems put into place during _____. This includes an expanded military during the _____ _____ and currently with the _____.

Divine Rights of Monarchs

Any act of disobedience towards a king who ruled through _____ _____ _____ was considered disobedience towards God.

Constitutional Convention 3/4ths

Any amendments proposed by the _____ _____ would be sent to the states where _____ of the states must approve it before becoming official.

Cultural region of N. Africa/southwest Asia (Middle East)

Arabic language, islam religion, oil is a major factor in the area, lack of water, many countries in this area are led by absolute monarchs

WWI

As a result of the Russian Revolution they pulled out of this

Decolonization

As a result of this more than 90 colonies gained independence from the end of the war to 1980

Industrial Revolution

At first, machines were operated by wind and water but by the late 1700s the steam engine was powering machines and transportation

Decolonization

Because of this, new states struggled to maintain autonomy and develop self-determination in the shadow of the Cold War

Electoral College

Because the need to change the Constitution to remove the _____ _____ requires small states to agree, it is doubtful any change to this will occur.

Mountain barriers

Block many air currents and clouds that lead to dry desert like areas on the base of some mountains.

1773

Boston Tea Party

Aztecs and Incas

Both of these tribes had advanced agriculture

Aztecs and Incas

Both of these tribes had advanced trading networks

Aztecs and Incas

Both of these tribes had numerous craftsmen and merchants

Aztecs and Incas

Both of these tribes had writing systems, calendars, advanced mathematics, and medical advances

Beijing Legations

Boxers attacked these where all foreign ambassadors were quartered however foreign forces moved quickly to put down the rebellion

Brazil moved its capital in 1960 from Rio de Janeiro to what city? Brasilia. Brazil City. Santiago. Ecuadoria.

Brasilia.

500000

By 1968, the height of the Vietnam war, US troops reached

Persepolis

Capital of Persia this became the center of the Persian Empire

Cuzco

Capital of the Incas

Nationalized

Castro did this to industries throughout the country, as many businesses had been American owned, and initiated a series of aggressive land reforms

Urban Poor Landless Peasants

Castro gained much of his support from these two groups

A federal grant intended to finance programs aimed at helping low-income homeowners in various cities throughout the United States is most likely

Categorical grant

Enlightened Despot

Catherin the Great was also known as this for building schools, hospitals, tolerance of different religions, yet remained committed as an autocratic ruler.

General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was accidentally killed by his own troops at the Battle of: Antietam. Chancellorsville. Chickamauga. Shiloh.

Chancellorsville.

Carolingian Empire

Charlemagne ruled this empire quelling disputes between local leaders and reclaimed centralized imperial rule

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court establishing judicial review through Marbury v. Madison which is not explicit in the Constitution.

Which of the following best describes an operant conditioning theory of language acquisition?

Children learn to speak because they receive positive reinforcement such as hugs, smiles, and food when they imitate adult speech.

Cultural Revolution

China's elite to include intellectuals, educators, and professionals were primary targets of this because of their perceived bourgeoisie leanings and foreign sympathies

James Farmer

Civil rights leader, founded the 1961 Freedom Ride, which led to the desegregation of interstate transportation in the U.S. He also founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), who goal was to end segregation through nonviolence.

Mauryan Dynasty

Classical Indian dynasty that developed out of political void created by failed invasions of the Persians and was led by Maurya who unified India from the Indus to the Ganges. His death marked the end of this dynasty

Analects

Confucius' teachings were recorded in these which has had a dramatic impact on Chinese government and culture

According to TEA standards, a student who has completed 8th grade social studies must be able to discuss the impact of the Great Compromise. All but which of the following were outcomes of this compromise?

Creation of the Supreme Court.

Sometimes a country's boundaries are determined by a natural geographical feature like a mountain range, ocean or river. Which river forms part of the border between Namibia and Angola? Cunene Congo Orange Nile

Cunene

1776

DOI Signed

Battle of Marathon

Darius put down revolts in the cities but lost to the Athenian army at this battle.

General Joaquin de Arredondo

Defeated the rebels at the Battle of Medina.

Santa Anna

Deposed the centrist government in Mexico City and eliminated provisions in the law of April 6, 1830 that restricted immigration into Texas. General during the Mexican and Texas Revolution.

Climate considerations

Determines: -which plants and animals survive in the area -what types of shelter humans build -how water sources are obtained for survival ** Location of water is the MOST important aspect of human settlement**

New Federalism

Developed by Nixon and implemented by Reagan and Bush the federal government gave states more power by decentralizing federal government services and programs resulting in a downsizing of federal government

Hammurabi's Code

Developed by the Babylonians, this relied on the lex talionis for of punishment and social standing where upper classes were favored

Standard of living

Developed countries are said to have a "high standard" of living whereas developing countries are said to have "low standards" of living

What best describes the functions of the executive branch in the ancient Roman Republic?

Dictators were absolute rulers of the government during times of military crisis and served limited terms.

Textbook

Different resources are challenging, relevant and age appropriate. The _____ is only one of many resources.

According to TEA standards, students who have completed sociology courses must be able to do all but which of the following? Discuss the different life stages all humans go through. Discuss the relation of socioeconomic status and cultural norms. Evaluate foreign policy interventions. Discuss the role of the juvenile justice system.

Discuss the role of the juvenile justice system.

Sepoy Rebellion

Due to the insult of pig and cow fat on gun carriages a revolt broke out however the British quickly put it down and took direct political control of India

Expanding its petroleum-refining industry to produce more fuel.

During World War II, Texas became instrumental in the war effort by

Mughal Empire

During this empire they were responsible for the golden age of Islamic art and architecture as evidenced of the Taj Mahal

Neolithic Revolution

During this era village life encouraged specialized labor, everyone was no longer dedicated to food production leading to pottery, metallurgy, and textiles.

Convention of 1836

During this event, Texas declared its independence from Mexico and appointed Sam Houston as the major general of the Texas Army.

November 1989

During this time the Berlin Wall was opened allowing people to travel freely from east to west with the rest of it being torn down symbolizing the end of the Cold War

Dictator

During times of civil or military crisis a _____ was appointed wit absolute power for a six month term to restore peace

3

Each state is guaranteed to have _____ electoral votes since each state has at least two senators and one representative

Dual Layer Cake Federalism

Earliest form of federalism, which is a narrow relationship between state and federal governments with powers that are enumerated in the Constitution for the federal government and powers that are reserved for states

Japan

Earliest inhabitants were nomadic peoples from northeastern Asia that was an agricultural society inspired by China

Marshall Plan

Economic aid to European countries after WW2 and prevented spread of communism

Book of the Dead

Egypt established a polytheistic religion based on life after death using this book.

What woman married Louis VII of France and Henry II of England?

Eleanor of Aquitaine

1863

Emancipation Proclamation Signed -all slaves should be free

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan he surrendered on August 15 1945 and the subsequent US occupation of Japan

Justinian

Emperor of the Byzantine Empire who helped push great public works such as the Hagia Sophia

What law was passed that enabled Hitler to take control of the nation of Germany? Sedition Act. Power Act. Fuhrer Act. Enabling Act.

Enabling Act.

Sweatt v. Painter

Ended segregation on UTs campus which helped serve as precedent for Brown v. Board of Education

Haitian Revolution

Even without Toussaint-Louverture the rebellion continued after his death and in 1804 it declared its independence

10 reapportioned

Every _____ years trough the Census, the seats of the House are _____ with states that have more in population receiving more seats in the House

Fall of the Carolingian Empire

External pressures from Muslims, Magyars and Vikings and the bickering of Louis the Pius' sons over their inheritance caused the _____ _____ _____ _____.

The first national legislation that effectively regulated child labor in the United States was:

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Zheng He

Falling victim to distrust from the Ming government he was stripped of funds which were used to shore up defenses against Mongol invasion

Goliad Massacre

Fannin surrendered here, hoping the army would be treated as honorable prisoners of war. However, Santa Anna had the entire Goliad army executed on March 1836 despite reassurances of eventual release.

Chinampas

Farming system involving mud from the lake floor formed into small plots of land that floated in the lake

Muslim League

Fearful that Hindus did not have their best interests at heart the broke away and formed this but joined with the INC and formed a mass movement for self rule

Article Six of the U.S. Constitution addresses which of the following? Federal power. Ratification. Judicial power. Process of amendments.

Federal power.

Civil War

Few battles took place in Texas during this time as most were confined along the coastal waters

"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury...nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." The quote above is from which of the following Amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

Fifth Amendment

Two clauses—"the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances"—are found in which of the following Amendments to the United States Bill of Rights?

First Amendment

Henry B. Gonzales

First Mexican American representative elected from Texas in 1961. Chaired the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations that investigated the deaths of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. Heintroduced legislation calling for the impeachment of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. He also blocked hearings into Whitewater until finally agreeing to hold hearings in 1994. He was an outspoken critic of the Federal Reserve System and in 1993 proposed an audit of the central bank.

Ann Richards

First woman elected Governor of Texas in her own right

The fortunes of individuals, whether possessed by acquisition or by descent or in virtue of a participation in the goods of some community, were no part of the creditor's security, expressed or implied...[T]he public, whether represented by a monarch or by a senate, can pledge nothing but the public estate; and it can have no public estate except in what it derives from a just and proportioned imposition upon the citizens at large." The ideas expressed by Edmund Burke in the quote above from his Reflections on the Revolution in France, are referring to which of the following? Fiscal conservatism. Socialism. Communism. Liberalism.

Fiscal conservatism

Aggressive Industrialization

Following US occupation of Japan their resources were committed to a course of this making Japan a world super economic power

Directory

Following the Committee on Public Safety a new constitution was drawn up effectively ending its phase of the Revolution and established this to lead the French Government

Edmund Davis

Following the Election of 1868 under the new constitution he was elected first Governor of Texas

Augustus

Following the defeat of Mark Anthony his rule brought about pax romana allowing the Roman Empire to experience a golden age

Vietnam

Following the defeat of the French in the south the US intervened here with military involvement increasing under Ike, JFK, LBJ

Silk Road

Following the fall of the Han and Roman Empires this was revived through Pax Mongolica, Tang and Song Dynasties.

Sepoy Rebellion

Following this event the British government took control of trade and replaced the Mughals as the ruling authority in India in 1857

Continental Congress

Formed in 1774 this was formed to oversee ant-British actions

Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association

Formed in 1877 to deal with problems facing the cattle industry.

Martin Luther

Forwarded the belief that faith in God alone would allow people into heaven and that no authority on Earth could pardon people for their sins with the Bible as the only source or religious truth

Libya currently obtains most of its fresh water from which of the following sources? Surface water. Fossil water. Shallow groundwater. Desalinized sea water.

Fossil water.

Supremacy Clause

Found in Article 6 which establishes that the Constitution is the law of the land

Elastic Clause

Found in Article I Section 8 of the Constitution this gives Congress an implied power to make all laws, expands it powers, and makes the Constitution that changes with the times

1754-1763 (also known as 7 Years War )

French and Indian War Vs. British Colonists -based on disputes of Pitt., Pennsylvania

When the U.S. Constitution was in the process of securing ratification, "pro" and "anti" forces argued in a public debate. The pro-Constitution defenders were aided by some popular statesmen who also had served in the Constitutional Congress. Who were they?

George Washington and Ben Franklin

Belgium

Germany invaded this country first and, due to alliances, Britain declared war on Germany with WWI well under way.

1939

Germany invades Poland; WW2 begins

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

Germany violated this agreement by invading the Soviet Union quickly taking control of the Soviet spheres of influence in the Baltic countries and eastern Europe

Totalitarian State

Germany was considered this allowing only one party, using fear and terror to silence opposition, and nationalizing business

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made this alliance also known as the Central Powers

Early explorers of the New World were brave. Several came from Spain. Which explorer landed in Newfoundland and claimed North America for the English? Francisco Pizarro Giovanni Caboto John Stuart Ferdinand Magellan

Giovanni Caboto, or John Cabot

Trans Saharan Trade

Gold, slaves, and ivory from the south were exchanged for cloth, horses, salt and wares from the north using this.

Quipu

Goverment used this as a way to keep records

Segmentary Societies

Govern through kinship and family

Quipu

Government officials used a variety of cords in different colors and lengths to keep track of population, taxes, property owed to government

Charlemagne

Grandson of Charles Martel, he amassed a kingdom that included parts of France and Germany

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote

From which of the following ancient languages does the modern-day English language borrow heavily? Greek Trojan Chinese Phoenician

Greek.

Constantine

He accepted Christianity and relocated the capital of Rome to Constantinople becasue of the richness of the Mediterranean and a new beginning of Rome

Temujin

He accrued power by allying several clans and brought the Mongol tribes under a single confederation and was proclaimed Ghengis Khan

James Throckmorton

He and other officials were removed from office when Texas failed to ratify the 13th Amendment outlawing slavery.

When Franklin Roosevelt wanted to expand the armed forces personnel, what did he need to do? He asked Congress to pass a military draft. He authorized a military draft. He ordered the Navy to attack German submarines. He called for the drafting of 800,000 reservists.

He asked Congress to pass a military draft.

Gandhi

He attended law school in London later working in South Africa working with the Indian population in their struggle against racial inequality laying the foundation of his efforts in India

Gandhi

He became a popular leader and with the support of an extensive portion of the population made the non cooperation and the civil disobedience movements successful

Plato

He believed that everything was based on ideal forms or ideals. Definitions were not absolute because virtue, honesty, courage truth and beauty all meant different things in different situations

In 1700, a New England judge named Samuel Sewall published a tract called, "The Selling of Joseph." What was the subject of this pamphlet? He opposed the taxes of the British. He opposed the selling of weapons to the Indians. He called for the abolition of slavery. He was supporting the selling of weapons to the Indians.

He called for the abolition of slavery.

John Jay

He coauthored the Federalist Papers along with Hamilton and Madison

Qaddafi

He gained power in Libya as the result of a coup in 1969 with a government he put in place based on Islamic principles supporting revolutionary groups and their activities to include downing a 747 over Lockerbe

Richard Coke

He succeeded Edmund Davis as governor in an election that was marked by irregularities

Hugh Capet

He succeeded the Carolingians in France with his descendants consolidating and expanding thier feudal monarchy.

Suleyman the Magnificent

He was a sultan of the Ottoman Empire responsible for expanding it into southern Europe, modernizing the army and known for religious tolerance.

Sun Yat-sen

He was a western educated reformer who led the Chinese Revolution

Zheng He

He was an Islamic eunuch admiral who led seven exploratory voyages for Ming

Wudi

He was an emperor during the Han Dynasty who established the university system based on Confucianism

Socrates

He was charged with immorality and sentenced to death

Otto of Saxony

He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor for reestablishing Christian authority in the region after invading Italy in the name of peace and the church.

Martin Luther

He was excommunicated from the Catholic Church but his ideas spread across northern Europe due to the printing press

Cleto Rodriguez

He won the Medal of Honor during World War II for his actions to take Paco Railroad Station while fighting against the Japanese who were reinforcing pill boxes and enabled his platoon to advance days later when he single-handedly killed 6 Japanese soldiers and destroyed a well placed 20-mm gun

Jose de San Martin

He worked with Simon Bolivar gaining independence for Argentina and Chile

"America" was named after Amerigo Vespucci. Why?

He wrote about his trips in a book called "New World."

John Locke

He wrote the Two Treatises of Government stating that man had certain natural rights: life, liberty, and property. These were later borrowed by Jefferson and appear in the Declaration if Independence.

Paris Peace Conference

Here 5 treaties were negotiated with the most significant being the Treaty of Versailles

Vedas

Hindus used these to form the caste system, and were the primary texts of Hinduism

Czar Nicholas II

His abdication of the Russian throne was the result of decades of political, social, and economic unrest exacerbated by Russia's involvement of World War I

Primary

Historically, New Hampshire, Iowa and South Carolina have been the battleground states during the _____ as they are the first states to engage in this process. Recently other states have attempted to front-load their _____ dates as a way to show their importance in the election process and to be fairly represented since a candidate that a state favors may have been mathematically eliminated from victory when a state's _____ date arrives.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's book outlined his political views, antisemitic views, and became popular among Germany's Nazis.

Social Contract Theory

Hobbes claimed that man was born in a state of nature that would lead to destruction if a force, or government, did not act to restrain man. In exchange for the end of anarchy man should submit totally to the power of the monarch.

Hominids

Human-like creatures called primates that were bi-peds, sizable brains and a larynx

Climate effects on humans

Humans either adapted to their native climate or have settled in areas where it is more hospitable

Neolithic Revolution

Humans settled in areas where the environment provided for water a nurturing climate and useful flora and fauna (plants and animals).

Cultural Diffusion

Ideas, religions, inventions, and other aspects of one's group culture spreading to other groups through contact-including the spread of: -Catholicism and other religions, democratic ideals, the industrial revolution, and the Phoenician alphabet

Problem Solving Process

Identifying a problem, gathering information, list and consider options, advantages, disadvantages, implementing solutions and evaluating the effectiveness of solutions is part of the _____ _____.

Texas Constitutional Convention

In 1868 an election was held to determine delegates for this

Paris Peace Accords

In 1973 the US phase of the Vietnam War ended with this however after two years the agreements were thrown out and the North Vietnamese and NLF waged war with South Vietnam unifying the country in 1976

War Powers Resolution

In 1973, Congress passed this in response to the Gulf of Tonkin under Johnson, the Vietnam War and its spread into Laos and Cambodia to limit the ability of the president to send troops into combat without the consent of Congress.

Daisy Ad

In Your Heart You Know He Is Wrong, this political ad changed the dynamics of modern elections during the Goldwater/Johnson presidential campaign using a negative perspective to help in an election.

Alliances

In a bid to maintain the balance of power many nations in Europe entered into these for protection

Peter the Great

In an attempt to modernize the empire he traveled West and brought beck new ideas about science and technology and sent Russians abroad to learn about military and industrial techniques

Emperor of the French

In being persuaded to accept this Napoleon provided that the power come from the people not by divine right. The French Senate passed a bill introducing the French Empire and in 1804 he crowned himself this establishing the Empire.

Coup d'etat

In mid 1991 this occurred with communist hardliners and was followed by Gorbachev's resignation

Technology

In the 20th and 21st century Texas moved away from agriculture to this

Reincarnated

In the Hindu religion a person is ________ into their caste system on the basis of behavior

Aristocratic Women

In the Japanese household they managed their affairs

Millet System

In the Ottoman Empire these were legally protected religious communities of non-Muslims

Social Science Disciplines

In the study of social studies knowledge of other _____ _____ _____ is vital; say for example if one were to study World War I, the importance of understanding the relationship between other European nations, nationalism and so forth is important to understand the events leading up to, during and after the war.

English Bill of Rights

In the wake of the Glorious Revolution this was a restatement of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William and Mary

McCulloch v. Maryland

In this decision the Supreme Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government which was prompted by a state that imposed taxes on a federal bank.

Manorialism

In this economic system in Europe, serfs were tied to the land producing most of the goods.

Primary

In this election process, various candidates compete to represent a specific political party in the general election.

Indian National Congress

Initially this was a forum to express concerns to colonial officials on taxes and other areas but it later called for Indian self rule

Socialism

Inspired by Marx this principle would follow after a struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat where the proletariat would gain power and create a classless society

Doomsday Book

Instituted by William of Normandy, this was a census that was used to determine taxes.

At the time of the European arrival in North America, which of the following inhabited what is now southern Canada and the northeastern United States? Inuit. Anasazi. Kwakiutl. Iroquois.

Iroquois

Migrations

Islam took a hold of India through this from invasions of Turkish-speaking people from central Asia

The epigraphically inlaid crown of a tall minaret rises above the carved brick portal and blue-tiled fluted dome of the Tomb of the King in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Called Gur-e Amir in Persian, the tomb houses the remains of Tamerlane and his descendants. The Gur-e Amir is most likely constructed according to the artistic canons of which of the following architectural styles? Buddhist Christian Hindu Islamic

Islamic

Which of the following changes was brought about by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

It became illegal for hotels and restaurants to exclude people based on race or ethnicity.

According to TEA standards, students who have completed a 9th grade history course must be able to discuss the significance of several key court decisions. Among these is Tinker v Des Moines. Which of the following is the significance of this decision? It forbade the segregation of schools based on race. It established the doctrine of separate but equal, paving the way for racial segregation. It awarded American citizenship to all Native Americans. It established freedom of speech in public schools as long as the speech is not disruptive.

It established freedom of speech in public schools as long as the speech is not disruptive.

According to TEA standards, a student who has completed 9th grade social studies must be able to discuss the significance of several Supreme Court decisions. One of these is Hernandez v Texas. What is the significance of this decision?

It established that all racial groups were entitled to equal protection under the 14th Amendment.

Assessment

It is a good idea to pretest through ______ to help students demonstrate what they already know about a topic and the skills they possess.

Daoism

Its central concept is the way of nature or the cosmos

Feudalism

Its decline was noted following the Crusades

Legislative Branch

Its primary purpose is to pass laws and budgets but may also override the Executive veto by a 2/3rds majority, propose Amendments to the Constitution, approve executive appointments, declare war, and in the event of a presidential electoral tie (though this would be difficult because of the electoral college) it would select the president. This branch may also impeach the president with a 2/3rds majority through Articles of Impeachment

Legalism

Its strength lies in its agriculture and military with these two areas in the highest of demand

1960

JFK elected (through 1963)

During which president's run for office was the term Democrat first applied?

Jackson.

Rape of Nanking

Japanese troops fueled by racial superiority, fervor of war and nationalism unleashed an attack here where over two months they murdered unarmed soldiers, and civilians and raped 7000 women with an estimated 400000 dying by bayonet or machine gunned into open pits

What is the largest of the English Channel Islands?

Jersey.

Your government is overthrown by a military coup. Now a group of military leaders are ruling. What type of government is this?

Junta

Effect on environment-loss of species

Just one loss places and entire ecosystem in danger as some creatures loose their natural predators and some their natural prey putting things out of balance--which ultimate affect humans in the long run

Which of the following is BEST defined by the proper ordering of things and persons within a society? Authority. Legitimacy. Justice. Liberty.

Justice

Paleolithic Age

Known as the Old Stone Age hominids refined tools and inhabited all continents except Antarctica.

Bhagavad Gita

Known as the Song of the Lord it is a brief poem that outlines Hindi expectations and the path to salvation, or moksha.

Quannah Parker

Last Comanche Chief

Mexican American War

Lasted from May 1846 until March 1848. Once war was declared, American forces quickly took control of New Mexico, California, and eventually Mexico City. After the conquest of the Mexican capital, the U.S. and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 1848. It was ratified by congress on March 10.

Han Dynasty

Later they seperated to Luoyang however the issue of inequitable land distribution led to disorder and internal weakness from peasant factions leading to its downfall

Judicial Review

Legislative and executive actions are subject to review in a court of law.

Who was king during the French Revolution

Louis XVI

1803

Louisiana Purchase -US doubles in size -Sacajawea went on expedition with Lewis and Clark

You sailed west from Spain in 1519. You intend to sail to the Spice Islands near Indonesia, but you end up sailing around the world. Who are you?

Magellan

Who took the power of the Soviet Government after the death of Stalin?

Malenkov

Qing Dynasty

Manchus from the north, non-Han peoples, invaded China and claimed the Mandate of Heaven ruling until 1911

Southern Colonies (5)

Maryland Virginia N. Carolina S. Carolina Georgia

Petrograd Soviet

Meaning Revolutionary Council gained increasing influence across the nation as the provisional government of Russia struggled to maintain power

Olmecs

Meaning rubber people, they are best known for their enormous stone heads in Central America

Junzi

Meaning superior individuals this was to promote good government with people who were well educated and conscientious providing perspectives through many angles.

Dar al-Islam

Meaning the house of Islam

Book of Songs

Most writings of this dynasty were lost however this book was preserved early Zhou literature.

Mecca

Muhammad journeyed here which became a symbolic starting point of the official Islamic calendar and a religious pilgrimage for followers of Islam

The term affirmative action describes many policies intended to promote access to education or employment for historically and socio-political non-dominant groups. Based on the definition above, affirmative action is an attempt to institute what

Multi-cultural diversity

Caesar

Named himself dictator of the Roman Empire for life and sought to build a sense of community in Rome after the civil war.

100 Days

Napoleon escaped exile from Elba and returned to Paris to govern during this

Elba

Napoleon was forced into exile here upon returning from his defeat in Russia

French Consulate

Napoleon was named head of the provisional consul and was the First Consul of this following which he was permitted to serve for 10 years

Emperor of the French

Napoleon was named this because of attempts on his life and the concern of not having a successor that the Republic would collapse

Dual federalism refers to what? National and state laws being separate. National and state laws being one. Two sets of rules based upon location. One set of rules made of two parts.

National and state laws being separate

Hammurabi's Code

Nearly one half of ______ _____ deals with matters of contract such as the amount of wages to be paid for a service. Other provisions include terms for transactions such as liability.

France's permanent settlements in N. America

New Orleans and Montreal

Middle Colonies(4)

New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

Council of Trent

New religious orders were founded and dedicated to the doctrines of the Catholic Church during this

Western Europe

New strong nations with centralized authority emerged here following the feudal period

What type of government is ruled by the aristocracy?

Oligarchy

Personality

One of many factors determining behavior: -biological, sociological, intellectual, and hereditary -two most common types: extrovert and introvert

Nara

One of the earliest cities in Japan it was modeled as a replica of Chang'an in China

Kennedy Nixon debate

One of the first televised debates in America with a far reaching audience, the public had a negative opinion of one of the candidates because he appeared with a five o'clock shadow and was sweating during the debate which helped swing voters

Irrigation

One of the most important ways that both Native Americans and Spanish settlers altered the geographic landscape of Texas.

King Hammurabi

One of the oldest known kings who is best known for his code of laws and was the first known king to codify and publish all his laws for all citizens to see.

Hammurabi's Code

Only one provision appears in _____ _____ to impose obligations on an official which establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently.

15th Amendment

Originally few people in the US could actually vote with suffrage limited to property owning white men and the wealthy. As an example of the expansion of the democratic process when the _____ _____ was supposed to guarantee the right to vote to African American men over the age of 21 thereby expanding the electorate.

Electoral College

Originally the framers of the Constitution did not trust the masses to make sound decisions and set up the _____ _____

Romans

Originally they were an aristocratic republic which had replaced the monarchy that gave executive duties to the consul and the Senate elected by citizens

Bill of Rights

Originally this only applied to laws passed by the federal government but as a result of the Supreme Court it is now applied to states through selective incorporation

Goliad and Nacgdoches

Other well known Spanish missions set up in Texas were known as these

Soil

Part of the Lithosphere

Which of the following is considered one of the most important methods of data collection for anthropologists? Quasi-empirical method. Field experiment. Quantitative method. Participant-observation.

Participant-observation.

Cortes

Partly responsible for the destruction of the Aztecs by leaving his deputy Alvarado behind after leaving to fight his captors from Cuba.

What uprising in Pennsylvania led to strained relationships between the Native Americans and the frontiersmen?

Paxton Boys Uprising

Pax Romana

Period of Roman peace that lasted for two and a half centuries

Pax Mongolica

Period of peace between the Mongols and Europeans influenced by the reestablishment of the Silk Road

Hellenistic Age

Period of reign under Alexander

General Colonization Law of 1824

Permitted any head of household to claim land in Mexico regardless of race or immigration status.

In 1700, this city was the second most important in the colonies. Which city was it and why?

Philadelphia due to religious tolerance

You are an explorer. You want a good map to prepare for the types of land and waterways that you will be exploring. What type of map will you prefer?

Physical

What type of map depicts human-made boundaries and divisions?

Political

Cultural Diffusion

Population movement where people spread their cultures to new areas to include innovations, technology, religion, language, food, clothing styles, and disease.

Popular Sovereignty

Power comes from the people (in this case it is for government, not its connection to slavery through Johnson or Cass)

Federalism

Power is shared by state governments and the federal government

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Priest that denounced the ruling class in 1810, which began the Revolution. In addition to restricting economic activities in Mexico, Spanish mercantile practices caused misery for the native peoples. A drought in 1807-1808 caused a famine in the Dolores area, and, rather than releasing stored grain to market, Spanish merchants chose instead to block its release, speculating on yet higher prices. Hidalgo lobbied against these practices and soon took to preaching against this garnering large support and followers. He marched across Mexico and gathered an army of nearly 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians who attacked and killed both Spanish Peninsulares and Criollo elites, even though Hidalgo's troops lacked training and were poorly armed. These troops ran into a clan of 6,000 well trained and armed Spanish troops, and most fled or were killed at the Battle of Calderón Bridge on 17 January 1811, Hidalgo was executed by a firing squad on 30 July 1811 at Chihuahua, Chihuahua.

Toltecs

Problems between different ethnic group sand emerging nomadic tribes from Northwestern Mexico destroyed them

Guerrero Decree

Prohibited slavery in Mexico. Inhabitants of Texas vehemently denounced this law, and Guerrero quickly succumbed to pressure excluding Texas from the decree.

The Council House Fight

Quarrel between Texas peace delegates and the Comanches. On March 1840 these two groups met in order to establish peace after two years of conflict. The Comanches wanted Texas to officially recognize their homeland Comancheria whereas Texans wanted prisoners of war to be released. The meeting ended in violence when shots were fired killing twelve Comanches. Any change of peace between these two groups ended, resulting in years of warfare and turmoil.

In 1774, the British Parliament passed a series of acts collectively known as the "Intolerable Acts". The Intolerable Acts did all of the following, EXCEPT: Enlarge the territory of Quebec. Raise the tax on tea. Close the port of Boston. Forbid unauthorized public meetings.

Raise taxes on tea.

Gulf Coast

Reaches from the Gulf of Mexico to the Balconies Fault and Eastern Cross Timbers inland.

A successful social studies teacher knows how to do which of the following? Relate philosophical assumptions to their personal lives. Relate philosophical assumptions to their student's personal lives. Relate philosophical assumptions to issues in the social sciences. Relate philosophical assumptions to all school taught subjects.

Relate philosophical assumptions to issues in the social sciences.

New Deal Legislation

Relief (job creation) Recovery (stimulating economy) Reform (social/economic change through legislation)

Shinto

Religious belief of Japan that was fused with Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism

The Quartering Act, 1765

Required colonists to provide accommodations and supplies for British troops

Amending the Constitution

Requires either a 2/3rds vote in Congress with a 3/4 approval from state legislatures or constitutional convention by 2/3rds states with 3/4 of states approving

5 Year Plan

Result were mixed on the success of this but over the course of Stalin's leadership the Soviet Union was transformed into a leading industrialized nation

Which of the following forms of justice is based on the concept that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction? Distributive. Retributive. Utilitarian. Restorative.

Retributive

The Ninth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States implies that:

Rights not enumerated by the Bill of Rights are retained by the people.

Zhou Dynasty

Rule was by proclamation, they allied with Shang adopting customs and culture and later overthrew the Shang king.

What type of writing was used by Germanic people of Northern Europe during the 3rd to 17th century?

Runic

Ivan the Terrible

Russian czar who continued to expand the empire to consolidate the czar's absolute authority

First state to secede from the union

S. Carolina

1861

SC attacked military Garrison and that starts CW

Massacre in the Great Temple

Scene of the destruction of the Aztecs at the hands of Cortes deputy that was sparked at the celebration of the Smoking Mirror God

Which of the following disorders is MOST often characterized by major distortions of reality

Schizophrenia

If a social studies teacher uses a written discussion about an original legal document, the teacher is using what type of source? Biased source. Secondary source. Motive source. Primary source.

Secondary source

George Washington

Served as the first president of the US setting the precedent not accepting a royal title and serving only two terms

Miriam Ma Ferguson

She served twice as Governor of Texas

Henrietta King

She was a major figure in the ranching industry

Goode's interrupted equal-area projection

Sizes and shapes are accurate, but distances are not. This projection basically represents a globe that has been cut in a way that allows it to lie flat.

Cultural region of Russia and the former Soviet Union

Slavic languages, and Russian Eastern Orthodox Christianity some muslims and jews; communists dictatorships; education was required that contributed to high literacy rates

The Nazi Holocaust, anti-miscegenation laws in the American South, and eugenics laws in Japan were all justified on the basis of which of the following ideologies?

Social Darwinism.

Westernization

Some regions responded to this by isolating themselves as was the case in Japan

Spark

Sometimes referred to this for starting WWI, it was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by a Serbian nationalist who belonged to the Black Hand

Media

Sometimes this is known as the Fourth Branch of government

During the reigns of which of the following dynasties did footbinding become extremely popular? Han Dynasty. T'ang Dynasty. Song Dynasty. Ming Dynasty.

Song Dynasty

Farmer's Alliance

Sought to pursue farmers to practice cooperative farming using credit rather than cash.

A social studies teacher is working with her students as they learn the seven major continents and their relative locations. Which of the following skills is she helping them build? Regional context. Regional measurement. Spatial organization. Basic orientation.

Spatial organization.

Great Depression

Speculation that stocks were being overvalued led to this which became a global issue as banks in the US and Europe closed and millions forced into bankruptcy

Christianity

Spread by Charlamagne, Franks, and Italy this was the accepted religion of most of western Europe

What country, formerly known as Ceylon, was devastated by the tsunami in 2004?

Sri Lanka

5 Year Plan

Stalin was responsible for replacing the New Economic Policy of Russia with this that was aimed at transforming the USSR from agrarian economy to a modern industrialized nation.

Leading Indicators

Stock market returns are _____ _____ as it shows a decline before the economy as a whole declines or it shows improvement before the economy recovers.

Jane McCallum

Suffragist leader and Texas secretary of stater Daniel J. Moody appointed her secretary of state in January 1927, and she retained the position under Governor Ross Sterling from 1931 to 1933; she was thus the only person in Texas to hold the position under two governors and for more than two terms. Shortly after assuming office in 1927, she discovered in a vault in the state Capitol an original copy of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

Casas Revolt

Swung the Mexican War of Independence back in favor of the rebels when Governor Manuel Antonio Cordero y Bustamante had 700 troops defect in January 1811 after being confronted by 7,000 rebel troops in Coahila.

Treaty of Portsmouth

TR mediated this in New Hampshire and as a result of Bloody Sunday Tsar Nicholas II agreed to peace with Russia recognizing Korea as part of the Japanese sphere of influence, evacuating Manchuria, giving up its lease to Japan for Port Arthur, and ceding the southern half of the Sakhalin Island to Japan.

LuLu Belle Madison White

Teacher and civil rights activist with the NAACP famously involved with the Sweatt v. Painter Supreme Court case to end segregation at UT.

Primary Secondary

Teachers should use numerous _____ and _____ sources to present information that is stimulating and interesting that helps form main ideas of class instruction.

Goliad Campaign of 1835

Texans defeated Mexican forces during this campaign in the Texas Revolution. The victory not only provided the rebel Texans with valuable weapons but cut off the Mexican army from the gulf, which prevented them from rearming.

2 years

Texas State Representatives may serve how may years before seeking re-election?

4 years

Texas State Senators may serve how may years before seeking re-election?

Compromise of 1850

Texas gave up large sections of land for $10 million from the US which used in this major piece of legislation attempting to settle new territories and slavery

Closed primary

Texas utilizes a ________ which means voters must chose which party's primary they are going to vote in before voting

March 30 1870

Texas was readmitted into the Union on this date when they ratified these amendments thus ending reconstruction in Texas

Which of the following was NOT part of the Treaty of Holston in 1791 between the Cherokee Nation and the United States?

That all Cherokee land would be ceded to the United States.

Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet have been commissioned by the governor of New France to map the western territories. What important discovery did they make on their trip?

That the Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico.

Which of the following Coercive Acts did George Washington refer to as the "Murder Act"? It is one of the measures (variously called the Intolerable Acts, the Punitive Acts or the Coercive Acts by those whose political agenda ran contrary to Parliament's) that were designed to secure Britain's jurisdiction over the American dominions. These Acts included the Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, and the Quartering Act.

The Administration of Justice Act.

George Washington was called an "isolationist" because he opposed going to war with foreign powers. In 1940, aviator Charles Lindbergh led rallies for isolationism. Why was the country attracted to this policy? The country was in an economic boom because of the war in Europe. The President promised aide to England in the European theater of war. The American people were still suffering the effects of the Great Depression. The German "Blitzkrieg" threatened the U.S. coastline.

The American people were still suffering the effects of the Great Depression.

Cannibal Kingdom

The Aztecs were known as this for their widespread practice of human sacrifice

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

The Bolsheviks renamed Russia this becoming the worlds first communist nation

The Continental Army was not doing well during the fighting of 1776. They settled into a winter encampment in Valley Forge. They suffered a winter of starvation and cold. Why? The British held Philadelphia. The British kept attacking them. George Washington was campaigning in New York with half the army. The troops were supposed to have camped in Trenton but the river was frozen.

The British held Philadelphia.

Battle of Galveston

The Confederate Army recaptured this from Union forces under the command of John Magruder.

Abraham Lincoln emancipated the slaves during the Civil War. After the war, some were still in slavery. Why was this so?

The Constitution still permitted slavery.

High Middle Ages

The Crusades led to this as demand rose for new goods, increased trade, and people moving from manors to towns and cities.

Slavery existed in America for centuries. Who were the first to transport African slaves to Virginia? The Dutch The English The French The Spanish

The Dutch.

Saint Domingue

The French colony of this was the first colony in Latin America to gain its independence

Executive Branch

The General Land Office is part of this branch in Texas government

Executive Branch

The Governor is part of this branch in Texas government

Special session

The Governor of Texas may call this when deemed necessary

435

The House of Representatives is composed of _____ members.

Lake Titicaca

The Incan Empire was established around this site using military conquest in modern day Peru

Machu Pichu

The Incas built this monumental citadel just northwest of Cuzco

Which of the following is FALSE about the Louisiana Purchase? It was an important event in the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson. The Federalists opposed the Purchase. The tributaries of the Mississippi were held as the eastern boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase. The Oklahoma Panhandle was included in the Louisiana Purchase.

The Oklahoma Panhandle was included in the Louisiana Purchase.

The event that consolidated Spartan hegemony over the southern Balkan peninsula and instigated a period of widespread civil wars was: The Peace of Nicias. The Siege of Sestos. The Fall of Troy. The Siege of Helicarnassus.

The Peace of Nicias.

4

The President of the US serves for ____ years

Counter Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church established this in response to the Protestant Reformation

100

The Senate is made up of _____ members with each state selecting two senators through popular vote thanks to the 17th Amendment

Strands

The Social Studies TEKS is divided into ______.

War Powers Resolution 60 30

The _____ _____ _____ requires the President to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action and forbids them from remaining for more than _____ days with a further _____ day withdrawal period without an authorization of the use of military force or a declaration of war.

Electoral Votes

The _____ _____ are equal to the number of representatives and senators each state has

Trench Warfare

The advent of artillery and machine guns preventing a charge onto the battlefield led to this technique which resulted in an essential stalemate for the majority of WWI.

On a compass rose, the four directions north, south, east and west are called: The prime directions The major directions The cardinal directions The intercardinal directions

The cardinal directions.

Russia

The center of Orthodox Christianity shifts from Constantinople to here and becomes the Eastern Orthodox Church

Berlin Wall

The construction of this to reinforce the border between east and west Berlin became the visible symbol of the Iron Curtain and the Cold War

NATO

The creation of this created during peacetime increased tensions between the US and USSR

Agriculture

The deliberate tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber.

What do lines of longitude determine?

The distance east west of the prime meridian

Great Depression

The drastic slowdown in economic activity led to tremendous instability with nations that were already unstable with new political identities extreme forms of government emerged as a result of this.

The most voluminous river in the world empties into the ocean at approximately what latitude?

The equator.

Pax Mongolica

The establishment of the Yuan dynasty ushered in a period of peace known as this.

Hansa League

The frequency of trade in this network lead to the establishment of credit and banking increasing the scale of trade and made social mobility possible in northern Europe

Trans Saharan Trade

The introduction of the camel sped up communication and transportation along this.

Food Crops

The introduction of these in Africa stabilized the African population and may have even led to its increase

Cotton Gin

The invention of this machine increased the demand for slaves as cotton surged from 750000 bales in 1830 to 285 million in 1850 providing 2/3rds of the worlds cotton by 1860

Sumer

The knowledge of irrigation led to an increased food supply and the founding of this city in Mesopotamia

Executive Branch

The major aspect of this branch is to execute laws which is done through the cabinet

Stalin

The man of steel became the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union following Lenin's death

Bill of Rights

The original had 10 amendments that were added to the Constitution

Decision Making Process

The process involved for the _____ _____ _____ includes identifying situations that require action, gathering and analyzing information, identifying options, predicting consequences, and taking action.

Eastern Europe

The rationale for occupation of this came from the Allied belief that any territory liberated could be occupied and controlled by the liberator

Sino-Japanese War

The result of this was a clear indication of Japan's imperial aspirations in Asia and a reflection of China's inability to keep pace with the new world

Shang Dynasty

The rise of this was based on technology, especially bronze which were monopolized

Peninsulars

The ruling class born in Spain, supported the viceroy government in New Spain.

Pax Tokugawa

The samurai and daimyo classes previously involved in fighting civil wars concentrated their time and wealth on new endeavors to include the arts

Citizenship Culture Science Technology Skills

The strands that make up the Social Studies TEKS includes history, geography, economics, government, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Reliable

The type of work, author and creator of the work, and the publisher of the work, to include academic and peer-reviewed publications are generally the most _____ sources.

Socrates

The unexamined life is not worth living

Congress of Vienna

The unstated goal of this was to limit growing nationalistic desires that had emerged after the French Revolution

May 1945

The war in Europe ended however the war waged on in the Pacific

Spanish Missions

Their purpose was to convert and civilize Native Americans

Ottoman Empire

Their success came from their command of gunpowder technology which was diffused from China

League of Nations

Theoretically if sanctions from this did not work it was supposed to respond with force however this did not have a military force under it command

Procyclical Indicators

These move in the same direction as the general economy: they increase when the economy is doing well and decrease when it is doing badly. GDP is considered a _____ _____.

Eastern Bloc

These nations were under Soviet influence and communism which included Poland and East Germany originating new alliance systems through the Warsaw Pact

Muslim Forces

These reached India in the mid 7th century through merchants spreading easily through connections established prior to Muhammad

Sequencing, Generalizing, Analytical Methods

These terms appear in Competency 025. Collectively these terms usually mean that you will be asked to perform these functions as part of reading a passage to draw conclusions to find the main idea. Additionally you will be asked to interpret data and information from a chart or map to come to a conclusion such as the relationship of a country's population to another country's population and draw a conclusion based on the data presented. There is no way to quantify this in preparation for the test, you simply must know how to interpret a passage, graph, or map.

Moroccan Army

They attacked and seized the Songhay Empire

Soviet Union

They declared war on Japan on August 8 1945

Detente

This assisted in signing SALT I and SALT II

Steam Engine

This burns coal to boil water which in turn forces a piston to turn a wheel to drive a mechanical device to perform work

Article 2 Section 2

This establishes the president as Commander in Chief of the armed forces and National Guard of all states; a cabinet, pardons, making treaties, nominate judges

Supreme Court

This hears only civil appeals

Forbidden City

This is located in modern-day Beijing and was the capital of the Ming and Qing empires

Mexican Revolution

This led to improved healthcare, education and universal suffrage and its nationalism encouraged the government to take control of industry and discourage foreign-owned businesses

Bloody Sunday

This peaceful demonstration turned bloody at the Czar's winter palace in St. Petersburg when his guards opened fire on the unarmed crowd

Separation of Powers

This prevents one branch from becoming supreme to protect the minority from the majority and to induce branches to cooperate

State Building

This process began in Italy as a result of papal influence and large flow of post-Crusades capital from trades

Article I Section 10

This prohibits states from making their own money, declaring war, tax goods from other states or have a navy.

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution allows Congress to regulate commerce

Treaty of Versailles

This treaty that laid sanctions and reparations against Germany were systematically ignored by the build up of the army, navy and taking control of foreign lands

Incas

This tribe lived along the Andes Mountains and of South America and Peru

Aztecs

This tribe lived in present day Mexico

Industrial Revolution

This triggered the rise in the standard of living with the emergence of the middle class

Il Khanate

This was taxation in the Mongol Empire and was administered through Persian officials that delivered it to the Mongols

Declaration of the Rights of Man

This was the French constitution written by the National Assembly that identified the rights of citizens, stated equality of man, and expressed a belief that sovereignty belonged to the people

Karakorum

This was the Mongol capital

Babrak Karmal

This was the Soviet backed president from the PDPA who used Soviet military to gain control of the country which was unpopular

Decolonization

This was well underway at the close of WWI as nations across the world had strong nationalist feelings, the theory of self determination, and the Mandate System

Protestant Reformation

This was widespread across Germany where many churches adjusted their religious services to reflect this doctrine

Destroy French settlement at Ft. St. Louis

To preserve the Spanish claims to land in Texas in the 1680s, Alonso de León was sent on several expeditions to

2/3rds

To propose an amendment to the Constitution it must be proposed by both Houses with _____ vote in support.

Schliemann found a famous lost city which many had thought never existed. What city was it? Troy. Alexandria. Babylon. Timbuktu.

Troy

Mongol Christian Diplomacy

United through this, Europeans and Mongols attacked Muslims in Jerusalem

Social Science Inquiry

Using this method gives a better chance of students developing higher level thinking skills

Which of the following is TRUE about secondary groups in a society?

Usually institutional

Eunuchs

Utilized under the Ming Dynasty they were sterile men in central government who could not produce a family to challenge the dynasty

Enclave

Vatican City is known as this

Germany

WWI was triggered by this nation in violation of the Treaty of Versailles by remilitarizing the Rhineland, the Anschluss of Austria, amassing an army, and invading Czechoslovakia and Poland

Poland

WWII officially began with Germany's invasion of this in September of 1939 followed by the Soviet invasion from the east.

1815

War of 1812 ends with Battle of New Orleans

Andrew J. Hamilton

Was appointed interim governor by President Johnson. He was the choice to lead Texas during Reconstruction because he had supporters from the pre-war antebellum elite and Unionists alike.

Charlemagne

Was crowned by the Pope as the Emperor of the Romans marking the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire but died shortly afterwards

Jesse Jones

Was the head of Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) which disbursed ten billion dollars to banks, agriculture, railroads, and public works. It played a major role in combating the Great Depression and financing industrial expansion during World War II.

Quanah Parker

Was the last chief of the Quahada Comanches and an important figure in Native American resistance and reservation life.

1797

Washington finishes second term

Deterrence

Weapon building continued and a new concept emerged as long as each side had enough weapons non would attack

Appeasement

Western democracies did this by giving in to demands of aggressor nations in an attempt to keep the peace

Declaration of Independence

Where would a list of grievances, or indictment, against the King of Great Britain be found?

Preamble

Where would the philosophy of government justifying revolution be found in the Declaration of Independence, with the statement "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

The power of one individual or office is diluted

Why were different executive powers assigned to different people in the Executive Branch of Texas?

Four specific types of map projections that are commonly used

Winkel tripel projection,Robinson projection, Goode's interrupted equal-area projection, and Mercator projection

100 Years War

With the death of Louis X, this resulted because of an absence of a male descendant to the French throne

Geneva Conference

With the establishment of north and south Vietnam, the US was compelled to support the French war effort in the south

African Diaspora

With the forced migration of millions of Africans to the New World this occurred as a result

Stephen F. Austin

Working at first to recruit settlement in Texas for Mexico, he turned against Mexico becoming an advocate for American settlement and independence in Texas

The Leviathan

Written by Thomas Hobbes this describes the social contract theory where citizens give up some of their rights in exchange for protection from government.

Family Ritual

Written by Zhu-Xi it was instructions for weddings, funerals, and other family ceremonies stressing personal behavior for social harmony

George Childress

Wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence. The Texas Declaration of Independence was modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence.

30 US 5 years

You must be _____ years old to a citizen of _______ and a resident of Texas for _______ immediately preceding the election

What was the name of the economic plan in which Germany would have to pay reparations to the nations that defeated it in World War I?

Young Plan.

Jobless Claims Leading Indicators

_____ _____ are _____ _____ as they indicate social welfare payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people.

Interest Groups

_____ _____ can include organizations such as the NRA, AARP, NEA, and even the Boy Scouts of America.

Salvation

______ is achieved by individuals who meet responsibilities by obeying laws of their caste

Human Divisions of geographical study consist of

activity affects the environment. This includes study of political, historical, social, and cultural activities.

Deltas

are at river mouths these areas are often very fertile.

Canals

are man made waterways connecting two large bodies of water.

Mid-range latitudes

are most likely to experience distinct seasons

Basins

areas of low elevation where rivers drain.

Mecca

believed by islams to be the most sacred city and located in Saudi Arabia; they turn to face it 5 times a day to pray and to visit it once during their life time.

Lakes are

bodies of freshwater found inland.

different continental plates

can create mountain ranges, volcanic activity, major earthquakes,and deep rifts.

Large-scale agriculture

can lead to loose topsoil and damaging erosion.

Effect on environment--chemical fertilizers

caused widespread pollution and possible increased cancer rates

Cylindrical projection

created by wrapping the globe of the Earth in a cylindrical piece of paper, then using a light to project the globe onto the paper. The largest distortion occurs at the outermost edges.

climate aggregates information about

daily and seasonal weather conditions in a region over a long period of time.

Building large cities leads to

degraded air quality, water pollution from energy consumption, and many other side effects that can severely damage the environment

1879

democracy comes into ruling "immigrants come"

Survival of civilizations-Russians

depended upon their freezing climate to help protect them from invaders

Robinson projection

east and west sections of the map are less distorted, but continental shapes are somewhat inaccurate

Mountains are

elevated areas that measure 2,000 feet or more above sea level. Often steep and rugged, they usually occur in groups called chains or ranges. Six of the seven continents on Earth contain at least one range

16th amendment

established income tax

Economy of New England Colonies

fishing ship building trade some lumber mills

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

founded in 1880s by Samuel Gompers

Henry Ford

founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production

Divisions of geographical study consist of how many tools

four

hepburn act

gave ICC power to set railroad maximum rates

squanto

helped early settlers survive winter by teaching them how to grow corn, squash and pumpkin

famous mukrakers

ida tarbell- standard oil trust upton sinclair- "the jungle" about meat packing industry

Deserts

less than ten inches of rain per year

Valleys

lie between hills and mountains. Depending on where they are located, their specific features can vary greatly, from fertile and habitable to rugged and inhospitable.

Eratosthenes lived in ancient Greek times

mathematically calculated the circumference of the earth.

Rivers

moving bodies of water that flow from higher elevations to lower. They usually start as rivulets or streams, and grow until they finally empty into a sea or an ocean.

Chemical erosion

occurs as a result of human intervention and activities

Mechanical erosion

occurs due to natural forces

Symbiosis

occurs when two different species exist in the same environment without affecting the other.

Sixty percent

of all lakes are located in Canada.

Weather focuses

on the short-term

knights of labor

one of the first labor unions

Climates are classified according to latitude

or how close they lie to the Earth's equator

federal trade commission act

outlaws unfair methods of competition

Geographers study

physical characteristics of the earth as well as man-made borders, boundaries and the distribution of life on the planet, such as where certain species of animals can be found, as well as how different forms of life interact.

Transform boundaries

plate boundaries slide in opposite directions against each other

Divergent boundaries/ Spreading Center

plates move away from each other

Robinson Patman Act

prohibits anticompetitive practices, specifically price discrimination

accurately representing the earth's features on a flat surface is achieved through

projection.

GI Bill (servicemens readjustment act)

provided veterans of the Second World War funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing.

State sovereignty

recognizes the division of geographical areas into areas controlled by various governments or groups of people. These groups control not only the territory, but also all its natural resources and the inhabitants of the area.

The Sugar Act, 1764

required taxes on molasses brought into colonies and gave British soldiers right to search homes of anyone suspected of not paying

17th amendment

requires senators to be elected by popular vote

Panick of 1873

restricts money supply

Gadsden purchase

rounded out the present day 48 contiguous states

1607

settlement of Jamestown (Virginia)

Panick of 1893

sharp decline in US economy that resulted in several bank failures, unemployment and drop in crop prices

Tools used in geographical study include

special research methods like mapping, field studies, statistics, interviews, mathematics, and use of various scientific instruments.

Regional Divisions of geographical study consist of

specific characteristics of individual places and regions

1929

stock market crash (global depression)

What land form runs from north to south for hundreds of miles in the eastern region of Africa?

the Great Rift Valley

Geography focuses on the origins of

the earth as well as the history and backgrounds of different human populations.

Oceans are

the largest bodies of water on Earth. They are salt water, and cover about two-thirds of the earth's surface.

Winkel tripel projection

the most common projection used for world maps, since it was accepted in 1998 by the National Geographic Society as a standard. balances size and shape, greatly reducing distortion

Conical projection

the paper is shaped like a cone and contacts the globe only at the cone's base. This type of projection is most useful for middle latitudes.

consistent scale map

the same scale, such as one inch=ten miles, is used throughout the entire map. This is most often used for maps of smaller areas, as maps that cover larger areas, such as the full globe, must make allowances for distortion.

Texas Constitution

this was modeled after the US Constitution with only slight differences

Transportation refers

to loose material being moved by wind, water or ice.

large-scale agriculture was labor intensive, this led to

to the development of stable communities where people gathered to make farming possible.

mercantilism

trade policy in which Americans provided raw materials to Britain, Britain manufactured the goods, then sold them to the colonies/nations

High Latitudes, found from 66.5 degrees to the poles

two major climate areas, the tundra and taiga.

spanish colonization focused on

wealth- gold silver -converting locals to catholicism

Weathering occurs

when atmospheric elements affect the earth's surface.

Appomattox Court House

where General Lee surrendered to Grant, ending the CW

World War I

- A resolution was introduced into the Texas Senate asking that diplomatic relations between the United States and Germany be severed following the sinking of the Lusitania - Texans were further provoked by Germany's continuing attempts to stir up trouble on the Mexican border. Toward that end Germany encouraged the internal turmoil associated with President Venustiano Carranza, Gen. Victoriano Huerta, and Pancho (Francisco) Villa, all of whom were watched closely by the United States. Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, in March 1916 brought on the punitive expedition of Gen. John J. Pershing and the call-up of the Texas National Guard. - The Texas media reflected the outrage of the citizens because of the Zimmerman Telegram. The San Antonio Light suggested that if a German-Mexican army overran Texas, Texans would fight to the death. The El Paso Times grew indignant at the very thought of Prussian militarism. - Texans took an active part in the preparedness program in 1916 and in 1917 approved the declaration of war. The buildup of United States forces on the Mexican border in 1916 helped prepare the armed forces for entry into the war. Texas National Guard officers gained valuable experience commanding, supplying, and maneuvering large units. - There was little opposition in the state to the draft, for which 989,600 men registered. Through the draft and voluntary enlistments a total of 198,000 Texans saw service in the armed forces during the course of the war In addition, 450 Texas women served as nurses. One nurse and 5,170 Texans died in the armed services; 4,748 of the dead served in the army. More than a third of the total deaths occurred inside the United States, many of them as a result of the influenza epidemic of 1918. Four Texans were awarded the Medal of Honor. Military camps established to train men for service were Camp MacArthur at Waco, Camp Logan at Houston, Camp Travis at San Antonio, and Camp Bowieqqv at Fort Worth. An officers' training school, the Leon Springs Military Reservation, was established at Leon Springs. Military training schools for aviators included Hicks Field, Call Fieldqqv and Kelly Field (later Kelly Air Force Base). Special training was offered at several smaller camps. The Texas State Council of Defense was established to cooperate with the National Council of Defense. - Texans bought Liberty and Victory Bonds and War Savings Stamps and contributed to the Red Cross, Salvation Army, and other wartime organizations. They also cooperated in the food-conservation program known as "Hooverizing," which included wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Tuesdays, and porkless Thursdays and Saturdays; fat and sugar were to be conserved every day. War gardens were planted, and Texas farmers devoted new space to food crops. War industries established in the state benefited temporarily.

Lexington and Concord

- where Rev War starts in 1775 -Concord= "shot heard around the world"

Cuban Missile Crisis

-1962 -Nikita and Soviets installed missiles in Cuba as defense -"hotline" set up btw Moscow and DC

1620

-Plymouth settled (Mass)

1898

-Spanish American War

4 disadvantages of South at Gettysburg

-Union gained better position -Lee's move North pulled them away from food/supplies

Social Contract Theory

...

In geographical terms, what is a "ped?" A developing country A developed country A foothill of a mountain range A region in the Third World

A developed country

Economy of Middle Colonies

agriculture

Ocean Currents

air blows over the oceans and to dry land: -if cold-cold air on land & same with warm

Missouri Compromise

all states west of Missouri and N. of 36 degrees would be free states

Roosevelt Corollary

allowed US to intervene where it believed Latin Am. countries needed assistance and protection from European powers

Malcom X

an activist that praised race pride and Black Nationalism in America

George Wallace

attempted to stop integration in Alabama schools

Betty Friedan

author and founder of (NOW) -National Org. for Women

elkins act

authorized the interstate commerce commission (ICC) to fine railways that offered rebates

climate takes into account

average monthly and yearly temperatures, average precipitation over long periods of time, and the growing season of an area.

Some deserts occur

because precipitation is stopped by the wall of a mountain range

Regions closer to the equator, and those nearest the poles

experience very little change in seasonal temperatures

Plains

flat areas and are usually very fertile. The majority of Earth's population is supported by crops grown on the Earth.

Survival of civilizations-Greek

flourished because of the mountains and islands provided protection from invaders

conformal map

focuses on representing the correct shape of geographical areas, with less concern for comparative size.

Marbury v. Madison

gave supreme court power of judicial review

Analysis of areas of human population

geographers focus on distribution of populations, neighborhoods, industrial areas, transportation, and other elements important to the society in question.

William Pitt

given credit for helping Britain gain victory over France during the French and Indian War

First Continental Congress

goal was to achieve peace with Britain

vertical climate exists

high mountain ranges. Increasing elevation leads to varying temperatures, growing conditions, types of vegetation and animals, and occurrence of human habitation, often encompassing elements of various other climate regions

Cultural geography is the study of

how the various aspects of physical geography affect individual cultures and compares how their lifestyles and customs are affected by their geographical location, climate, and other factors, and how they interact with their environment.

Social Institutions

humans are members that form: -values beliefs, behaviors that help us meet our basic needs -family (nuclear & extended); community; religion/Church; Education/schools; ethnic/cultural group; government Our status determines which role we play--leader or follower

Urban areas must also maintain communication with rural areas

in order to procure food, resources and raw materials that cannot be produced within the city limits

WEB Du Bois

influential in civil rights campaign -co founder of NAACP

French colonization focused on

initially fur and later in plantations

federal trade commission

investigates business activity and assures fair and free competition among business

mukrakers

investigative journalists who published exposes on political and business wrong doing

Taigas it stretches over Eurasia and North America.Taiga is the largest biome in the world.

lie south of tundra regions, and include the largest forest areas in the world, as well as swamps and marshes. Large mineral deposits exist here, as well as many animals valued for their fur. this region is colder than the tundra, and summers are hotter. The growing season is short.

environmental policy

many countries have taken action by passing laws to reduce human impact on the environment and reduce the potentially damaging side effects.

Natural resources

materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water and fertile land that occur in nature & can be used for economic gain

conflict on geographical boundaries

often occurs due to religious or political differences, language differences, or race differences. Natural resources, Control of resources, Control of important trade routes, Control of populations

Physical geography is the study of

physical characteristics of the earth, how they relate to each other, how they were formed, and how they develop. These characteristics include climate, land, and water, and also how they affect human populations in various areas. Different land forms in combination with various climates and other conditions determine characteristics of various cultures.

thematic map is constructed to show

political information, such as how votes were distributed in an election, or show population distribution or climactic features

Seas are generally also salt water

smaller than oceans and surrounded by land.

Boston Massacre

street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers

Alfred Thayer Mahan believed

strength of nations navy was the answer to foreign policy

Weather involves daily conditions in the atmosphere that affect

temperature, precipitation (rain, snow,hail or sleet), wind speed, air pressure, and other factors

the earth's crust is made up of

ten major and several minor tectonic plates.

Weather and climate are physical systems

that affect geography

Equal area map

that the proportional sizes of various areas are accurate. For example, if one land mass is one-fifth the size of another, the lines on the map will be shifted to accommodate for distortion so that the proportional size is accurate. In many maps, areas farther from the equator are greatly distorted; this type of map compensates for this phenomenon.

Topical Divisions of geographical study consist of

the study of a single feature of the earth or one specific human activity that occurs world-wide

Foothills

the transition area between the plains and the mountains, usually consisting of hills that gradually increase in size as they approach the mountain range

Physical Divisions of geographical study consist of

the various physical features of the earth, how they are created, the forces that change them, and how they are related to each other and to various human activities

Flat-Plane projections

this type of map is projected onto a flat piece of paper that only touches the globe at a single point. Flat-plane projections make it possible to map out Great-Circle Routes, or the shortest route between one point and another on the globe, as a straight line.

Mercator projection

though distortion is high, particularly in areas farther from the equator, this cylindrical projection is commonly used by seafarers.

Constitutionalism

under this various laws were passed that gave power to the Parliament thus making the monarchy relying upon parliament for authority.

relief map is constructed to show

various elevations across the area of the map. Higher elevations are represented by different colors than lower elevations.

Survival of civilizations-North America

vast plains have provided fertile land to millions of settlers

Ptolemy, primarily an astronomer

was an experienced mapmaker. His skills also contributed to overall knowledge of the earth's geography.

Strabo

wrote a description of the ancient world called Geographica. The work consisted of seventeen volumes.

Treaty of New Echota

- btw Cherokee in Georgia and US -Pres. Martin forced Cherokee out

1957

-"space race" -sputnik 2- dog in space -sputnik 1- first satellite to orbit the earth

Theodore Roosevelt

-"speak softly and use a big stick" -gained rights to construct Panama Canal

How population growth and modernization have affected the physical environment throughout history-

--building dams -chemical fertilizers -loosing animal species

wagner act

-1935 -protected the right of labor unions to organize

1919-1920

-19th- women right to vote -18th- enacted prohibition (reversed by 21 amendment) -during WW2 women were working in factories/ helped with war

John Marshall

-1st supreme court justice -established 3 principles of law -established doctrine of judicial review

Cognitive development process

-Ability to recall, associate, and synthesize info fades with age -Brains ability to learn appears to be indestructible

The Arts

-Ancient Greek sculpture depicted idealized human bodies where, "man was the measure of all things." -Statues of Buddha are common throughout Asia-long earlobes mean you are wise. -Due to fact that reproduction of animal images is discouraged, mosques are decorated with very beautiful calligraphy designs -West coast native Americans-totem poles were common

Jacksonian Democracy

-Andrew Jackson: first Democratic prez -political movement toward greater democracy for common man

Compromise of 1850

-Cali would be a free state -slave trade outlawed in DC -increased efforts to capture escaped slaves -New Mex. and Utah would decide if they would allow slavery

Cultural region of East Asia

-China dominance; Buddhism and Confucianism -Communism/capitalism -China, s. Korea and Japan have high literacy rates and are advanced in technology w/extensive trade.

Developed v. Developing countries

-Developed:rich, high literacy, low infant mortality, high life expectancy, democratic govts (USA, Canada, UK, GE, France, Spain, Austrailia, Italy & Sweden) -Developing: opposite factors- (Yemen, Uganda, El Salvador, Laos, Afghanastan)

Culture region of S. Asia

-India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, -Common Hx centers on India-hiduism/islam religions -region is primarily poor and capitalistic

June 6, 1944

-Invasion of Normandy (DDAY) -2 super powers left (US and Soviet Union)

Declaratory Act

-Issued after stamp act repealed -gave parliament right to govern colonies

Tectonic Processes

-Lithosphere is not one connected body but rather several separate masses "floating on the oceans" -Constantly moving and drifting apart -Collisions form mountains, rubbing together causes earthquakes

Cultural region of sub Saharan Africa

-Most diverse in the world; hundreds of languages and ethnic groups. -Most peeps have historically been nomadic but changed with agriculture as its primary activity -War, famine, disease (AIDS), have caused widespread devastation to the area -Christianity and islam -Low literacy rates and limited medical care -Military regimes common

Isolationism

-Post WW2 US tends to stay out of world affairs -large death toll from war -not in League of Nations - Limited immigration -Raised tariffs to protect AM goods

Jefferson Davis

-Prez of Confederate states -Fought in Mex-AM War -US Senator/ Secratary -Paid more attention to military matters

Franklin D. Roosevelt

-Prez when US recovering from Great Depression and stock market crash -New Deal Legislation

Sun/earth relationship

-Survival depends upon the sun (primary determinant of earth's climates) -Earth on axis-that causes opposite climates in hemispheres as it rotates

Spanish American War

-US send ship to Havana Harbour -"Maine" explodes and sinks; blamed on Spain - US declares War -US becomes empire (Cuba, Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico)

Cultural reason of SE Asia

-Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia -Catholicism is a major religion & buddhism/islam present -Agriculture dominates the area & most people live in poverty -communism dominates Vietnam and capitalism everywhere else -cheap labor brought some factories to the region -Low literacy rates and medical care not readily available

1918

-WW1 ends -ended some nations (ottoman empire/Bulgaria) -US got involved because

john brown

-abolitionist -seized federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry and intended to distribute guns to slaves to lead a slave rebellion -captured by Robert E. Lee

Berlin Airlift

-after Berlin was divided into 4 sectors, Sov. Union ordered US to leave -Power/water turned off -US airlifted supplies to ppl

Cesar Chavez

-american labor leader -organized food harvesters in Cali into United Farm Workers

3 strategies of the North during CW

-blockade Confederate coastline -seize control of Mississippi -seize Conf. capital, Richmond, Virg.

Suez and Panama Canals

-both greatly enhanced world trade and boosted economic development. -generations of people in different areas now have access to clean drinking water that wasn't possible before the damns were built (example of how humans modify their climate).

commerce compromise

-btw N. and S. -Importation of slaves would continue for 20 yrs

Kentucky and Virginia Resolves

-by Jefferson and Madison -claimed alien and sedition acts were unconstitutional

Loyalists

-colonies that didn't want to break from Britain -1/3 of population -mostly lived in South

Populism

-concerned with the commonsense needs of avg ppl. -claimed to represent majority of ppl and called them to stand up to industry

Fundamental Order of Connecticut

-considered first written constitution in colonies -gave structure of power of their government

Henry Kissinger

-credited to changing the thinking in foreign policy during Cold War -policy called "detente"

1877

-depression (1873-1879) -demolishes silver standard; there is increase in interest rate

Mayflower Compact

-earliest Am. gov. document -pledged loyalty to King James -established self government for colony of Plymouth -1620

civil acts right of 1964

-ended segregation, banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is -considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

Articles of Confederation

-first political system after Rev War -weak national gov -agreement btw 13 colonies (served as first gov) -1777

Whig Party

-formed in opposition to Dem-Rep and to Jackson Dem -favored high tariffs -thought strong congress was better than strong prez

Jane Addams

-founder of social work -1st woman to get Nobel Peace Prize

The great compromise (connecticut compromise)

-gave congress 2 houses -senate-2reps from each state -house- reps based on population

Cultural region of Latin America

-major language is Spanish -Catholicism/Christianity branch offs -Military dictatorships & political unrest; shows advances to democracy -Capitalism w/socialism is becoming dominant economic system -The Catholic Church has had a MAJOR role in development -Native Americans make up a huge portion of population & are still dominated by agriculture with cash crops -Low literacy rates

Philadelphia Convention of 1787

-set out to make new constitution -delegates from all states except R.I.

Iroquois Confederacy

-settled disputes and prevented warfare between allies -"Haudenosaunee"- League of Peace and Power -consisted of 6 nations

red scott act

-slaves are not citizens -slaves in free states doesn't make them free -Missouri compromise was unconstitutional -gave pop. sovereignty to all states and territories

3 concerns over new constitution

-states giving up too much power -voters didn't have enough control -No Bill of Rights

A social studies teacher is aware that the scientific method must satisfy how many characteristics?

4

At what grade level do social studies teachers introduce topographic maps?

4th

Korematsu vs US was brought forth to say that the United States had violated which amendment?

5th

"On the night of the full moon of the third month, in the city-state of Eridu, the ziggurat devoted to the god Enki, was destroyed by a huge rumbling and shaking of the Earth. I, along with the other priests of Eridu, know that this destruction was caused by the jealous wrath of the moon-god Nanna, protector of the city-state of Ur, whose ziggurat did not fall. Nanna's wrath extended to the waters of the Euphrates River, which overran its banks, destroying many of the dikes and weirs used for irrigation. It is feared that famine will ensue, as the barley crop will surely die." The quotation above was most likely written by which of the following? An Egyptian scribe using hieroglyphic script. A Sumerian scribe using cuneiform script. A Phoenician scribe using alphabetic script. A Chinese scribe using ideographic script.

A Sumerian scribe using cuneiform script.

Jack Coffee Hays

A captain in the Texas Rangers and a military officer of the Republic of Texas. He served in several armed conflicts from 1836-1848, including against the Comanche people in Texas and during the Mexican-American War. Rode with an Apache Chief named Flacco who led the charge into every battle with him. The duo led and inspired the Rangers. In 1840 Tonkawa Chief Placido and 13 scouts joined with the Rangers to track down a large Comanche war party, culminating at the Battle of Plum Creek. Later, he commanded the force against the invasion from Mexico of 1842. During the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), he commanded the First Regiment of Texas Rangers at the Battle of Monterrey, established six companies along the northern and western frontier of Texas, and commanded the Second Regiment of Texas Rangers in Winfield Scott's Mexico City campaign. The Rangers excelled during this conflict, gaining nationwide fame.

The term Reconquista refers to: The taking over of privately-owned rancherias by the Shining Path and transforming the expropriated potato patches into cocoa fields throughout Peru during the 1980's and 1990's. A centuries-long series of battles and population movements culminating with the triumph of Christian forces at Granada and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492. The infiltration of pre-Columbian forms of worship into the Catholic religion in various parts of the Spanish New World culminating in the ideological "reconquest" of historically Aztec and Mayan lands. A series of slave revolts over the course of several decades throughout Latin America that culminated in the separation of the island of Hispaniola into two countries--Haiti and Santo Domingo in 1804 (now called the Dominican Republic).

A centuries-long series of battles and population movements culminating with the triumph of Christian forces at Granada and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492.

Queen Elizabeth I gave Sir Humphrey Gilbert a Royal Charter. What was this Royal Charter? A deed to a manor in England. A grant of land in the New World. Permission to establish a university. A grant of money to support the arts.

A grant of land in the New World.

When the South seceded from the U.S. they formed a confederacy. What is a confederacy? A group of states which have a federal government. A group of states which have a sovereign rule. A central government makes and enforces the laws. A group of democratic states that have their own leaders and laws but which band together for matters of war and the common good. A group of states which band together to oppose a foreign government.

A group of democratic states that have their own leaders and laws but which band together for matters of war and the common good.

A citizen of a city-state in Sumer in 3000 B.C.E. would most likely have been familiar with all of the following, EXCEPT: A horse-drawn cart. An ox-pulled plough. A potter's wheel. A beer.

A horse-drawn cart.

The Santa Fe Expedition

A military and commercial venture purposed with establishing the northern boundaries of Texas by claiming parts of New Mexico. President Lamar also sought to obtain control over the Santa Fe Trail in order to procure trade with New Mexico. The expedition was deemed a failure since the group was captured by Mexican forces and held captive for over a year. The failure of the Santa Fe Expedition was deemed a huge blemish on Lamar's record as president.

James Fannin

A military figure on the Texas Army and leader during the Texas Revolution of 1835-36. After being outnumbered and surrendering to Mexican forces at the Battle of Coleto Creek, he and nearly all his 344 men were executed soon afterward at Goliad, Texas, under Santa Anna's orders for all rebels to be executed.

Total War

A significant consequence of this is the purposeful targeting of civilian populations and the cities they live in

Toussaint-Louverture

A slave himself he organized rebellious Africans into an army in Haiti

Toussaint-Louverture

A slave, he was educated and had knowledge of Enlightenment principles as well as the success of the American Revolution

Hammurabi's Code

A third of _____ _____ addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behavior

Spanish Missions

After the establishment of several missions, the conversion of many Native American Tribes as well as the establishment of towns such as San Antonio , Goliad, and Nacogdoches was possible. Because of Native American attacks, the population was very small until 1785 when a peace agreement with the Comanches was drawn up.

Regional Monarchy

After the fall of Rome, a strong central power emerged in western Europe. These developed as a result in France and England

Technology

After the oil boom Texas' economy began to recover in the 1990s with this type of industry with companies like Electronic Data Systems, Dell Computers, and Texas Instruments

The mountains between the capital of Iran and the Caspian Sea form part of the:

Alborz range

Qur'an

Allah's words were given to Muhammad and collected by his followers and compiled in this

Riparian ecosystems occur: At the edges of cities. Along river banks. Only in montane zones. Only near the equator.

Along river banks.

Cold War

Amarillo Army Air Field reopened as Amarillo Air Force Base in 1951 to train technicians and to base units of the Strategic Air Command. The Atomic Energy Commission claimed the Pantex plant in 1950 and added manufacture of nuclear warheads to the installation's former functions. Operated by private contractors under the Department of Energy, Pantex became the nation's sole assembly plant for nuclear warheads in 1975. At the end of the Cold War, Pantex turned aboutface and started dismantling nuclear warheads. The plant is promoted as the center of a research consortium for finding peaceful applications for nuclear materials. Throughout the Cold War and the post-Cold War period, Fort Sam Houston provided trained soldiers and units for exercises; for international crises like Grenada, Panama, Desert Shield, and Desert Storm; and for national disasters. In 1996 Brooke Army Medical Center relocated to new facilities east of Salado Creek.

The "three-fifths clause" contained in Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 3, of the Constitution was not officially repealed until ratification of which of the following? Amendment XIII of the Constitution. Amendment XIV of the Constitution. Civil Rights Act of 1866. Emancipation Proclamation.

Amendment XIV of the Constitution.

1775-1783

American Revolutionary War -ends with the signing of Treaty of Paris (1983)

What river was known to the ancient Greeks as the Oxus and today marks the northern border of Afghanistan?

Amu Darya

State Colonization Law of March 24, 1825

An attempt to bring people to the states of Coahuila and Texas, encourage agriculture, and assist commerce. Although Americans were allowed to settle in these states, Mexicans would receive first choice of lands. Americans were given a temporary pass of taxation but had to agree to take an oath to obey federal and state constitutions, practice the Christian faith, and behave with high morals. In exchange for these vows, these settlers would become citizens of Mexico.

Mary Maverick

An early Texas pioneer and author of memoirs which form an important source of information on daily life in and around San Antonio during the Republic of Texas through Civil War periods.They provide an engrossing and vivid picture of life on the Texas frontier and mid-19th-century San Antonio, including household management, child-rearing and family life, medical practices, and social and political observations. The writings, in particular her eyewitness account of the Council House Fight in San Antonio in 1840, are often cited in studies of Texas pioneer life.

Great Depression

An example of how the federal government has grown was in response to the _____ _____. Several social programs began in an effort to ease the worst economic crisis in American history.

Alaska is a part of the United States. It is classified as which type of political state? An enclave An exclave A fragmented state A perforated state

An exclave.

A 10th grade geography teacher would choose an Azimuthal map to teach a lesson in which he wanted to illustrate which of the following?

Areas

With the admission of ______ in 1912, the United States had achieved Manifest Destiny.

Arizona

John Magruder

Arrived in Texas on October 1862 after being reassigned by General Lee. He was the victor at the Battle of Galveston where the Confederate Army recaptured Galveston Island. It remained under Confederate control throughout the remainder of the war despite a war-long Union blockade of the Gulf Coast.

What article of the Constitution creates Congress? Article One. Article Two. Article Three. Article Five.

Article One

Which of the following documents stated that the "Union shall be perpetual"?

Articles of Confederation

New Deal

As _____ _____ programs were developed and expanded the federal government assumed responsibility for financing and managing programs.

21 Demands

As a result of Japan invading Qingdao, China demanded its withdrawal. Japan issued this secret ultimatum in hopes of securing control over China set during WWI

Great Purge

As a result of civil unrest and economic policies Stalin initiated this where opponents were jailed or executed

Cultural Diffusion

As a result of the Crusades this occurred reintroducing the Greco-Roman culture that was preserved under the Byzantine Empire

Minimum Wage

As a result of the Industrial Revolution governments stepped in and passed laws to protect workers earnings called this

Delian League

As a result of the Persian Wars this was established to discourage future Persian aggression

Chinese Nationalism

As a result of the Treaty of Nanjing with the sustained presence of foreigners in the nation led to conflict leading to an upsurge in this to rid foreign influence

Pax Tokugawa

As a result of the self imposed isolation from limited trade with Dutch and Chinese and travel abroad this became known as a 300 year peaceful period in Japans history

Russo-Japanese War

As a result of the threat of Russian expansion in Manchuria this occurred when Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea within Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused sparking this conflict

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

As a result of the treaty, Mexico ceded 525,000 square miles of territory (New Mexico, and California) in exchange of $15 million and the assumption of Mexico's debts to American citizens. In addition, Mexico agreed to recognize the loss of Texas and established the Rio Grande as the border.

Embargo

As a result of this Castro quickly formed an alliance with the Soviet Union

Treaty of Nanjing

As a result of this China was forced to open additional ports to foreign trade, give up control of Hong Kong to Britain and grant British citizens extraterritoriality

Decolonization

As a result of this Imperial powers ended colonial possessions ending imperial rule across the globe

Mexican Revolution

As a result of this a new constitution was adopted establishing land reform through the government policy of land redistribution and granted rights to workers and women

Bloody Sunday

As a result of this civil unrest broke out across the country and soviets were organized seeking to organize strikes and gain political rights

Cultural Revolution

As a result of this millions were publicly humiliated, jailed, or killed and it contributed to increased instability in the nation discouraging China from advancing socially or economically

Russian Revolution

As a result of this reforms were enacted extending civil liberties such as freedom of speech to Russian citizens and promoted religious and ethnic tolerance however it failed to address the overwhelming concerns of bread, peace and land.

Bubonic Plague

As a result of this the population recovered through regeneration after 100 years when 1/3 of European population was wiped out and disrupted trade.

Russian Revolution

As a result of this with they made efforts to change the economic landscape and passed legislation redistributing land to peasants

Socialization

As humans, we are members in a variety of different social institutions and through these, we experience an education on how to behave properly

Nuclear Arms Race

As the Cold War progressed a new reality emerged with the struggle between the US and USSR to claim political hegemony across the globe leading to this

Mussolini

As the leader of Italy he suspended peoples civil liberties and used fear and terror to enforce his will

Il Khanate

Aside from the death of Kublai Khan and economic woes, fractional troubles in Persia led to the collapse of this

Council of Trent

Assembled members of church clergy met here seeking to reform the Catholic Church and to define church doctrine

The function of the Congressional Budget Office of the United States is to: Assist Congress in analyzing the President's budget. Assist in the formulation of the President's appropriations to Congress. Enforce the curtailment of Congressional earmarks. Oversee the apportionment of federal funding to the executive agencies.

Assist Congress in analyzing the President's budget.

Boxer Rebellion

At its defeat this further led to weakening the Qing Dynasty and within a decade they would be overthrown by Chinese nationalists

The Articles of Confederation embodied a system of government used by the early United States. With respect to the American Revolutionary War, when were the Articles of Confederation ratified?

At the end of the War.

Bloody Sunday

At this demonstration the protestors led by a priest want to present a petition to Czar Nicholas II asking for a representative assembly but instead they were killed during this

Geneva Conference

At this meeting it was agreed that Vietnam would be divided along the 17th parallel establishing north and south Vietnam

The four major oceans are the

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic.

Bravos River

Austin received a land grant to colonize here in Texas

What most accurately reflects the conflicting sides of the Eastern Question?

Austria feared the spread of nationalism, Britain feared disruption to the balance of power, and Russia welcomed more control in the Black Sea.

Production Possibility Curve

Better known as PPF (F=Frontier) this represents the point at which an economy is most efficiently producing goods an services therefore allocating its resources in the best way possible.

Triple Entente

Britain, Russia and France made this alliance

1914 (WW1)

British , France, Russia, & US VS Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

What institution was George Mason speaking about when he called it a "slow poison that is daily contaminating the minds and morals of our people"? The Bill of Rights. British supremacy. The slave trade. The Constitutional Convention.

British supremacy.

Articles of Confederation

By design one house of Congress had power to declare war, sign treaties but no power to raise revenue (taxes)

Articles of Confederation

By design this did not include a national court system

Nazi Party

By the early 1930s this gained significant control of the German parliament

Ottoman Empire

By the mid 1500s this became the largest and most powerful empire in Europe and the Middle East

Khrushchev

Castro, with alliances to USSR, permitted him to build nuclear missile bases 90 miles south of the US

On the size and spacing of human settlements: The larger the size of the settlements, the fewer in number they will be. The larger the growth of the settlements, the greater the distance between them. As a settlement increases in size, the range and number of its functions will increase . As a settlement increases in size, the number of higher-order services will also increase. The four points above detail the main ideas behind which

Central Place Theory

Pax Tokugawa

Cities during this time became the centers of new cultural traditions including Kabuki theater

1861-1865

Civil War

Modification the environments by human populations consist of

Clearing ground for crops, redirecting waterways for irrigation purposes, and building permanent settlements all create major changes in the environment.

The Declaration of Independence lists the rights of a free people. Included are the right to throw off an oppressing government, establish a new one and to pursue life, liberty and happiness. It also stated that nature declares that "all men are created equal." What else was listed in this document?

Complaints against the king which justified the break with England

Ratify the 13th Amendment

Congressman and Senators were denied seats in the US Congress for failure to do this

Pizarro

Conquered the Incas putting to death Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca

Piaget's Concept of Conservation involves:

Conserving physical properties regardless of shape.

Jerusalem

Considered a city sacred to all 3 monotheistic religions: -Christians-location of the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ -Jews-Capital of King David's Empire and the location of King Solomon's temple islam-it is the belief that muhammad appeared and then went to heaven

Ganges River

Considered sacred by the hindus

James Allred

Considered the New Deal governor of Texas. He was incredibly popular because he did not hesitate to funnel New Deal money into the state. During his term, he focused on the Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Projects Administration, National Youth Administration, and Public Works Association.

Three Estates

Considering there were only three of these made up of clergy, the nobility and the populace in the Estates General, it was unlikely that the majority estate would have a favorable outcome when petitioning the king for reform

Hammurabi's Code

Consisting of 282 laws with scaled punishment such as an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth is graded depending on social status such as slave versus free man.

Safavid Empire

Constant conflict with the Ottomans coupled with the threat of an increasingly stronger Russian Empire and the Mughal Empire to the South led to its decline.

Catherine the Great

Continued Peter the Greats policy of modernization while ensuring the absolute authority of the monarch

Mr. Pierce's 10th grade geography class is learning how to read topographical maps. He points out the imaginary lines connecting various elevations to sea level on a map. These lines are known as which of the following? Contour lines. Ley lines. Concave lines. Convex lines.

Contour Lines

Plate tectonics defines three types of plate boundaries

Convergent boundaries, Divergent boundaries, and Transform boundaries

Located in South America, what is the highest tropical mountain range in the world?

Cordillera Blanca.

1959

Cuban revolution (becomes communist)

What Civil War veteran led a U.S. cavalry contingent into the Black Hills and discovered gold?

Custer

John Salmon "Rip" Ford

Despite news of General Lee's surrender in April 1865, _____ defeated Union forces during the Battle of Palmito Ranch on May 1865. This would be the final battle of the American Civil War.

Three Principles of the People

Developed by Sun Yat-sen these translate into nationalism, democracy, and peoples welfare and became the basis for Mao Zedong and the communist party

Yongle Encyclopedia

Developed during the Ming Dynasty this is a collection of Chinese philosophy, literature, and history prompting an increase in literacy

What explorer under the British flag was the first to sail into the Pacific?

Drake

The year is 1577 and you are an English sailor. You sign on with Sir Francis Drake for a sea voyage. You hope to make your fortune. Why did you pick Drake's ship? You are very patriotic. Drake is a privateer. Drake has a Royal Charter to establish a colony in Virginia. Drake has found a gold mine in America.

Drake is a privateer.

Munich Conference

During 1938 Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia in return for the Sudetenland, portions of the newly created Czechoslovakia area where many German speaking people lived

Great Depression

During and after WWI the US had lent millions to other nations becoming the banking capital of the world but nations struggled to repay especially with US created tariffs limiting European economic growth eventually leading to this

The sensorimotor stage of human cognitive development occurs primarily: Around the time of puberty. Once one has passed the age of 18. Between the ages of six and twelve. During infancy, from birth to two years of age.

During infancy, from birth to two years of age.

Separation of Powers

Each branch of government has its own duties

Coronado

Earliest known European to have explored the Americas Spanish explorer. He led an expedition through what is now the southwestern United States including North Texas.

Lt. Alonso Alvarez de Pineda

Earliest known European to have sailed along the Texas coast in 1519. He was sent on a mission by the Spanish governor of Jamaica in search of resources. His expedition established that Florida was a peninsula, established the boundaries of the Gulf of Mexico, and disproved a sea passage to Asia.

Jim Hogg

Elected as governor in 1890 he was the first native Texan governor

Long March

Emerging as the leader of the communists during this following the death of its former leader Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong spread the ideas of communism before settling in northwest China

The Constitution of 1824

Established a republican government for Mexico. Despite the best of intentions, it failed to define the rights of Mexican states within the republic including Texas. In addition, it was incredibly vague on slavery, which was active mainly in Texas.

Tang Dynasty

Established civil service examinations where government jobs were awarded based on merit

Yuan Dynasty

Established in China this began a period of Pax Mongolica

Hernandez v. Texas

Established that Mexican Americans along with all other racial groups all possessed the right to equal protection under the law.

Article 2 Section 1

Establishes the Office of the President and Vice President and sets terms to four years where presidents are elected by the electoral college and establishes minimum requirements fro being president such as 35 years of age, natural born citizen of the US, resident of the US for 14 years, take an oath for the office and establishes salary

Stratification

Every society has inequality and uneven distribution to the means

Expansion of Democracy

Examples of the _____ _____ _____ include the expansion of the electorate through various amendments to the Constitution

Congress of Vienna

Following Napoleons exile the nations that defeated Napoleon met in this venue to restore Europe to the way it was prior to the French Revolution and to negotiate a balance of power to prevent any one nation in Europe from gaining too much power

Peoples Liberation Army

Following WWII after repelling Japanese the Chinese Civil War resumed and this emerged under Zedong's leadership and quickly seized control of China pushing the Kuomintang party into Taiwan

German Nationalism

Following a series of wars against Denmark, Austria and France, Bismark used these victories to bolster this

Rape of Nanking

Following the invasion of China Japan began bombing major Chinese cities, especially Shanghai which lead to this event

Emancipation of Russian Serfs

Following the their defeat in the Crimean Wars Russian czars sought to reform society through industrialization leading to this

What was an important factor in the collapse of the Romanov Dynasty in early 1917?

Food shortages

Simon Bolivar

For over a decade he led military campaigns against the Spanish ultimately winning independence for Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia

Culture

Foundation of anthropological study; shapes personalities based on: -language, religion, history, symbols, customs -constantly changing

According to TEA standards, a student who has completed 7th grade social studies must be able to identify several key dates. One of these dates is 1718. What is the significance of this date?

Founding of San Antonio.

The United States has 48 contiguous states and two states which are not attached. According to geographers, what type of country is the United States? Divided country Fractured country Conterminous country A collection of regions

Fractured Country

Indian National Congress

Gandhi led this organization and brought about demands to the British for self rule and lead a massive nationalist movement across the country

In the summer of 2008, military forces from which of the following two former Soviet republics clashed in South Ossetia?

Georgia and Russia

The US shared the city of Berlin with all of these other nations EXCEPT: Great Britain. France. Germany. U.S.S.R.

Germany

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship to African Americans

Athens

Greek city state whose government was based on democratic principles however only free adult males were allowed to vote.

Reims, France, is located just above 49º latitude, and has an average temperature in January of about 36º F, and an average temperature in July of about 65º F. Quebec City, Canada, located on a different continent, slightly further south, is located a little under 47º latitude, and has a January average temperature of 9º F, and a July average temperature of 66º F. Which of the following climatic phenomena best explains why Reims is warmer in the winter than Quebec City?

Gulf Stream

What woman reigned longest as pharaoh? Hatshepsut. Cleopatra. Ramses II. Nefertiti.

Hatshepsut

Mansa Musa

He built mosques to honor Islam and sent subjects to study under Muslim scholars and established religious schools with Arabian and North African teachers.

Cavalier and La Salle

He claimed Matagorda Bay for France and ended up establishing Fort St. Louis on the Texas coast

Pizarro

He conquered the Incan Empire in South America

Toussaint-Louverture

He continued the fight even after slaves were granted their independence calling for Saint Domingue's independence from France

Jacques Dessalines

He continued the fight for Haitian Independence after Toussaint-Louverture capture

Gorbachev

He controlled the Soviet Union from 1985 - 1991 introducing several reforms in the nation

General Thomas J. Rusk

He defeated the Cordova Rebellion with Cordova escaping to Mexico.

William of Normandy

He defeated the English king and took England as his own spreading feudalism to England.

Charles Martel

He defeated the Islamic invaders at the Battle of Tours ending Islamic expansion in the west.

Socrates

He developed a method of questioning aimed at exposing ethics and morality. His student Plato recorded his thoughts in a series of writings called dialogues.

Darwin

He developed a theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection with evidence he gathered from the Beagle expedition

Diocletian

He divided the Roman Empire into two east and west.

Akbar the Great

He eliminated the jizya tax imposed on Hindus and allowed them to rise to positions of power in the Mughal government

Mussolini

He emerged as a dictator in post war Italy, a nation struggling to recover from economic depression

Mussolini

He emphasized the Italian state over the individual and transformed the nation into a totalitarian state

MacArthur

He ensured that Japan's transformation would benefit the US and its Allies

John Calvin

He established a Protestant community in Switzerland

Eric the Red

He established a colony in Greenland

Lief Ericsson

He established a colony in Newfoundland, Canada for Scandanavia and called it Vinland

Darius

He extended the Persian Empire and established the new capital of Persia, Persepolis

Marc Isambard Brunel

He first achieved mass production, along with Brunel, Maudslay, Goodrich, and Brig. Gen. Bentham in sailing blocks

Abu-al Abbas

He founded the Abbasid Dynasty

Cyrus

He founded the Persian Empire

Muhammad

He had a transformational spiritual experience and traveled through the Arabian Peninsula proclaiming to be the last prophet of Allah

Ataturk

He had introduced western reforms in Turkey however Islamic fundamentalists increased their power by increasing their support and influence in political parties during the 90s

Da Vinci

He has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man having expertise in a significant number of different subject areas and was a great thinker of the Italian Renaissance

Marius

He invaded and occupied Rome until his death and was succeeded by Sulla

William of Normandy

He invaded the Isle of Britain leading to the Norman Conquest

Dyar

He invented the first telegraph in the US sending sparks through chemically treated tape to burn dots and dashes

Maxim

He invented the machine gun using energy from recoil force to expel a spent cartridge and insert the next one and could fire 400-600 rounds a minute but required a team to operate it and water to cool it

Eli Whitney

He invented the modern version of the Cotton Gin mechanizing the cleaning of cotton using hooks to pull cotton through a wire screen to separate seeds

Darwin

He is best known for his contributions in evolutionary theory

Sun Yat-sen

He is regarded as the Father of the Nation in the Republic of China an forerunner of the Peoples Republic of China

Cesar Chavez

He led boycotts in the 1970s to bring the attention to the plight of migrant workers

Khomeini

He led fundamentalists in a coup over the Shah's western reforms and wrestled control of the government instituting an Islamic republic

Chiang Kai-shek

He led the National Revolutionary Army and pursued the communist Red Army however they escaped

Lech Walesa

He led the solidarity movement in Poland which was outlawed by Soviets but ultimately was successful

Mansa Musa

He made a pilgrimage to Mecca showering his hosts with jewels and gold along the way.

Ferdinand of Aragon

He married Isabella of Castile to unite the independent Iberian regions bringing Spains state building to its peak

Peter the Great

He modernized the army and navy and extended social freedoms to women and encouraged society to look more western by shaving beards and wearing western clothing.

Shah Abbas the Great

He moved the capital of the Safavid Empire to Isfahan, modernized the army and flourished in long distance trade

Mirabeau Lamar

He opposed joining the US and established the Texas State Library

Pope Gregory I

He protected Rome and the church by mobilizing forces for the purpose of defense and reasserted papal supremacy increasing the role and importance of the church in peoples lives

Aristotle

He rejected the theory of forms and ideas and instead believed that people could depend on their senses and reason to answer the mysteries of the world.

Porfirio Diaz

He ruled Mexico in the early 1900s although he improved the economy socially Mexico was suffering

Tang Taizong

He saw himself as a Confucian ruler building its capital at Chang'an

Coronado

He searched for the Seven Cities of Cibola

Henry

He sent an electric current over a mile of wire to activate an electromagnet that caused a bell to strike

Lorenzo de Zavala

He served as the first vice president as an interim under Burnet

Henry Cisneros

He served as the mayor of San Antonio, only the second Latino to lead a major metropolitan city, and was the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and was credited with initiating the revitalization of many public housing developments and with formulating policies that contributed to achieving the nation's highest ever rate of home ownership

Ivan the Terrible

He sought to eliminate opposition to his authority by killing boyars (Russian nobles) he suspected of disloyalty and confiscating their lands

Caesar

He stretched the boundries of the Roman Empire to Gaul and undertook the building of large scale projects and gladiators.

Pietro Badoglio

He succeeded Mussolini as Prime Minister after being appointed by King Victor Emmanuel III and was instrumental in bringing the conflict of WWII in Italy to an end by joining the Italians with the Allies against Germany

Sulla

He took over Marius after his death and led Rome into a civil conflict lasting 5 years restoring power to the elite

John Bell Hood

He transferred to the 2nd U.S. Cavalry in Texas, was commanded by Col. Albert Sidney Johnston and Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee where he saw action against the Comanches. Upset over his home states neutrality in the Civil War he decided to serve his adopted state of Texas. He joined the Confederate army as a cavalry captain, but by September 30, 1861, was promoted to be colonel of the 4th Texas Infantry. Hood became the brigade commander of the unit that was henceforth known as Hood's Texas Brigade part of the Confederate Army of the Potomac, and was promoted to brigadier general on March 3, 1862. Leading the Texas Brigade as part of the Army of Northern Virginia in the Peninsula Campaign, he established his reputation as an aggressive commander, eager to lead his troops personally into battle, and the Texans quickly gained a reputation as one of the army's elite combat units. At the Battle of Eltham's Landing, his men were instrumental in nullifying an amphibious landing by a Union division. The Texas Brigade was held in reserve at Seven Pines. At the Battle of Gaines's Mill on June 27, Hood distinguished himself by leading his brigade in a charge that broke the Union line, which was the most successful Confederate performance in the Seven Days Battles.

Marco Polo

He traveled from Italy to China during Mongol times and was introduced to Kublai Khan

Marco Polo

He traveled to remote parts of China from Venice on land and upon returning by sea he went to Sumatra, Ceylon, India, and Arabia

Mussolini

He tried to escape as the Allied invasion of Italy advanced. He was captured, shot, then his corpse was hung on display from meat hooks by communist partisans (Italian Resistance)

Which of the following is Alexander's MOST significant accomplishment in Greece? He introduced democracy. He created a space for intellectual discourse. He believed in peace. He unified the nation.

He unified the nation.

Gandhi

He urged the boycott of English goods and protest British policies through nonviolence

Simon Bolivar

He was a Creole from South America who led successful revolutionary movement against Spanish rule

Martin Luther

He was a German monk credited with starting the Protestant Reformation in Europe

James Throckmorton

He was a strict unionist and was elected governor in 1866

Lenin

He was a student of Marxism and put forth the idea that the proletariat would rise up against the bourgeoisie

Sui Yangdi

He was assassinated ending the Sui Dynasty as rebellions broke out in northern China

Toussaint-Louverture

He was captured in Haiti after French troops were ordered to put down the rebellion and died in a French prison

Governor Sam Houston

He was deposed when delegates voted for secession and for refusal to acknowledge the authority of the Confederate States of America

Sam Houston

He was elected Texas' third president

Sunni Ali

He was from the Songhay Empire who successfully led a campaign of expansion to include the city of Timbuktu

Ivan III

He was grand prince of Moscow who developed a policy that encouraged Cossacks (peasants) to settle in the lands that he had conquered

Mao Zedong

He was influenced by Marxist ideas and led the Chinese Civil War efforts as the head of the Red Army defeating the Kuomintang in large part do to support of Chinese peasants

Suleyman the Magnificent

He was known as the Lawgiver for improving the legal system in the Ottoman Empire where laws were based on sharia, or Islamic law

Mandela

He was leader of the African National Congress who was arrested for military protests against apartheid and sentenced to jail for life

Fulgenico Batista

He was overthrown by Castro and took control of Cuba

Porfirio Diaz

He was overthrown by Mexican nationalists to include Zapata, Pancho Villa and the middle class.

DeKlerk

He was president of South Africa and worked with Mandela after releasing him from jail to end Apartheid

Mandela

He was released from jail by President DeKlerk in 1990 and became the first black president of South Africa following the nations first free elections

Stephen F. Austin

He was responsible for actively recruiting Americans from southern states to settle in Texas

Mussolini

He was responsible for establishing the worlds first fascist state

Deng Xiaoping

He was responsible for ordering the attack against the Tienanmen Square protest which showed the he was willing to make economic reforms but not political ones

Da Vinci

He was revered for his technological ingenuity conceptualizing the flying machine, armored vehicle, solar power, double hull, and an adding machine.

Akbar the Great

He was ruler of the Mughal Empire who established the absolute authority of the emperor and a policy of tolerance toward the many religions in his empire

Cabeza de la Vaca

He was shipwrecked and explored Texas and traded with Native Americans

Wilhelm

He was the Prussian king that was named the first leader of the newly united German states in 1871

Stalin

He was the Soviet leader during WWII helping to defeat the Germans and lead during the early stages of the Cold War

Otto von Bismark

He was the chancellor of Prussia, the most powerful of the German states, and led the drive for unifying the German state

King Menes

He was the first Egyptian pharaoh who merged upper and lower Egypt

Martin Luther

He was the founder of the Protestant denomination Lutheranism

Isaac Burnet

He was the interim president during the New Republic and called for an election in order to accomplish four things: approve the constitution, authorize the amendment of the constitution, and elect a president, and consider annexation to the United States.

Edmund Davis

He was the last Republican to hold office as governor in Texas for 100 years

Muhammad

He was the last prophet; both Moses and Jesus were considered prophets in Islam before him

Montezuma

He was the primary architect of the Aztec empire along with his brother Tlcaelel

Stalin

He wound up introducing new economic reforms that allowed the government more control of economic decisions and discouraged competition

Machiavelli

He wrote The Prince which was a guide to gain and keep power through any means necessary and was pat of the Italian Renaissance

Zhu-Xi

He wrote a detailed set of instructions for weddings, funerals, and other family ceremonies stressing personal behavior for social harmony

Jean Jacques Rousseau

He wrote in his work the Social Contract that the monarchy had a duty to protect man and if he failed to protect the natural rights of man, man could and should rebel against the monarch. This would influence the French Revolution as well as the Founding Fathers.

St Helena

Hearing that Prussian troops had orders to capture him dead or alive Napoleon requested asylum from the British who exiled him here where he would remain until his death

Wannsee Conference

Held in January 1942 this meeting discussed and approved the Final Solution

Rome

Here the population was too large for a direct vote unlike its Greek form of government. Instead of voting on issues _____ instituted voting for representatives to vote on issues in the Senate - a process known as republicanism.

Matthew Perry

His arrival in Japan marked the end of 200 years of self imposed isolation

Kublai Khan

His death signaled a decline in the Mongol Empire as a result of financial difficulties.

MLK

His efforts in the Civil Rights movement helped gain protections and secure rights for African Americans and for other ethnic groups as well

Richard Coke

His election as governor was ruled unconstitutional but disregarded this and took office after forcing his way in to the second floor of the state house with deputized sheriffs

MacArthur

His forces occupied Japan following their surrender in WWII

Da Vinci

His genius epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal with his works the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man,

Gorbachev's Reforms

His policies of glasnost and perestroika led people to speak out against the Soviet State contributing to the fall of the USSR

FDR

His policies under the New Deal set the precedent of the government providing a safety net to Americans in need of public assistance

Gorbachev

His policy of perestroika and backing free markets were in direct conflict with communist philosophy

Mussolini

His rise to power was based on his promise of economic recovery and the addition of land to the Italian empire

Sir Francis Drake was the first sea captain to circumnavigate the globe. What else did he do first for England?

His ship was the first English ship to sail up the western coast of America.

Marco Polo

His travels inspired Columbus and others to attempt to find a passage to the East.

Zheng He

His voyages demonstrated China's ability to be a military, political, and economic power in the Indian Ocean

A teacher is presenting a lesson on different subsistence systems. He is presenting information about a group which grows its food through slash and burn farming. Which subsistence strategy is he presenting?

Horticulture

The American colonists were angry that their freedoms were being curtailed. The "Intolerable Acts" really put them over the edge. Which were part of the "Intolerable Acts?" I. They imposed a tax on tea. II. They limited the right to assembly. III. They closed Boston Harbor. IV. They gave more freedom to the British in Canada.

II, III and IV

Amritsar Massacre

In 1919 they assembled to protest the arrest of nationalist leaders Satyapal and Kitchlew in violation of a new law prohibiting such meetings ending with British troops firing on the crowd killing hundreds. This led to the demand for independence

Beer Hall Putsch

In 1923 Hitler attempted to gain control of Germany but failed and was arrested

Hitler

In 1934 He emerged as Germany's new leader

Poland

In 1939, Hitler invaded this country marking the start of WWII with Britain and France coming to this country's aid

Kim Il Sung

In 1950 this communist leader of North Korea invaded South Korea beginning the Korean War

Four Noble Truths

In Buddhism all life involves suffering and by eliminating desire you can eliminate suffering which is part of the _____.

Anglican Church

In England the Protestant Reformation took hold leading Henry the VIII to establish this naming himself as the highest religious authority in the land, and to divorce

Russian Revolution

In February 1917 Czar Nicholas II abdicated the Russian throne ending 300 years of Romanov Rule as a result of this

NSDAP

In Germany this promoted fascism with added elements of militarism and antisemitism

Anschluss

In March 1938 Hitler announced the unification of Austria in this event unifying Germany and Austria that had been divided following WWI with little intervention from the world stage

Petrograd Soviet

In October 1917 the Bolsheviks gained control of the Petrograd soviet and overthrew the provisional government in a bloodless coup

Physical Region

In order to study the physical world in a systematic & manageable way-geologists divide land into physical regions based on similarities: soil types, climates, vegetation, and river systems. (plains, mountains, etc.)

Daimyo

In prior periods these landowning families were allowed to gain power and rule independent of the emperor however the shogun centralized authority taking power away from them

Duma

In response to Bloody Sunday and the petition for representative government, the Czar responded by creating this as Russia's first parliament

Embargo

In response to Castro's aggressive nationalization of industry and land reforms, the US did this to Cuba

Eli Whitney

In the US he saw the potential benefit of developing interchangeable parts military firearms however the problem that remained was the parts were still hand made by skilled craftsmen and still expensive

Which of the following statements correctly describes the series of events leading up to the death of Alexander Hamilton in 1804? Jefferson won the Presidential election of 1800, but there was a tie for Vice-President. Hamilton convinced the Senate to choose Adams over Burr. The rejected Burr subsequently ran for Governor of New York, but Hamilton's diatribes against Burr cost the latter the campaign; Burr shot Hamilton in a duel. In the tied Presidential election of 1800, Hamilton convinced the House to choose Jefferson for President. Burr then became Vice-President. In 1804, rejected as Jefferson's running-mate for the next election, Burr ran for Governor of New York. Hamilton's diatribes against Burr cost the latter the campaign. Burr shot Hamilton in a duel. In the tied Presidential election of 1800, Hamilton convinced the House to choose Burr for President. Jefferson then became Vice-President. In 1804, rejected as Burr's running-mate for the next election, Jefferson ran for Governor of Virginia. Hamilton's diatribes against Jefferson cost the latter the campaign. Jefferson shot Burr in a duel. Jefferson won the Presidential election of 1800, but there was a tie for Vice-President. Hamilton convinced the Senate to choose Burr over Adams. The rejected Adams subsequently ran for Governor of Massachusetts, but Hamilton's diatribes against Adams cost the latter the campaign. Adams shot Hamilton in a duel.

In the tied Presidential election of 1800, Hamilton convinced the House to choose Jefferson for President. Burr then became Vice-President. In 1804, rejected as Jefferson's running-mate for the next election, Burr ran for Governor of New York. Hamilton's diatribes against Burr cost the latter the campaign. Burr shot Hamilton in a duel.

Bantus

In this era they migrated to the eastern coast of Africa developing the Swahili society.

Articles of Confederation

In this original document, a chief executive or president was not included

Great Plains

Include the Texas panhandle, Llano Estacado, Edwards Plateau, Toyah Basin, and Llano Uplift.

Basin and Range Province

Includes the Sand Hills, Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes, and desert grasslands.

Otto von Bismark

Independent German speaking states united to form a single German nation led by

Which of the following events precipitated the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948?

Introduction of the Deutsche Mark

Which of the following terms describes a group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Alaska, Greenland and Canada?

Inuit

Which of the following Native American peoples did the Vikings encounter in 13th Century Greenland?

Inuits

Pearl Harbor

Involving six carriers Japanese attacked in 2 waves disabling 18 ships and destroyed 200 others however they did not destroy the carriers which were out to sea

When the U.S. Constitution was in the process of being ratified, questions arose about a Bill of Rights. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 was an influence on the U.S. Bill of Rights. What is NOT one of the tenets of the English Bill of Rights that continued into the U.S. Bill of Rights? It prohibited the courts from requiring excessive bail It guaranteed the people's right to bear arms. It prohibited the quartering of soldiers in a citizen's home. It prohibited cruel and unusual punishment.

It prohibited the quartering of soldiers in a citizen's home.

Although the First Continental Congress did not declare independence from England, they passed some important resolves. Why were these important?

It united the colonies against British impositions on the colonies.

Constantinople

It was plagued by earthquakes, Black Death, and lost many of its key economic resources leading to its demise.

21 Demands

It was revised to include 13 restoring control back to China in large part because of British intervention and agreed to give control of the Manchurian Railroads to Japan

Corpus

Justinian found himself having to enact further laws in addition to his code which are known as the _____ and had major influences in private law and public law content and became the foundation of law in all civil law jurisdiction and influenced Canon Law of the Church.

Which of the following Acts was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court decision of Hammer v. Dagenhart in 1918? The Adamson Act of 1916. The Chamberlain-Ferris Act of 1916. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916. The Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916

Naval Blockade

Kennedy demanded removal of all nuclear missiles after spotting them from a U2 fly by and set up this cutting the Soviets off from Cuba

Kiowas

Known as the "main people", migrated from western Montana to the Black Hills during the early 1700s. At this time, they obtained horses, which drastically improved their mobility and led to a lifestyle that was rather typical of the other Plain groups who hunted buffalo and lived in tepees. In contrast, they had several characteristics similar to the Aztecs such as drawing pictographic calendars to record tribal events and worshiping similar stone idol. By the 1790s, they had migrated to present-day southern Kansas and Oklahoma, becoming powerful allies of their Comanche and Apache neighbors.

Sapa Inca

Known as the king he is considered to be the son of the sun in the Incan civilization

Missionary period

Known as this, it prospered from 1716-1789

Hulegu

Kublai's brother that conquered the Abbasid Empire in Persia and attempted to expand Syria but failed

The city of Granada, Nicaragua is located on the shores of which of the following bodies of water? Lake Managua. Lake Nicaragua. The Pacific Ocean. The Caribbean Sea.

Lake Nicaragua.

Great Depression

Large surpluses in agriculture and industry led to overproduction and falling prices leading to this.

Rust Belt to Sun Belt migration

Largest intra-American movement since the 1950s. As manufacturing in the South was expanding, American steel and coal industries in the North were on the decline. This led to mass exodus beginning in the 1970s from the American North.

Desert, savanna and rainforest climates occur in low latitudes

Latitudes, lying from 0 to 23.5 degrees latitude. Rain-forest, Savannas, and desert regions (less than ten inches per year on average)

Moses Austin

Leader in the American lead industry and the first American to obtain permission to settle in Texas in 1820. Father of Stephen Austin. After his death, his son Stephen took his place as the leader of the enterprise. In January 3, 1823 his son received a grant to colonize near the Brazos River.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Leading figure of the early women's rights movement who presented the Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls, often credited with initiating the first organized women's rights movements in the US

William B. Travis

Led Texan militants when Mexican troops were sent North. He captured Anahuac on June 30, 1835. He was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel of the Legion of Cavalry; and, he became the chief recruiting officer for a new regular Texan army. Governor Henry Smith ordered him to raise a company of professional soldiers to reinforce the Texans who were then under the command of James C. Neill at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio. He responded with 18 regulars as reinforcements. His claim to fame is the Victory or Death letter from the Alamo in which he died fighting until the end.

Macedonians

Led by Alexander the Great he invaded the Persian Empire spreading the Greek culture, Hellenism

Battle of Tours

Led by Charles Martel the victory here could not have been possible without the Frankish unification of Western Europeans.

Protestant Reformation

Led by Luther who found support after writing his 95 Theses to reform the Catholic Church

Bicameral

Legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.

Which of the following international relations theories arose in response to the inability of States to control and limit war in their international relations? Realism. Liberal Internationalism. Regime Theory. Social Constructivism.

Liberal Internationalism.

4th Amendment

Limited search and seizure

1860

Lincoln elected -doesn't like slavery -tipping point of slavery

Coahuiltecans

Lived near the Rio Grande. They survived on roots, herbs, and cactus plants. Due to their relatively remote location, decimation from disease, and inter-tribal warfare, this tribe became extinct at an early date.

Karankawas

Lived on the gulf between the current sites of Galveston and Corpus Christi. They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who relied on small game and fish for sustenance. They were known for being tall and muscular, wearing very little clothing. They were also famous for practicing ceremonial cannibalism in which they would consume parts of conquered enemies.

Confucius

Living during CHina's Warring States period he sought to restore order

Caddoes

Located in Northern Texas. They were the most culturally advanced group in the region. They had matrilineal society, tracing their lineage through the maternal instead of the paternal line. They were successful agriculturalists who grew maize, beans, watermelons, figs, tobacco, and squash. They were mentioned by the Spanish explorers as "Tejas", which means "friend" in the native language.

Tonkawas

Located in central Texas. They were a mobile tribe much like the Comanches and hunted bison, deer, and an assortment of smaller game. They had early contact with the Spanish resulting in the tribe obtaining horses by the mid-1500s. They were the traditional enemy of the Apaches, often siding with whoever fought against them.

Major elements of the study of geography include

Locations, Regional characteristics, Spatial relations Natural and man made forces that change elements of the earth.

Miss Gonzalez's social studies course is learning how to read maps. She points out the lines that run vertically and which mark the distance east and west of the Prime Meridian. These are known as which of the following? Tropics. Latitude. Contour lines. Longitude.

Longitude

Which of the following is NOT an example of U.S. protectionism? Protectionism usually adds or advocates the addition of international tariffs to restrain trade between nations. Macon's Bill Number 2 did the exact opposite by removing embargoes.

Macon's Bill Number 2

When a court has to hear your case, it is called what?

Mandatory jurisdiction.

Clemenceau and George

Many Allied leaders wanted to punish Germany harshly as these two were the most notable

Push and Pull factors

Many areas have experienced population growth through these factors: -When refugees are forced to leave home country (push) -When Immigrants come to US for new economic opportunities (pull)

Romanov's

Many lost faith in them even after stability was restored and the establishment of the Duma setting the stage for imperial rule.

Emancipated Serfs

Many of them remained on the land while others moved to cities and became the new urban workforce in Russia's push to industrialize

Janissaries

Many of these were young Christian boys taken from the Balkans and forced into the Sultans service, to convert to Islam in return for great privileges and honor

Electoral College

Many times the _____ _____ system has been sited as outdated and should be replaced by a simple popular vote.

Latitude

Measured by the distance from the equator by north and south. The farther either way, the colder the climate & the extremes are the coldest areas on the planet.

What Italian family controlled the Catholic church as well as gave queens to the world? Clement. Antoinette. Da Vinci. Medici.

Medici

Committees

Members of Congressional _____ are appointed usually through House and Senate Majority leaders. Each of these have a reciprocal body in each House (sometimes with different names but oversee the same areas) and may comprise of several different fields such as military affairs or intelligence. These are not static and may change over time however there are some that are mainstays with each House such as Budget and Appropriations

2

Members of the House of Representatives serve _____ years

6

Members of the US Senate serve _____ years

Forbidden City

Members of the imperial family, concubines, court eunuchs were permitted to enter the Inner Court here

Patriarchal Society

Men dominated public life in this society ruling as kings and pharaoh's

Which of these four peaks does not belong to the volcanic mountain range of Tanzania known as the Kilimanjaro? Meru. Kibo. Mawenzi. Shira.

Meru.

Teotihuacan

Mesoamerican city built in Central Mexico that contain the colossal pyramids of the sun and moon.

Iron Age

Mesopotamian's added carbon to increase strength and produce harder sharper edges

1846-1848

Mexican -American War -most war on Mexican land

Manuel Gonzales

Mexican American civil rights leader who played an important role in the founding of organizations like the Mexican Protective League, the Asociacon Juridica Mexicana, the Sons of Texas, and the League of United Latin Citizens. He was an active supporter of the Good Neighbor Commission, which was an agency formed in 1943 to solve social, cultural, and economic difficulties of Mexican Americans.

Hector Garcia

Mexican American doctor and civil rights leader who founded the American G.I. Forum.

The economic activities of many areas are dependent upon the environment for:

Middle East: relies upon oil Coastal villages rely on fishing Wales and Pennsylvania rely upon coal Amazon rain forest people rely on trees Africa relies on gold and diamond mines

Mediterranean, Humid-subtropical,Humid-continental, Marine, and Steppe

Middle Latitudes, found from 23.5 to 66.5 degrees

Commander Charles Griffin

Military commander of Texas during Reconstruction who removed numerous officials throughout the state.

The severe drought known as the Dust Bowl directly affected farming in all of the following states, EXCEPT: Kansas. Missouri. Colorado. Oklahoma.

Missouri

Imperialism

Modern industrial nations sought economic control over weaker nations leading to this

Telegraph

Morse perfected this by proving electric signals could be transmitted by wire using pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet moving a marker to produce codes on a strip of paper: Morse Code

1868 Election

Most conservatives boycotted this leading radicals in favor of full rights to freed slaves to victory

Sui Dynasty

Most elaborate project was the Grand Canal completed under this dynasty.

Democratic-Republican

Most western governments, Europe,north and Some South American countries, have _____ _____ forms of government. They share respect for the freedom of speech, press, religion, and association.

Primary

Multiple states may have a _____ at one time such as the Southwest with Texas, Arizona and New Mexico voting on the same day.

Paleolithic Age

Nomadic groups during this age that traveled in small groups to to follow herds and find new areas of with edible plants.

Alliances form between different countries based on similar interests, political goals, cultural values, or military issues. Example of international alliances include:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Common Market European Union (EU) United Nations (UN) Caribbean Community Council of Arab Economic Unity

Miguel Hidalgo

Notable independence leader, he organized the indigenous and mestizo populations of Mexico

Egyptians

Noted for written language, mummification, paper-making, irrigation 365-day calendar and architecture.

Battle of the Alamo

Occurred on March 6, 1836 when the Mexican army defeated the Texas army decisively. Although this was a victory for Mexico, the cost was incredibly high as Santa Anna lost nearly 600, or one-third of his troops.

Cultural Assimilation

Occurred when Native Americans began to adapt to the Hispanic Culture in Texas. This assimilation initially happened through intermediaries, but eventually from the Spanish themselves.

Constitutional Convention

Occurring in 1787, this originally was meant to amend the Articles of Confederation however delegates came up with two major compromise resulting in the adoption of the Constitution

Which of the following pre-Columbian civilizations was located in the coastal lowlands of south-central Mexico and is known for having carved large stone heads?

Olmec

Which of the following is the value of a product forgone to produce or obtain another product?

Opportunity cost

A person who invests $10,000 in a stock denies themselves the interest they could have earned by leaving the $10,000 dollars in a bank account instead. The value of the lost interest is which of the following? Scarcity. Comparative advantage. Absolute advantage. Opportunity cost.

Opportunity cost.

Bay of Pigs

Ordered by JFK this as an attempt to overthrow Castro

Canada's National Parliament is located in

Ottawa.

Civic Responsibilities

Our government and Constitution provides Americans with many freedoms that are only dreams in other countries. In exchange for these freedoms, citizens are expected to contribute through _____ _____.

Slavery

Outlawed in Mexico Southern Americans ignored this angering the Mexican government

24th Amendment

Outlawed poll taxes in state and federal elections

Middle East

Over a period of 50 years Muslims gained control of the _____ _____ adding to the spread of Islam

Janissaries

Over time, this group sought to gain influence and control over the Ottoman government

Pax Tokugawa

Peace during this brought immense stability and changes to include new crops and population increases with merchants benefiting greatly

Serfdom

Peasants in Russia were forced into this as a result of unpaid debts.

1933

Prohibition ends; Hitler comes into power

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

15th Amendment

Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race color or previous condition of servitude and granted the right to vote to all male citizens 21 years of age or older. This was also the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments

Enlightenment

Promoted by philosophes this is an era from the 1650s to the 1780s in which cultural and intellectual forces in Western Europe emphasized reason, analysis, and individualism rather than traditional lines of authority and challenged authority of institutions deeply rooted in society especially the Catholic Church.

Caliphs

Rapid expansion of Islam was the work of these who spread the word through pilgrimages

Articles of Confederation

Ratification of and changes to this required a unanimous vote

A social studies teacher is working with her students as they learn to locate themselves within the larger context of their state by using geographical skills such as basic orientation and urban context. Which of the following skills is she helping them to build?

Regional context

14th Amendment

Right to due process of law and equal protection of the law

1st Amendment

Right to free speech, press, petition, and exercise of religion

A social studies teacher is most likely to discuss the importance of which of the following in a unit on powerful African kingdoms between 1000 and 1500 AD?

Salt

Joshua Houston

Sam Houston's personal servant and friend. An educated slave, he met some of the most influential men in Texas. In 1862, Sam Houston freed him even though it was technically illegal.

Which of the following was the White daughter of a plantation owner who became an abolitionist?

Sarah Grimke.

Warsaw Pact

Satellite nations joined this to serve as buffer zones between the Soviet Union and the democratic West

At the most basic level, justice can be considered as the socio-political instantiation of the economic principle of:

Scarcity

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

Secretly this was negotiated where Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to divide the countries of northern and eastern Europe into spheres of influence with Poland divided between the two

Battle of Medina

Secured Texas for the Royal Crown during the Mexican War of Independence was fought approximately 20 miles south of San Antonio de Bexar (modern-day downtown San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas) Spanish troops led by General José Joaquín de Arredondo defeated republican forces (calling themselves the Republican Army of the North), consisting of Tejano-Mexican and Tejano-American revolutionaries participating in the Gutiérrez-Magee Expedition, under General José Álvarez de Toledo y Dubois.

Circular Flow of Income and Expenditures

See https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/macroeconomics/gdp-topic/circular-econ-gdp-tutorial/v/circular-flow-of-income-and-expenditures

Louis Juchereau de St. Denis

Sent to east Texas to help set up Missions such as Mission San Francinsco de los Tejas and Mission Santisimo Nombre de Maria. These missions were abandoned in 1693 due to hostilities with Native Americans who blamed the Spanish for a smallpox outbreak. These missions were paramount because they led to the permanence of the European occupation of Texas.

The Yenisei River is located in:

Siberia

Juan O'Donoju

Signed a treaty granting Mexico its independence on August 24, 1821

Gran Colombia

Simon Bolivar had hoped to unify the independent nations of South America into a single state known as this

Which of the following regulates behavior and acts as an informal form of social control? Social role. Social status. Social group. Social norm.

Social norm.

Which of the following is a set of connected behaviors, rights and obligations as conceptualized by those in a social situation?

Social norms

Qualitative Methods

Social studies deals with many different aspects which makes it difficult to put into statistical data. _____ _____ are often used using statements, interviews, and writings that are examined to lead a researcher to a conclusion.

What area studies the foundation in which it explains social life? Psychology. Criminal Justice. Anthropology. Sociology.

Sociology.

Court Packing

Some of FDRs programs from the New Deal were ruled unconstitutional. In response to this, FDR proposed new rules for the Supreme Court that would increase the number of justices and limit the maximum age a justice could serve. Though the public was in support of this, many in government were outraged and dubbed this FDRs _____ _____ scheme.

1950

Soviet Union tested Nuclear weapons

Fray Damian Massanet

Spanish Franciscan priest who co-founded the first mission in New Spain in 1683 with Francisco Hidalgo, the College of Santa Cruz de Queretaro. In April 1689, he accompanied Alonso De León, the governor of Coahuila, on his fourth and final expedition in search of Fort St. Louis, which had been abandoned by the French by that time.For over a decade the priests tried to establish missions in east Texas, but could not obtain proper support from New Spain.

In 1492, Columbus sailed from Spain across the Atlantic to the New World. What other event began in Spain around the same time? The Spanish Armada The Spanish Flu The Spanish Conquest The Spanish Inquisition

Spanish Inquisition

Cabeza de la Vaca

Spanish explorer who explored most of the region that would eventually be known as Texas. He wrote detailed accounts of his dealings with many Native American tribes in the region in La Relacion.

1765

Stamp act -legal documents/papers taxed -tax without representation

What court was used by British monarchs such as Henry VIII to enforce rulings when it was feared other courts were being corrupted?

Star Chamber.

What representative body can call for a new national convention? State legislatures. State governors. House of Representatives. Supreme Court.

State legislatures

Buddhism

Stemming from India this stressed the end of suffering and desires through meditation and was founded by Gautama, later called "the enlightened one"

Which of the following was the earliest language written in Mesopotamia? Aramaic. Semitic. Sumerian. Akkadian

Sumerian.

Acequias

Supplied water to seven missions near San Antonio. The first crop that was grown using irrigation was corn, but soon other crops were successfully grown.

Viceroy Jose de Iturrigaray

Supported the criollo but was removed from office in a coup by the peninsulars during a period of great unrest in New Spain.

Establishment Clause

Supreme Court interpretations of this clause deal with state financial support of religion, school prayer and government supported religious symbols however the court has been inconsistent in its rulings placing limitations on government support of religion while supporting a government entity's right to recognize religion

Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court ruling in this case was meant to set the standard and answer the question of slavery in the US and is widely known as the Dredd Scott case. Even though Scott, a slave, had moved to a free state (later returning with his master to Missouri) the court ruled he was not a citizen and had no standing in court.

Paleolithic Age

Survival during this age depended on foraging as hunter gatherers and it marked a time when fire was discovered.

Womans Suffrage movement included

Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Battle of San Jacinto

Texas forces either killed or captured the entire Mexican army including Santa Anna in eighteen minutes here. Santa Anna ordered his second-in-command, General Vincente Filisola to remove his army from Texas.

Bicameral legislature three branch government

Texas government modeled after the US included these elements

34

Texas has _____ electoral votes

34

Texas has ______ electoral votes

Of all the Intolerable Acts, why did the Quartering Act receive the least amount of protest from the colonists? The colonists enjoyed hosting British soldiers in their homes. The Act only required quartering in unoccupied buildings rather than in private homes. The colonists were paid handsomely for their cooperation. The Quartering Act did not receive the least amount of protest.

The Act only required quartering in unoccupied buildings rather than in private homes.

"We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again." - Nathaniel Greene Nathaniel Greene was a General in the Continental Congress. What fighting tactic is he referring to in this quote? The Americans used open-field fighting tactics to oppose the British. The Americans used classic European field techniques. The Americans devised a new way of fighting the British, more guerrilla and less open field. The Americans devised a new strategy for open field fighting, double rows of musket men.

The Americans devised a new way of fighting the British, more guerrilla and less open field.

Treaty of Nanjing

The British superior military action led to a decisive victory over the Chinese and led to this requiring China to pay for the cost of the Opium War as well as the cost of the destroyed opium

Ming Dynasty

The Chinese merchant grew in wealth and power during this reign and the prosperity was reflected in arts, literature, calligraphy, and landscape art

Justinian's Code

The Digest, Institutes, and Code combined made up ______ _____ and together they were intended to be the sole source of law

Clash of Economic Theories

The Industrial Revolution sparked wide spread debate between capitalism and socialism

Supreme Court

The Judicial Branch is headed by the _____ _____.

Executive Branch

The Lt Governor is part of this branch in Texas government

Containment

The Marshall Plan was designed as part of this to lessen the appeal of communism

Shrine of Guadalupe

The Mexican Shrine that is considered the most sacred place in the western hemisphere and commemorates the visit of the Virgin Mary to Juan Diego, a native in the 16th century.

The Agreement by which the United States Congress admitted two new states in 1820 while maintaining an equal number of slave versus free states is known as: The Monroe Doctrine. The California Compromise. Manifest Destiny. The Missouri Compromise.

The Missouri Compromise

Rivers were very important for travel and transport in the early days of America. Which river is the longest in the United States and where does it empty?

The Missouri empties into the Mississippi

Holocaust

The Nazi regime was responsible for systematically exterminating 6 million Jews, 5 million Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, communists and other undesirables during this

Turkey

The Soviets agreed to disarm the nuclear sites in Cuba as long as the US removed missiles from here and a promise not to invade Cuba

Which of the following was the first direct tax ever levied by Parliament on the colonies? The Boston Port Act. The Quebec Act. The Stamp Act. The Tea Act.

The Stamp Act.

Executive Branch

The State Comptroller is part of this branch in Texas government

Go into Debt

The State of Texas is forbidden to do what?

The slash-and-burn method of agriculture is best known as part of which of the following? The Ice Age. The Stone Age. The Bronze Age. The Paleolithic Age.

The Stone Age.

An immediate bestseller when it was released in 1873, Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days was inspired by two real innovations in transportation which had been completed a few years before the novel's publication. Which of the following throughways did Verne's characters make use of in order to circumnavigate the globe in record time?

The Suez Canal in Egypt and the Trans-Continental Railroad in North America.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

The Supreme Court did hear the case but ruled it did not have any jurisdiction since the tribe was an independent nation with a relationship to the US like that of a ward to its guardian. This case led to Worcester v. Georgia where the Supreme Court did hear and rule on the case in favor of the tribal nation however Andrew Jackson disregarded the ruling tempting the court to enforce it. The US acted on the Indian Removal Act ensuing with the Trail of Tears

Appeal

The Supreme Court hears cases from lower courts that are on ______.

9

The Supreme Court is made up of _____ members who are appointed by the president, confirmed through the Senate, and serve for life.

Two consecutive terms

The Texas Constitution forbade presidents from this, a departure from the US Constitution at the time

150

The Texas House of Representatives has this many members

31 members

The Texas Senate has this many members

Two years

The Texas State Budget is good for how many years?

Balanced budget

The Texas budget must always be

Bastille

The Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and declared themselves a National Assembly following shortly afterwards they stormed this spreading the French Revolution from Paris to the country

National Assembly

The Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and declared themselves this

War Guilt Clause

The Treaty of Versailles included this where Germany accepted complete responsibility for the war

Appearing in brown on this world image, this geographic area is known for having average temperatures of minus 10 degrees Celsius. What is it?

The Tundra

In 1943, the "zoot suit" riots in Los Angeles caused city officials to prohibit the wearing of "zoot suits." What was this riot about?

The U.S. government allowing Mexican workers in to help alleviate the manpower shortage

Peace of Amiens

The UK would later break this accord and begin Napoleonic Wars

Communist Bloc

The US accepted the creation of this with the rationale that communism would not be eliminated but stopped from spreading

Space

The US and USSR competed to be the first here which turned out to be a full scale tech race

1952

The US occupation of Japan ended though the US still maintains bases in Japan

2000 Presidential Election

The _____ _____ _____ where Gore received 200,000 more popular votes than Bush is the most recent issue with the Electoral College.

Mayan Calendar

The _____ _____ set agricultural patterns and the ritual year set daily activities. They divided the year into 13 months each with 20 days.

NATO

The admission of Germany into this in 1955 led to the Soviet formation of the Warsaw Pact

A social studies teacher is most likely to discuss which of the following in a unit on the Paleolithic Period? The advent of flint tool making. The advent of farming. The advent of animal husbandry. The rise of monotheism.

The advent of flint tool making.

Industrial Revolution

The affairs of Europe, including the French Revolution and Napoleon and Englands economic and political stability allowed for this to occur

Appeasement

The annexation of the Sudetenland was an example of this which would bolster Hitler's aggressive build up to WWII.

Kingdom of Kongo

The arrival of the Portuguese in this kingdom became its first contact with Europeans with devastating results

Limited Government

The citizenry has significant power to influence the rule of law and where government is kept to a minimal size.

Lorenzo de Zavala

The constitution of the Republic of Texas was written by him.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of new fod products through this led a population increase across the globe

Boxer Rebellion

The failed attempt of this led to the Russian invasion of Manchuria where, later, the Russians were defeated by the Japanese

Fall of the Soviet Union

The failed invasion of Afghanistan contributed to this as resources were strained to support an unpopular attempt to expand Soviet influence

Concessions

The failure of the Boxer Rebellion led to Qing giving more of these to include paying for damages to foreign held property

Iwo Jima Saipan Okinawa

The fall of these islands gave US bombers access to Japanese mainland

Elevation

The farther away from sea level, the colder it is

The Battle of the Coral Sea, northwest of Australia, was an epic battle between the U.S. and Japan in early May 1942. What was unusual about this naval battle? The Japanese won. The fighting ships never saw each other. The first metal ships were used in battle. The U.S. navy won.

The fighting ships never saw each other

San Francisco

The final version of the UN charter provisions were solidified here in 1945

Song Taizu

The first emperor of the Song Dynasty who started a policy of distrust of military leaders

Hongwu

The goal of this emperor was to purge all signs of Mongol rule.

Research Questions

The key to formulating _____ _____ is being as specific as possible.

Prince Henry of Lisbon wanted his sailors to travel to the Orient. Why did he need sailors? He wanted to get there first. He wanted to cash in on the ship building industry. The land routes were dangerous and difficult. The land routes were needing to be mapped.

The land routes were dangerous and difficult.

Which of the following statements best describes the outcome of the so-called Connecticut, or Great Compromise? The national legislature would be split into two branches, one retaining the "one state, one vote" format of the legislature as previously structured by the Articles of Confederation; the other bearing representation in proportion to the population of free inhabitants of the states. The national legislature would be split into two branches, one hosting ministers elected directly by the people of each state and serving three-year terms; the other housing officials elected indirectly by the people through special electors and serving lifelong terms. The national legislature as structured by the Articles of Confederation would be retained, but would be granted powers to raise taxes and regulate commerce, as well as to elect one or several executives who would serve a limited term, and be subject to recall by state governors. The national legislature would have the power to elect the governors of the individual states, as well as the power to veto legislation passed in any of the states, and the national executive would be elected by a special college of electors who would be appointed by the national legislature.

The national legislature would be split into two branches, one retaining the "one state, one vote" format of the legislature as previously structured by the Articles of Confederation; the other bearing representation in proportion to the population of free inhabitants of the states.

Second Amendment

The original intent of the amendment was to guarantee the right of states to maintain an armed militia

Popular Vote

The outcome of the _____ _____ in November determines which electors actually get to cast votes for their party's candidate

Chinese Nationalism

The overthrow of the emperor came as a result of the rise of revolution and this across China

Lithosphere

The part of the earth that is land: rock and soil

Hydrosphere

The part of the earth that is made of water-rivers, lakes & oceans

After the abdication of Tsar Nicholas in early 1917, which of the following prevented the establishment of constitutional democracy in Russia? The return of Lenin from exile in Switzerland. Royalist soldiers seizing the Winter Palace by force. The Tsar's absence leaving a chaotic political vacuum. Russian Parliament, or Duma, burned down.

The return of Lenin from exile in Switzerland.

Patrick Henry made a fiery speech in 1775 to the Virginia Convention. What was he arguing for when he said "Give me liberty or give me death?"

The right for Americans to arm a citizen's militia

Louis the Pius

The son of Charlemagne he succeeded the throne but lost control of his bureaucracy.

1821

The year that Mexico gained its independence from Spain and the beginning of American settlement in Texas

The Law of April 6 1830

The year the Mexican government forbid further American colonists from settling in TexasVoided the empresario contracts that did not comply with Mexican law. The law further curtailed immigration from the United States and the bringing of slaves into Mexico, and provided military forts to police the borders. This law was unpopular among not only American settlers but also Mexican political leaders who believed that American immigration into Texas only strengthened their economic viability.

1835

The year the Texas Revolution officially began

Ming Dynasty

Their economic policies led to an increase in commercial activity and an increase in population

Comanche, Apache, Kiowa

These Native American tribes lived on the plains

Sunni

These are Muslims who accepted Abu Bakr as the first Caliph and were known as the people of tradition and unification

Shiite

These are Muslims who believe that Ali was divinely appointed as the successor to Muhammad and as the first Imam

Delegated Powers

These are defined by Article I of the Constitution and are denied to the states since they are specifically given to the federal government such as Congress' power to declare war

Electoral votes

These are established equal to the number of representatives and senators each state has

Lagging indicators

These are indicators that usually change after the economy as whole does such as duration of unemployment, changes to the Consumer Price Index and prime rate charged by banks.

Conference Committee

These are join committees that are formed to reconcile bills that are passed by the House and Senate usually attempting to come up with a compromise version of a bill

Ulama

These are known as religious experts in the Abbasid Dynasty

Roads

These are one of the lasting contributions of the Romans where engineers developed an intricate process for building them and eventually linking to the Silk Road

Interest Groups

These are organizations that seek to influence government to achieve a goal through lobbying and can even endorse candidates for public office.

Primary Source

These are original materials that have not been altered such as a survey (census), an artifact, document, recording, photographs, newspapers, speech, letters from something or someone who was present during the event.

Standing Committee

These are permanent committees in the House and Senate that specialize in areas of legislation

Reserved Powers

These are powers not listed in the Constitution

Enumerated and Delegated Powers

These are powers that are listed in the Constitution and given to the legislative branch

Veto special session appointments

These are the powers of the Texas governor

Guilds

These arose to limit workers so that wages remained high

Political Ad

These can be used by special interest groups or political parties to achieve a goal or help in an election.

Mesoamerica

These civilizations emerged along lakes and sea coasts rather than rivers.

Joint Committee

These consist of members of both the House and Senate performing oversight in specific areas without legislative proposals

Tribunes

These developed later in Rome as civil unrest occurred because the plebeians were nit represented and had the right to intervene in all political affairs and veto

Unions

These emerged during the industrial revolution to protect workers rights

Military bases

These emerged throughout Texas bringing numerous jobs and economic revenue

Ottoman Austro-Hungarian

These empires were broken up at the end of WWI with much of this becoming he Middle East under the mandate of the British an French and the formation of new nations in Europe

Acyclical Indicators

These have little or no correlation to the business cycle and may rise or fall when the economy is doing good or bad.

Trade Arrangements

These held the Abbasid Dynasty together which was conducted with China, India, and Africa

Satellite States

These included Soviet occupied nations at the end of WWII with a communist government set up in Poland

Vedas

These included songs, hymns, prayers honoring Aryan gods and were handed down by Brahmin priests

Tanks

These made there first real appearance during WWI as a British development to break the trench warfare stalemate

Countercyclical Indicators

These move in the opposite direction of the general economy such as the unemployment rate which rises when the economy is doing badly.

Ur Babylon

These two cities emerged in Mesopotamia

Muslim League INC

These two groups split after independence when their was support for the creation of a new Muslim nation - Pakistan

France Britain

These two nations took control of the Middle East to include Iraq and Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

Leading Indicators

These usually change before the economy as a whole changes and are useful as short term predictors of the economy.

Secondary Source

These usually involve generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation or evaluation of the original information (primary source) such as an encyclopedia, textbook, a biography, or newspaper article written after an event occurred.

Afghan Mujahideen

These were Islamic warriors that were backed by the US, Iran, China, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

Auschwitz Belzec Treblinka

These were concentration camps where methods such as gassing, electrocution, flamethrowers, phenol injections, machine guns and grenades were used to exterminate Jews and other prisoners

Mandarins

These were emissaries established in the Ming Dynasty that were sent out to enforce government policies

Mandate System

These were established in the former German colonies and in territories once belonging to the Ottoman Empire

Crusades

These were five holy wars declared by Pope Urban II against the Muslims to recapture Jerusalem and Palestine

Babylonians

These were great warriors best known for establishing high standards of behavior and stern punishments for violators

Nuremberg Laws

These were instituted in Germany under Hitler aimed at curbing Jewish involvement and worth in the Reich

12 Tables

These were meant to provide a standardized system of law throughout the early Roman Empire that established the basic rights of defendants with innocence until proven guilty, jurists, and power residing with a judge

Red Guards

These were mostly young students trained in Marxist thought who sought out opposition to Mao and his policies

Hebrews

These were nomads who settled between Mesopotamia and Egypt and developed the worlds first monotheistic religion.

Vedas

These were originally passed down orally when they were recorded in Sanskrit

Follow Mexican laws, convert to Catholicism

These were part of the agreement with American colonists to settle in Texas

Federalist Papers

These were published around the US to explain the Constitution and garner support for approving it.

Manors

These were self-sufficient communities with vast farm land, markets and usually a small monastery

Janissaries

These were soldiers in the Ottoman Empire that were trained to protect and serve the sultan

Shoguns

These were supreme military leaders that sought to centralize their authority and maintain stability

Phoenicians

They are responsible for developing a writing system of 22 symbols and formed the foundation of the modern alphabet (phonics or phonetic alphabet)

Mayans

They built 80 large ceremonial centers which included pyramids, palaces and temples one of which is located in Chichen Itza

United Nations

They condemned the North's invasion and under a multilateral force led by the US they fought and pushed back the North prompting China to enter the Korean War.

Aryans

They developed a complex caste system formed around skin color

Mayans

They developed terrace farming, writing, 365 day calendar and the concept of zero.

Jesuits

They emerged as a result of the Counter Reformation and played a significant role as missionaries to stop the spread of Protestant ideas

Sufis

They focused on a personal relationship with Allah rather than a strict interpretation of Islam

Qing Dynasty

They followed the political example of Ming ruling through a highly centralized system of scholar-bureaucrats

Which of the following is TRUE about primary groups? They are usually large in size. They frequently last for long periods of time. They are institutional more often than not. They are formal relationships.

They frequently last for long periods of time.

Lieutenant Governor and Speaker of the House

They get to decide what legislation will be considered during legislative session making them more powerful than the governor

Francisco Javier Vanegas and General Felix Maria Calleja

They had Hidalgo's army on retreat toward northern provinces. At Monte de las Cruces, at the gates of Mexico City, 80,000 insurgents under Hidalgo and Ignacio Allende defeated the royalists on October 30, 1810. There was panic in Mexico City. However, in a moment of apparent indecision, Father Hidalgo ordered a retreat toward Valladolid where these two pursued and ultimately decimated the insurrection.

Sumerians

They had advanced irrigation systems, a number system, and built Ziggurats

Boxers

They had imperial support for their efforts which included attacking and killing foreigners and Chinese Christians and was also backed by the rise nationalist sentiment

Aryans

They invaded the Indus River Valley

Gupta Dynasty

They laid the foundations of this empire by making alliances with families in the Ganges and left government to the locals bringing prosperity and stability. Its decline was from the invasion by the White Huns

Caliphs

They led independent military forces that allowed the Abbasid Dynasty to grow

Vikings

They looked to colonize elsewhere once regional states in Europe emerged

Aztecs Texcoco Tlacopan

They made up the triple alliance where the Aztecs left local governments in place as long as they paid

Comanches

They migrated to Texas from Wyoming during the 1600s. By the late 1600s, they acquired horses by raiding Pueblo villages. They were the most skilled tribe in terms of horse breeding and training. They were feared and respected for their great mobility, horsemanship, and ferocity during warfare.

Aztecs

They migrated to central Mexico and established an empire based on military conquest seizing women and land from neighbors

Political Party

They nominate presidential candidates, recruit and screen potential candidates for all offices, conduct get out the vote campaigns and promote issues and platforms

United Nations

They organized a cease fire with the Soviets withdrawing after 9 years in 1989. Because of the political instability in the region the Taliban gained control in 1994

Golden Horde

They overran Russia and explored Poland, Hungary, and Eastern Germany

Shang Dynasty

They practiced ancestor worship using oracle bones to divine the future.

Tang Dynasty

They restored peace and stability after the fall of the Sui Dynasty

Romanov's

They ruled Russia until 1917 and were the last royal czar family of Russia

Visigoths Germans Attila the Hun

They sacked Western Rome ending their reign

Ottoman Empire

They sacked and conquered Constantinople following a 7 week siege and was established Istanbul as the capital of this empire.

Phoenicians

They settled in present-day Lebanon, north of Israel, known as seafarers who dominated trade in the Mediterranean basin.

Nazi Party

They severely limited peoples civil liberties outlawing all other political parties and took control of the police force

What was true of the people living in North America in the 15th century? They spoke a common language. They spoke at least 250 different languages. They were not farmers. They belonged to one large tribe.

They spoke at least 250 different languages.

Qin Dynasty

They unified and ended the Warring States by attacking one province at a time; period in China and ruled with a centralized bureacracy.

Mughal Empire

They unified much of the subcontinent in India and under the leadership of Akbar established a strong empire in the region

Sepoys

They were Indian soldiers employed under the British government to protect their interests

Mughals

They were an Islamic minority ruling over a Hindu majority in this empire

Kingdom of Kongo

They were converted to Christianity by the Portuguese but were also raided for slave labor in the sugar mills of Brazil

Plains Indians

They were displaced to accommodate the increase in ranches

Roman Inquisition

They were given authority to arrest, imprison, and/or excommunicate Catholics in an attempt to end heresy

Red Guards

They were given authority to rid China of opposition during the Cultural Revolution

Daimyo

They were local leaders in Japan

The location of the West African countries Mali and Ghana encouraged their growth because: They had a wealth of agriculture. They were located on the trade routes. They were safely nestled in the mountains. Mali and Ghana were not influenced by their location.

They were located on the trade routes.

African Slaves

They were most often POWs, was viewed as a symbol of wealth and power, and were traded with Muslims across Europe, middle East, and India

Lipans

They were one of the most important subgroups of the Apaches in Texas. Initially, they had made serious trouble by raiding tribes for food and plunder. They were mainly a nomadic group subsisting on hunting-gathering and raiding other tribes. They gained horses after raiding Spanish and Pueblo settlements, which made them even more formidable.

Tejanos

They were opposed to the dictatorship of Santa Anna and joined the Anglo-American colonists in battle

Aryans

They were originally pastoral nomads that migrated south and established small communities in northern India replacing Harappan civilization

Millets

They were permitted to maintain their own traditional religious beliefs, in exchange for not undermining the sultans authority, in Judaism, Greeks and Armenians

Persians

They were regarded as one of the greatest militaries in history due to its unlimited manpower and resources

Daimyo

They were regional warlords in Japan that controlled the land and economy.

Franciscan monks from Spain

They were responsible for setting up numerous missions throughout Texas and the American Southwest

Kingdom of Kongo

They were sacked by the Portuguese when they appealed for an end to slave trade.

Einsatzgruppen

They were the German SS action squads that began exterminating Jews following the invasion of the Soviet union in June 1941

Etruscans

They were the first Italians

Serfs

They were tied to the land and though not slaves they could be sold

Songhay Empire

They wound up controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes

Caddoes

This American Indian tribes inhabited present day Texas and is best known for construction of ceremonial mounds

State of Qin

This Chinese state used legalism to gain control and unify China

Simon Bolivar

This Creole was inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the success of the American and French Revolution

Rhineland

This Germany territory was retaken by Hitler in 1936, the first of his aggressive moves, in clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles as Germany was banned from occupying any territory west of the Rhine

Ottoman Empire

This Islamic Empire spread quickly as they took control of much of the Middle East extending their control into the Balkans and Crimean Peninsula creating a multinational empire

Matteo Ricci

This Jesuit scholar from Europe traveled to the Ming court as a representative of Western efforts to bring Christianity to the East and the hopes of Missionaries to win approval of Chinese emperors

Coahuiltecans

This Native American tribe lived along the Gulf

COMECON

This Soviet plan offered increased trade in astern Europe and the Soviet Union in an effort to supplement funds not being received by denying the Marshall Plan

Miranda v. Arizona

This Supreme Court Case ruled that those arrested must be advised of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney.

Plessy v. Ferguson

This Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of separate but equal and stood for over 60 years until Brown v. Board of Education

Bakke v. Regents of UCLA

This Supreme Court ruling established that using affirmative action criteria in admitting students to medical school was Constitutional however it ruled that specific quotas, such as setting aside 16 out of 100 seats for minority students, were not permissible. However the question of the legality of voluntary affirmative action programs initiated by universities was left unresolved.

Michael E. DeBakey

This Texan revolutionized medical care by inventing a major component of the heart-lung machine and making open heart surgery possible?

Containment

This US policy ensured the intervention on behalf of South Korea following the North's invasion

Peace of Amiens

This accordance with the UK gave Napoleon the pretext for endowing himself Consulate for life with a second national referendum held to confirm Napoleon as First Consul for Life instead of the 10 years provided to him in the First Consul

Atlantic Slave Trade

This accounted for 11 million Africans that made the Middle Passage to arrive in the Americas

Checks and Balances

This allows for a system based regulation that allows one branch to limit another and to hold each branch responsible to the assertion of powers as appointed by law.

Thirteenth Amendment

This amendment abolished slavery

Twenty Fourth Amendment

This amendment banned all poll taxes in federal primary and general elections

Third Amendment

This amendment bans quartering soldiers

Twelfth Amendment

This amendment changed the electoral process if no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes the House of Representatives would vote for the president and the Senate would vote for the vice president.

Twelfth Amendment

This amendment changed the process of how electors would vote for the president and vice president; electors vote for a presidential ticket, to include a VP.

Twenty Fifth Amendment

This amendment clarifies that if there is a vacancy for vice president the president will nominate a replacement with a majority from both Houses of Congress voting to confirm

Fourth Amendment

This amendment deals with privacy rights even though the word "privacy" is not in the amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

This amendment defines citizenship and forbids the state from denying its citizens the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, equal protection under the law and due process of life, liberty, and property

Tenth Amendment

This amendment defines federalism where delegated powers are given to the federal government and those powers not denied to the states are reserved to the states and the people

Sixteenth Amendment

This amendment enables the federal government to impose an income tax that could be progressive in nature with those earning the most money paying the most taxes. Prior to this amendment, attempts to impose an income tax that was progressive were ruled unconstitutional

Eighth Amendment

This amendment establishes bail procedures giving the accused the right to post bail that is based on the nature of the crime and history of the accused

Eleventh Amendment

This amendment establishes state sovereignty protecting states from lawsuits against them from citizens of their own state, other states, or foreign countries. Congressional laws are decided in the Supreme Court

Twenty Fifth Amendment

This amendment establishes that the vice president will succeed the president if the president is removed from office, dies in office, or resigns.

Twenty Sixth Amendment

This amendment extended the right to vote to citizens 18 years of age or older in federal and state elections

Nineteenth Amendment

This amendment gave women the right to vote and gives Congress the authority to pass legislation to enforce this.

Sixth Amendment

This amendment gives the individual the protections guaranteed during a trial

Fifteenth Amendment

This amendment gives the right to vote to former slaves and prohibits states from denying the right to vote based on race

Twenty Third Amendment

This amendment grants the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.) the right to three electors in Presidential elections.

Fifth Amendment

This amendment guarantees just compensation by the government if property is taken from an individual known as eminent domain

Ninth Amendment

This amendment guarantees that those undefined rights not listed in the Constitution cannot be taken away from the people

Seventh Amendment

This amendment guarantees the right of a trial by jury for civil trials

Second Amendment

This amendment has been interpreted as the people's right to bear arms

Tenth Amendment

This amendment in its simplest of terms states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.

Fifth Amendment

This amendment includes protection against double jeopardy

Fifth Amendment

This amendment includes the right of an individual not to testify against himself

Fifth Amendment

This amendment includes the right to an indictment obtained by the police that charges a person with a crime

Fourth Amendment

This amendment is the first due process that is included as part of the Bill of Rights. Police must follow the dictates of this amendment in gathering evidence against an individual.

Fifth Amendment

This amendment is the guarantee of due process before a person's life, liberty, or property can be taken

Fourth Amendment

This amendment is usually known as unreasonable search an seizure where a warrant is necessary if there is probable cause in order for evidence to be obtained

Twenty Second Amendment

This amendment limits the office of the president to two terms

Eleventh Amendment

This amendment more clearly defines the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court concerning a suit brought against a state by a citizen of another state.

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for a speedy and public trial

Twenty Second Amendment

This amendment provides for a successor VP to the presidency as a result of the presidents death, who has not served more than two years of the term of the president they replaced, the vice president can run for and serve as president for two terms.

Seventeenth Amendment

This amendment provides for direct elections of US Senators by the people in the states.

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for the accused having the right to confront witnesses

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for the court to inform the accused of the nature of the charges

Seventeenth Amendment

This amendment provides for the governor of the state to fill a US Senate vacancy

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for the right of the accused to call witnesses for the defense

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for the right of the accused to obtain a lawyer

Sixth Amendment

This amendment provides for the trial taking place in the geographic location where the crime was committed

Eighth Amendment

This amendment provides the right against excessive bail

Twenty First Amendment

This amendment repealed the 18th Amendment concerning prohibition

Twenty Seventh Amendment

This amendment requires that any law that increased the pay of legislators may not take effect until after an election.

Twentieth Amendment

This amendment set new start dates for the terms of the Congress and the President, and clarifies how the deaths of Presidents before swearing-in would be handled.

Fourth Amendment

This amendment states that "the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers..." is the basis of the privacy right

Twenty Fifth Amendment

This amendment states that if a president is disabled and the vice president and a majority of the cabinet inform Congress that the president cannot carry out their duties, the vice president assumes the office until the president informs Congress that they are ready to resume the office

Habeas Corpus

This application to the law is that an individual cannot be detained without being charged with a crime.

Article 5

This article details the method of amending or changing the Constitution

Industrialization

This aspect that contributed to WWI was competition for control of foreign markets and access to materials and resources.

The Fair Housing Act 1968

This banned discrimination in housing based on race

Waterloo

This battle would be Napoleons defeat as he had marched against the allies who were planning to capture or kill him because of his return

Cattle

This became a major aspect of ranching and farming life in Texas

Ghana

This became increasingly important as a result of increased trans-Saharan trade due to gold acquired from the south

Golden Horde

This became the last faction of the Mongol Empire in the Caucasus and the Crimean peninsula until the 15th century

Abbasid Dynasty

This began as a result of the end of the Umayyad Dynasty from a rebellion in Persia led by Abu-al Abbas

Haitian Revolution

This began as a slave revolt where enslaved Africans rebelled against French settlers in Haiti

Industrial Revolution

This began in England due to the availability of workers, natural resources, canal network, wealthy investors, and a government that encouraged capitalist efforts

Italian Renaissance

This began in Florence, Italy that was financed by wealthy Italians

On the Origin of Species

This book was written by Darwin and is considered the foundation of evolutionary biology

Declaration of Independence

This borrowed ideas from Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu

Judicial Branch

This branch interprets the laws passed by Congress and the Executive usually through court processes. In some cases electoral issues concerning presidential elections have been brought before this branch though this is not a specified power.

Executive Branch

This branch is responsible for executing laws, vetoing bills, acts as Commander in Chief of the military, appoints members to the Supreme Court, presides over the Senate (VP), and uses the bully pulpit in support for or against bills or for other actions. This branch also has the pocket veto (failure to sign a bill in 10 days without actually "vetoing" it) and can appoint executives to a cabinet position without a confirmation process.

Eastern Orthodox Church

This broke away from the authority of Rome and established itself as a major factor in Greece and Russia

Russian Empire

This broke free of the Mongol Empire with Muscovite princes taking control of this eliminating the authority of local princes

Atlantic Slave Trade

This came as a demand for cheap labor to work on plantations and mines in the New World

American Revolution

This came as a result of the French and Indian War where the 13 British colonies in North America resented the taxation levied to pay off the war debt and infringement on other rights ending Britain's salutary neglect on the colonies

Lobbying

This can be direct such as conferences with elected officials or it can be indirect such as financing ads to gain support for a cause.

Habeas Corpus

This can be suspended by Congress during war

Social Science Inquiry

This can be used as a scientific approach to social studies that enables students to think of problems, create a hypothesis, examine evidence and form educated conclusions

Bias

This can mean one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind.

Marbury v. Madison

This case set the precedent of Judicial Review prompted in part by Adams Midnight Judges and the failure of the incoming administration to send a commission to a judge appointed by him.

Egypt

This civilization emerged with agricultural settlements in the Nile River Valley

Social Darwinism

This concept was used to explain why some businessmen are more successful than others and later served as justification for European capitalist powers to control other nations

Article 6

This concerns the US guaranteeing that the US assumes all debts and contracts entered under the Articles of Confederation and sets the Constitution and all laws and treaties of the US to be the supreme law of the country.

Article 4 Section 3

This concerns the admittance of new states and control of federal lands

Article 4

This concerns the states

Disease

This contributed greatly to the decline of native peoples in the Americas

Scott v. Sanford

This controversial case established that Congress had no power to to prohibit slavery in a territory thus voiding the Missouri Compromise

Court of Appeals

This court hears criminal appeals

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that had the responsibility of reporting and investigating complaints of job discrimination

Bantu

This culture of Africans was noted for its movement across Africa that had an established language, tools, and the establishment of segmentary societies

Juneteenth June 19 1865

This date and moniker marked the official beginning of Reconstruction in Texas

Saint Domingue

This declared its independence in 1804 and was renamed Haiti however the US refused to recognize the new republic

Heian Period

This declined in Japan from a failure of the equal field system where land was concentrated into the hands of a small group of the wealthy

Communist Manifesto

This defined class struggle as the proletariat working to make money while the bourgeoisie obtained their income from the work of the proletariat and the perception of the bourgeoisie exploiting the working class

Article I Section 2

This defines the House of Representatives and the requirements to serve at 25 years of age, US citizen for 7 years, resident of the state, 2 year terms elected by the people, the House is divided among the states proportionally by size and establishes the leader of the House as the Speaker

Article 1 Section 3

This defines the upper house of Congress as the Senate with requirement to serve at 30 years of age, US citizen for 9 years, resident of the state, serving for six years elected by the people, and that each state will have the equal suffrage. It also introduces the VP who leads the Senate who does not have a vote unless there is a tie

Article 3 Section 3

This defines what the crime of treason is

Media

This delivers what is considers newsworthy to the American public

Communist Manifesto

This described class struggle, the evils of capitalism that influenced reform movements throughout Europe and became the backbone of numerous political parties to include the Bolsheviks

Article I Section 7

This details how a bill becomes a law with bills raising money starting in the house first. It also states that the president can sign, veto, or pocket veto a bill. A pocket veto can occur without the president signing a bill while Congress is adjourned. This also states how Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority

Article 7

This details methods for ratification of the Constitution, with 9 of the 13 original colonies needed to approve it

Detente

This deteriorated was US relations with China improved and following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Marble Cake Federalism

This developed as a result of New Deal legislation where federalism is defined as the intrusion of national government into state government authority. Both cooperate and the people get the benefit of services provided by both state and fed

Fascism

This developed as both Germany and Italy were faced with economic depression and in desperate need of strong leaders

Factory System

This developed during the Industrial Revolution as a way to house large and expensive machines in a single location near a source of power to mass produce goods

Caste System

This developed over time that were divided into four main varnas or social classes.

Bubonic Plague

This did not spread to Scandinavia due to cold winters

Oil and gas

This dominated the Texas economy until the 1980s when it dipped to $7

Mass Production

This drove down the price of consumer items with the resulting increase in demand encouraging the development of quicker methods of production

Treaty of Portsmouth

This effectively ended the Russo-Japanese War with the Russians suffering significant and numerous defeats

Magna Carta

This effectively put the English King and all of England's future sovereign's within a rule of law.

Magna Carta

This effectively was the first written constitution in European history to include 63 clauses benefiting elite classes with the majority of English citizens not receiving a voice in government.

Sui Dynasty

This emerged after centuries of turmoil following the Han Dynasty restoring peace and order

Arms Race

This emerged as nations sought to create the worlds strongest armies and was a factor that began WWI

Fascism

This emerged in Italy and Germany in the interwar period characterized by extreme nationalism and state control over all aspects of life

Social Darwinism

This emerged in the 1870s in an attempt to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics

Sharia Law

This emphasized male domination, descent through the male line, male inheritance, strict control of women

Mughal Empire

This empire began to decline as Emperors abandoned policies of religious tolerance and the arrival of Europeans posing a serious challenge to their rule

Safavid Empire

This empire consolidated their control over modern-day Iran ruling until 1736

Mughal Empire

This empire granted concessions to allow the British to trade in India

Qing Dynasty

This empire taught Manchu rulers Confucian beliefs and applied these principles to governing China

Incas

This empire was established through military conquest in Peru where they settled around Lake Titicaca

Safavid Empire

This empire was responsible for establishing the Shiite sect of Islam as the official religion

Holy Roman Empire

This encompassed Germany and at times eastern Europe and Italy

Detente

This encouraged cooperation in environmental research, space exploration, health research, and cultural diffusion

Socialism

This encouraged workers to take control and create a classless society putting the means of production into the hands of the people

National Assembly

This ended as unhappiness grew with the constitutional monarchy leading to the creation of a new constitution

French Invasion of Russia

This ended in disaster when his troops were unable to continue fighting in the harsh conditions

Treaty of Shimonoseku

This ended the Sino-Japanese War where the Qing agreed to stay out of Korea, gave up its rights to parts of Manchuria, and ceded Taiwan to Japan

Cultural Revolution

This ended when Mao Zedong died

Chinese Civil War

This ensued following Sun Yat-sen's Republic that began as a conflict between the Kuomintang and Communist parties.

Article 4 Section 4

This ensures a republican form of government - representative democracy - opposition to monarchy wit the state deriving its powers from the people and guarantees the federal government will protect state against invasion or insurrection

Third Estate

This equaled 95% of the French population of which representatives met with the king to convince him to approve political reforms that would accord them more rights and protections

Neolithic Revolution

This era is called the New Stone Age where the earliest methods of cultivation was slash and burn agriculture

Bronze Age

This era was marked by metallurgy originating with the use of copper mixed with tin and were first used in Mesopotamia

British East India Company

This established forts in Madras and Bombay to protect its commercial interests and controlled trade in India

SALT I

This established limits and restraints on US and USSR weapons programs

Bill of Rights

This establishes a basic definition of civil liberties

Article 1 Section 6

This establishes how members of Congress will be paid, that they cannot be detained while traveling to and from Congress and that they cannot hold any other office in government while in Congress.

Article 2 Section 4

This establishes impeachment

Article 1 Section 5

This establishes that Congress must have a minimum number of members present in order to meet and that fines may be set for members who do not show. Members may be censured, each house must keep a journal to record votes, and neither house may adjourn without permission of the other

Article 1 Section 4

This establishes that states may use their own methods for electing members of Congress and requires Congress to meet once year

Article 2

This establishes the Executive branch

Article 3

This establishes the Judiciary Branch

Article 3 Section 1

This establishes the Supreme Court and sets terms of judges that they serve as long as they are on good behavior

Article 2 Section 3

This establishes the duties of the president such as the State of the Union Address, make suggestions to Congress, act as head of state by receiving ambassadors, and carrying out the laws of the US

Article I

This establishes the first of three branches of government, the Legislature

Article I Section 1

This establishes the name of the Legislature to be Congress as a bicameral body

Protestant Reformation

This extended beyond Germany into England and Switzerland

Napoleonic Code

This extended to political and legal equality to all French men and religious toleration was promoted

Byzantine Empire

This fell in the Lower Danube region

Papacy

This feudal monarchy spread in Italian City States

Eleanor of Aquitaine

This figure encouraged good manners, refinement and romantic love

Thomas Aquinas

This figure suggested that God's existence did not depend on faith but could be rationally proven

Decolonization

This followed after World War II where mother countries of colonies could no longer maintain control as they attempted to repair the damage on their own war-torn lands

Song Dynasty

This followed the Tang Dynasty but encountered great financial and military problems with too big a bureacracy and military failures.

Truman Doctrine

This foreign policy was aimed at the containment of communism with a US pledge to resist its spread led to increased tensions between the US and USSR

Parliamentary Government

This form of government chooses its prime minister from its legislative body to serve as the executive of the country.

Treaty of Picquigny

This formally ended the 100 Years War

PDPA

This gained control and radically reformed laws regarding family, and and education which were in direct opposition to Muslim beliefs leading to military resistance

26th Amendment

This gave 18 year-olds the right to vote yet again expanding the electorate and expanding the democratic process

Equal Opportunity Act of 1964

This gave funding for education and work training to fight poverty and was part of the Great Society Program

Voting Rights Act of 1965

This gave the attorney general the power to determine which states were in violation of discriminating against African American voters

Feathered Serpent

This god supported arts, crafts, and agriculture in the Aztec religion

The Smoking Mirror

This god was the giver and taker of life in the Aztec religion

Ibn Battuta

This government adviser was a Muslim traveler promoting Islam but was displeased at the syncretic nature of Islam

14th and 15th Amendment

This granted African Americans citizenship and the right to vote

First Amendment

This guarantees that Congress could not make laws abridging freedom of speech

First Amendment

This guarantees that Congress could not make laws abridging freedom of the press

First Amendment

This guarantees that Congress could not make laws establishing a state supported religion or prohibiting the free exercise of a persons religion

First Amendment

This guarantees that Congress could not make laws respecting the right to peaceably assemble

First Amendment

This guarantees that Congress could not make laws respecting the right to petition the government

Due Process

This guarantees that an individual is protected from unfair treatment by the government from arrest through conviction

Article 4 Section 2

This guarantees that citizens of one state be treated equally and fairly like all citizens of another and establishes extradition

American Revolution

This had an enormous influence on subsequent revolutions around the world, most notably France

Nazism

This had broad appeal especially with its message of restoring Germany to its greatness before WWI

New Economic Policy

This had little success in the Soviet Union for example peasants had incentive to work harder but were constrained by outdated farming technology

United Nations

This had more power than the League of Nations with representatives from US China Great Britain Soviet Union and France

Television

This has greatly changed politics and was first used by FDR.

Nuclear Arms Race

This heated up between 1950 and 1969 with both nations in control of technology to directly attack on another through ICBMS

Joan of Arc

This historical figure appeared during the 100 Years War which raised troop morale and helped turn the tide against the English.

Joan of Arc

This historical figure helped the French secure victory at Orleans

Abolitionist Movement

This historical reform movement was the effort to end slavery

Women's Rights

This historical reform movement was to gain the right to vote, equal pay for equal work, the right to serve on juries, right to birth control

Temperance

This historical reform movement was to outlaw alcohol consumption and end chronic alcoholism.

Civil Rights

This historical reform movement was to secure voting, employment, education, and housing rights for members of all ethnic and racial groups.

Mali

This important empire found trade to be more beneficial as they controlled and taxed almost all trade through West Africa

Caste System

This included priests (brahmins), warrirors and aristocrats (kshatriyas), cultivators artisans and merchants (vaishyas) landless peasants and serfs (shudras) and later untouchables who performed unpleasant tasks.

Total War

This included rationing, propaganda, and an increase of women in the labor force indicating the ways citizens sought to contribute to victory.

Islamic Fundamentalism

This increased in popularity as an extremist movement in response to opposition to westernization reforms in Muslim countries of the Middle East

Mandate of Heaven

This is a link between Heaven and Earth with a duty to maintain order and dispense justice. AS long as things go smoothly the ruler will remain in power but if it fails this will be bestowed upon a more deserving candidate justifying rebellions and revolts.

Totalitarianism

This is a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible including economy, education, art, science, private life, and morals of citizens.

Hadith

This is a record of the sayings attributed to Muhammad and accounts of the prophets deeds

Plan de Iguala

This is a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821, in the final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain. This called for a constitutional monarchy, maintaining the rights and lands for the Catholic Church, and equality between the criollos and peninsulars.

Grand Canal

This is a series of artificial waterways connecting Hangzhou to Chang'an that greatly benefited the people of China

Authoritarianism

This is a state in which the singles power holder - an individual dictator, a committee or junta or an otherwise small group of political elite - monopolizes political power where social and economic institutions are not under government control

Economic Indicator

This is a statistic about economic activity that allow for analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance.

Institutes

This is a student text book found in Justinian's Code which introduces the Code and has important conceptual elements less developed in the Code or Digest.

Taj Mahal

This is a tomb built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife who died giving birth

Informal Amendment

This is a way that the Constitution's meaning is changed, or interpreted, over time. There is only two ways to formally amend the Constitution however this implies that the meaning of an amendment in the Constitution may be thought of differently over time.

Slash and Burn

This is an agricultural technique firs introduced in the Neolithic Revolution that involves cutting and burning plants in forests and woodlands to create fields

Bias

This is an inclination to hold a partial perspective without considering the merits of alternative points of view.

Legalism

This is based on the goal of expading and strengthening the state at all costs; it is ruthless and efficient.

Manufacturers New Orders

This is considered a leading indicator because it increases in new orders for consumer goods and materials usually meaning positive changes in production.

Devolution

This is defined as a return of power to the states initiated by the Republican Party using tools of fiscal federalism to accomplish the goal of increasing state power using the 10th Amendment reserve power clause as constitutional basis.

Selective Incorporation

This is defined as the Supreme Court using the due process clause of the 14th Amendment to apply the Bill of Rights to the states

Digest

This is defined in Justinian's Code as an encyclopedia composed mostly of brief extracts from the writings of Roman jurists

Code

This is defined in Justinian's Code of a compilation of imperial enactments.

Division of Powers

This is derived from Article 4 of the Constitution and the 10th Amendment - reserve power clause which establishes the federal system of government

Inherent Power

This is derived from the delegated authority of the president as the chief executive and commander in chief

Inherent Power

This is expanded by the use of executive privilege, executive orders, and precedent

Preamble

This is known as the introduction to the Constitution stating its purpose to form a more perfect union, establish justice, domestic tranquility, common defense, promote welfare, secure liberty

Bushido

This is known as the way of the warrior emphasizing the importance of loyalty to the warriors lord

Latifunda

This is land conquered by the Romans that was controlled by wealthy elites and organized into plantations

St. Petersburg

This is located on the Baltic Sea and was established as the capital of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great

Atlantic Slave Trade

This is often referred to as the Triangular Trade from linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Cabinet

This is part of the unwritten Constitution that is based on precedent that began under Washington. They must get Senate confirmation and Congress must approve the creation or abolition of these positions.

2/3 vote

This is required in each House for proposed amendments to the Texas Constitution

Simple majority

This is required of voters for an amendment to the Texas constitution

Legislative Branch

This is responsible for drafting and passing laws and is known collectively as Congress

Qur'an

This is the central text in Islam

Due Process

This is the cornerstone of the 14th Amendment which also includes equal protection of the law and is seen by many as the most important amendment in the Constitution

Rig Veda

This is the first book of the Vedas

Korean War

This is the first major armed Cold War conflict which led the US to a more aggressive containment policy extending military and economic support to nations throughout Asia

Nirvana

This is the goal of Buddhism and the Four Noble Truths which is a state of spiritual independence.

Elastic Clause

This is the implied power for Congress

Judicial Review

This is the implied power for the Supreme Court

Inherent Power

This is the implied power of the President

Diffusion

This is the net movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Monarchy

This is the oldest form of government through the rule of a king or a queen.

Secretary of State

This is the only position of the Executive Branch that is not elected in Texas

Feudalism

This is the political and social order of medieval Europe that was based on a hierarchy of lords and vassals who controlled political and military affairs

Dharma

This is the principle in Buddhism where religion or law orders the universe

Federalism

This is the relationship between national and state governments and raises the issue of the extent to which state governments should have sovereignty versus federal interference in state affairs

Sanskrit

This is the sacred language of Aryan India

Hinduism

This is the worlds oldest religion whose goal is to find the path to salvation

Rule of Four

This is used to determine if a case will be heard before the Supreme Court. If all four justices agree a writ of certiorari, or judicial review, will be issued

Total War

This is when all of a nation's resources are dedicated to the war effort and both the civilian and military populations mobilize to defeat an enemy.

Republicanism

This is where people elect others to represent them

Committees

This is where the majority of legislative work is conducted to include hearings and writing legislation which, when approved, is submitted to Congress.

Mansa Musa

This king was responsible for building a capital at Timbuktu

Roe v. Wade

This landmark Supreme Court case establishing the right to privacy legalized abortion by ruling state laws could not resrtict it during the first trimester of pregnancy

Brown v. Board of Education

This landmark Supreme Court case ruled that separate but equal in public schools was unconstitutional.

Hadith

This lays out the concepts of the five pillars, tenets central to Islam

Persian Wars

This lead to the downfall of the Achaemenid Empire which was sparked when Ionian Greek cities revolted against their governors.

Index of Consumer Expectations

This leading indicator is based solely on consumer expectations which can indicate future spending and tightening.

Interest Rate Spread

This leading indicator is often referred to as the yield curve and implies the expected direction of shirt, medium and long term interest rates

Standard & Poors 500

This leading indicator reflects changes in stock prices which reflect investors expectations for the future of the economy and interest rates.

Crusades

This led to a dramatic improvement in European technology

Nationalism

This led to an increased sense of competition as stronger nations sought to expand their empires

22nd Amendment

This limits an elected president to two terms in office, a total of eight years however a successor to president serving out a term with less than two years may serve for two additional terms making it possible to be president for up to 10 years.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This made discrimination in employment illegal based on race, religion, or national origin

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This made discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and restaurants illegal based on race, religion, or national origin.

Technology

This made it possible for Cortes and Pizarro to conquer the Aztecs and Incas

Poison Gas

This made its first appearance on the battlefield being introduced by the Germans during WWI to include chlorine and mustard.

General Juan Manuel Zambrano

This man forcefully removed Casas from office after rebelling against the governor of Spanish Texas during the Mexican War of Independence. He was the subdeacon of San Antonio, who led a counter-insurgency against Casas. He and his royalists marched on the government house, captured and arrested Casas and Ignacio Aldama, (Hidalgo's ambassador to the United States). Las Casas surrendered without a fight, just 39 days after taking over. where he reestablished royalist control of the province

Article 4 Section 1

This mandates that all states will honor the laws of other states such as marriage laws and is known as the Full Faith and Credit clause

Industrial Revolution

This marked the shift from agrarian based societies to ones based on manufacturing

Geneva Conference

This meeting effectively divided Vietnam in half giving the north control to communist leader Ho Chi Minh and the south in control by non communists

Paris Peace Conference

This meeting in 1919 was held among the Allies that included the Treaty of Versailles

Japanese State Sponsored Industrialization

This method quickly took hold in Japan with the construction of railroads and modernization of its army and navy

Social Science Inquiry

This method should be used any time an investigative activity can be incorporated into the classroom.

Afghanistan

This nation maintained a position of nonalignment until a pro Soviet coup dragged the country into civil war

Aerial Combat

This new development was used primarily as reconnaissance

Sino-Japanese War

This occurred after a series of rebellions to include the 1882 crisis (rice granary and Japanese barracks attacked prompting Japanense warship intervention) pro-Japanese reformers in the Gapsin Coup who were killed, riots in Nagasaki instigated by Qing Dynasty, assassination of Kim Ok-guyn (Chinese displayed his body as a warning), and the Tonghak Rebellion resulting in Japanese intervention for its view of Chinese violation of the Convention of Tientsin

Mexican Revolution

This occurred after decades of limited social reform after falling under the control of a series of dictators when it gained its independence from Spain

Decolonization

This occurred as a result of mounting pressure from nationalist movements within colonies for home rule

Urbanization

This occurred as people moved from the countryside to cities in search of work and led to the development of tenements

Insult

This occurred because the British gun carriages were greased in pig and cow fat that offended Hindus and Muslims

Chinese Revolution

This occurred in 1911 which led to the abdication of the last emperor of China and the end of Qing Empire

Mukden Incident

This occurred in Manchuria in September 1931 when Japanese blew apart the South Manchurian Railway and blamed the Chinese of sabotage using this pretext to annex Manchuria

Opium War

This occurred in response to Lin Zexu taking British merchants hostage when the UK took military action

Equilibrium Price

This occurs at the point where quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal.

Qur'an

This outlawed female infanticide in Islam and described women as honorable individuals equal to men, not property

Warring States

This period in China was a time of disunity where many independent states adopted Legalist philosophies as the basis for rule.

Heian Period

This period in Japanese history was centralized in the Fujiwara family where boys received a formal education with women contributing to Japanese literature

Warring States

This period of turmoil in China led to the development of three significant schools of thought

Neolithic Revolution

This period was marked from the changeover from hunter-gatherers to food producing and the settlement of more complex societies.

Feudalism

This permitted local lords to administer local affairs, collect taxes, mobilize armed forces, and settle legal disputes

Karl Marx

This philosopher developed a socialist theory with Engels in response to the changing nature of the workplace that resulted from the industrial revolution

Confucianism

This philosophy attempts to create social order through loyalty and respect

Article I Section 9

This places limits on Congress such as suspending habeas corpus or giving preference of law to one state over another or titles of nobility

Great Leap Forward

This plan ultimately failed in China with missed quotas, products of poor quality, and little incentive existed to work hard; agricultural output also declined

5 Year Plan

This policy of centralized planning was adopted by other communist nations

Collectivization

This policy resulted in a man made famine in Russia and the death of millions of kulaks

5 Year Plan

This policy set high quotas in an attempt to improve Soviet agriculture and industrial output

Single Whip Tax System

This policy under the Ming had global implications as China had to fulfill the demand for silver which made its way in to the country by Japan and the Americas

Senate Pro Tempore

This position is third in line of succession to become president of there is a vacancy following the VP and Speaker of the House

Speaker of the House

This position presides over the Texas House of Representatives

Junzi

This possessed qualities such as ren, li, and xiao (respect and loyalty, appropriate behavior, and children to respect elders)

Nationalism

This powerful global force was a major factor for the outbreak of WWI that at times urged people to unite or to break apart groups.

Chavins

This predominantly spread through Peru as a cult to promote fertility and abundant harvests of maize.

Virginia Plan

This proposal at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 proposed a bicameral legislature, two chambers, with each state represented in proportion to population

New Jersey Plan

This proposal at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 proposed a single chamber legislature in which each state, regardless of size, would have one vote.

Connecticut Plan

This proposal at the Constitutional Convention proposed bicameral legislature with the House of Representatives apportioned by population and a Senate where each state is equally represented.

Serfdom

This provided a labor source for Russian based agrarian economy

New Economic Policy

This provided for some private business in response to global depression to help with a quick economic recovery

Peace of Amiens

This provided that Britain recognize the French Republic and ended the Second Coalition, made up of Britain, Austria, and Russia, Ottoman Empire, who had warred against Revolutionary France

MAD

This redefined war and diplomacy with an awareness on both sides that any direct fighting could lead to nuclear war leading to this reality

Establishment Clause

This refers to Jefferson's "wall of separation between church and state"

Entangled Alliances

This refers to the reality that would ensure WWI would involve the entire European continent with Germany siding with Austria Hungary, who declared war on Serbia, and Russia mobilizing against Austria Hungary in support of Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia then France

Daoism

This reflected on the natural principles that govern the world to achieve harmony with nature.

Mandate of Heaven

This relates very closely to the European concept of divine right.

Nonalignment

This represented a third path or an alternative to allying with the US or the Soviets

Geneva Agreement

This required elections in Vietnam which would have resulted in the election of Ho Chi Minh. The US advocated cancelling elections and instituting a democratic government in South Vietnam, a violation of this agreement

Mongol Christian Diplomacy

This resulted in renewed use of the Silk Road reestablishing trade between East ASia and Europe

Habeas Corpus

This right guarantee an individuals right to appeal a conviction

Direct Rule

This ruler centralized power and established this as emperor of the Ming Dynasty

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution allows Congress to establish a post office and make copyright laws

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution allows Congress to establish an army, declare war, punish piracy

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution allows Congress to make all laws necessary and proper - Elastic Clause

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution allows Congress to make laws dealing with immigration and naturalization

Article I Section 8

This section of the Constitution enables Congress to collect taxes, pay debts, borrow money, coin money, make laws dealing with counterfeiting

St. Petersburg

This served as a visible symbol of Russia's efforts to modernize as well as the affirmation of absolute authority of the czar

Article 3 Section 2

This sets the kind of cases that may be heard by the federal judiciary, which cases the Supreme Court may hear - original jurisdiction - and that all cases heard by the Supreme Court are by appeal. This also guarantees trial by jury in criminal court.

Supply and Demand Graph

This shows supply and demand as opposing curves and the intersection between the curves determines the equilibrium price.

Life Liberty and Fraternity

This slogan was the banner of the National Assembly to which they wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man identifying natural rights of citizens, equality and sovereignty

League of Nations

This sought to pressure member nations to settle disputes with diplomacy. Failure would result in economic sanctions

Black Death

This spread from China to Europe through fleas on rats which was spread through the silk road and Mongol campaigns

Persian Empire

This spread from India to the borders of Egypt

Blitzkrieg

This strategy included a preemptive air attack to weaken resistance followed by land forces using Panzer columns that were fast and mobile.

Blitzkrieg

This strategy was used by the Germans in their opening attack in Poland and throughout Europe coming as a shock to the rest of the world

Italian Renaissance

This stressed human achievements, specifically humanism

Articles of Confederation

This supported one state, one vote where larger states were at the mercy of smaller states

Islamic Fundamentalism

This term is used by Western sources to describe an extreme movement to replace secular states with Islamic ones

Russification

This term referes to both official and unofficial policies of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union

Lebensraum

This term repeated by Hitler,, meaning living space, was much of the desire behind his motive to expand Germany in Europe. This was applied to cleansing the land he controlled by wiping out "inferior people".

Mainstream Media

This usually involves newspapers, magazines, television and internet news

Manors

This utilized a three-field system to rotate crops and preserve nutrients

Blood and Iron

This was Bismark's foreign policy for resorting to war to aid in the unification of Germany and the expansion of its continental power

Ahimsa

This was Gandhi's practice of nonviolence which he adapted in South Africa

14 Points

This was Wilson's proposal to include an end to secret alliances, promotion of free trade, decolonization, self determination, and establishing the League of Nations

Great Leap Forward

This was a 5 year plan aimed at increasing industrial production and agricultural output in China where communes and production quotas were established.

Geneva Conference

This was a Cold War meeting held in 1954 to divide Vietnam with the North controlled by communists and the South non communists

Qingdao

This was a German controlled seaport that was invaded by Japan in 1915

Vietnamization

This was a Nixon policy and his vow to end US military involvement in Vietnam by training the South Vietnamese to fight the war on their own

Cuneiform

This was a Sumerian achievement developing the first form of writing

US Open Door Policy

This was a US policy that sought equal trading rights for all nations trading in China and commerical advantages for US business

Long March

This was a circling retreat by the Red Army led under the eventual command of Mao Zedong

Sparta

This was a city state in Greece that conquered neighbors and forced them into servitude. They were known for military talent beginning at age seven and began serving at age 20

Justinian's Code

This was a codified Roman law that kept much of the Roman principles

Holy Roman Empire

This was a collection of Germanic states that began under the reign of Charlemagne and continued under Otto of Saxony

Opium War

This was a conflict between China and Britain when Chinese ordered the confiscation and destruction of imports from the British East India Company and took British merchants hostage

Warsaw Pact

This was a defensive military alliance of communist nations designed to counter the collective defense formed by NATO

Hatshepsut

This was a female pharaoh of Egypt

Columbian Exchange

This was a global exchange between New and Old Worlds with slavery and disease being brought over from Europe having the greatest impact

Indian National Congress

This was a nationalist group formed in British India and sought to serve all Indians

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

This was a nonaggression treaty signed by Germany and the USSR in 1939 where the two nations publicly agreed to avoid armed conflict with one another

Treaty of Versailles

This was a peace settlement at the end of WWI focused on ensuring that Germany would never again be a threat to the security of Europe

Reign of Terror

This was a period of violence that occurred following the French Revolution incited by conflict from the Girondins and the Jacobins marking the mass execution of enemies of the revolution by guillotine; the Committee of Public Safety was led by Robespierre who was executed

Salt March

This was a planned march by Gandhi to make this without paying the taxes imposed by the British. He was subsequently arrested.

Brezhnev Doctrine

This was a pledge to maintain communism in satellite nations. Gorbachev agreed not to enforce this allowing the Eastern Bloc to determine their own political futures

Detente

This was a policy adopted by the US and USSR during the Cold War in an effort to reduce tensions between them over the arms race and control of developing countries

Single Whip Tax System

This was a policy put forth by the Ming requiring a single national tax where all taxes were paid in the form of silver

Kuomintang

This was a political party founded by Sun Yat-sen who was the provisional president that lacked military power leading him to cede the presidency to Yuan Shikai who later died passing the mantle to Chiang Kai-shek

Dual Sovereignty Federalism

This was a post Civil War relationship where federal and state governments each exercise authority over their citizens without interference from the other such as 13, 14, 15 Amendments vs. Jim Crow and Black Codes

Columbian Exchange

This was a primary cause of disease for the Aztecs where 90% of the population were affected after the arrival of the Spanish

Yellow Turban Uprising

This was a rebellion by peasants that weakened the Han Dynasty where factions developed in courts that affected central government leading to its fall.

Sepoy Rebellion

This was a revolt led by Indian soldiers against the British East India Company in protest of rules that threatened religious traditions

100 Years War

This was a series of conflicts, and perhaps the most notable of the Middle Ages.

Berlin Wall

This was a sign that East Germany was no longer backed by the Soviet Union and a symbol of the looming fall of the USSR

National Convention

This was a single chamber assembly in France during the French Revolution succeeding the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic establishing a National Convention for the purposes of drawing up a constitution

Hansa League

This was a trade network developed in the Baltic linking the Mediterranean through the Rhine and Danube rivers

Silk Road

This was a trade route that connected the Han and Roman Empires during classical times

Buffalo Soldiers

This was a troop of African American soldiers instrumental in removing Native Americans from western parts of Texas

Sino-Japanese War

This was a war fought between China and Japan for control over Korea from 1894-1895

Socialist Theory

This was adopted by the Bolsheviks in Russia with the Soviet Union following afterwards as the worlds first communist nation

Bill of Rights

This was adopted two years after the ratification of the Constitution

Nonalignment

This was aimed at nations who did not take sides during the Cold War with the goal to avoid involvement in it and maintain and increase economic progress

Marshall Plan

This was also known as the European Recovery Plan which was massive economic aid package designed to strengthen democracy and lessen the appeal of communism

St. Petersburg

This was also known as the window to the west since Europeans were welcomed with their ideas of knowledge in science and technology

Mughal Empire

This was an Islamic Empire established in India following the defeat of the Delhi Sultanate

Songhay Empire

This was an Islamic empire established in Africa following the decline of the Mali Empire

Pearl Harbor

This was an attempt to destroy American naval forces in the Pacific on Dec 7 1941

Italian Renaissance

This was an attempt to imitate the artistic qualities of the Ancient Greeks and Romans

Truman Doctrine

This was an economic and military program intended to help nations resist Soviet aggression and prevent the spread of communism

Communalism

This was an effort of the INC and Gandhi to get Indians to act and feel as one nation

Cold War

This was an ideological war between two ideologically opposed superpowers

Truman Doctrine

This was based on the theory of containment limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control

Pharaoh

This was believed to be a reincarnation of the sun god who controlled access to the Nile

Austro Hungarian Empire

This was broken up and out of it came the creation of Yugoslavia and Poland

Hellenistic Empire

This was built on the former Persian Empire which reached to the Indus River and was impressive do to its size, law, trade, and culture.

Imperialism

This was closely mired in industrialization as nations spread abroad to gain access to new markets, resources, and materials

Mukden Incident

This was condemned by the League of Nations to which the Japanese withdrew setting up a puppet state in Manchuria and pursued a militaristic expansionist policy

League of Nations

This was created after WWI becoming the first permanent organization dedicated to maintaining peace

League of Nations

This was created at the Paris Peace Conference, a proposal by Wilson which the US declined to join later which was meant to avoid future wars but its weakness in design rendered it powerless

United Nations

This was created at the end of WWII as a coalition dedicated to maintaining world peace and security

Sataygraha

This was created by Gandhi as passive resistance, a technique of fighting against unfair laws

Committee of Public Safety

This was created by the National Convention forming the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror

Articles of Confederation

This was designed so that state governments were stronger than the central government

Steam Engine

This was developed by Watt and played a key role in industrialization

Truman Doctrine

This was developed in response to the crises in Greece and Turkey

Neo-Confucianism

This was developed in response to the growing popularity of Buddhism

League of Nations

This was dissolved in 1946 and replaced with the United Nations

Sacrifice

This was done to appease the Aztec war god in which a temple was built in the center of Tenochtitlan

Neo-Confucianism

This was dveloped y scolars of the SOng Dynasty that combined thier beliefs with Buddhism

Government of India Act

This was enacted by the British government providing for Indian self rule

Pope

This was established and became the single most important figure providing the church a sense of direction

NATO

This was established as a military alliance of democratic nations against Soviet aggression

Moscow

This was established as the capital of the new Russian Empire

Feudalism

This was established by European nobles in an attempt to protect their lands and maintain order during a time of weak central power and frequent invasions

COMECON

This was established by the Soviet union following Stalin' refusal of US aid to Eastern Europe.

Apartheid

This was established in 1948 to maintain control over the black African majority

Constantinople

This was famed for its architectural masterpieces to include the Hippodrome, the Golden Gate and the Hagia Sophia

Iron Curtain

This was first articulated in a speech given by Churchill which was a symbolic division of Europe after WWII

Silk

This was first produced by the Shang dynasty and at the advent of the Han Dynasty it was highly regarded luxury product and a guarded imperial secret.

Battle of Chaldiran

This was fought against the Ottoman Turks leading to the establishment of the Safavid Empire and Iran

Russo-Japanese War

This was fought as a result of rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea from 1904-1905

Antisemitism

This was generally accepted in Europe which assisted in genocide during the Nazi regime

Declaration of Independence

This was greatly influenced by Enlightenment thinking and provided the colonists with justification for seeking independence from the crown arguing that government is based on the consent of the governed and that government is to protect and secure the rights of its citizens

Mandate System

This was influenced by the idea of self-determination a principle originating in the US under Wilson's 14 Points

Federal Government

This was intended to be a small entity focused on international and security issues but over time it has grown extensively.

Fiefs

This was known as "land" that was given in exchange for protection and lords lived off the surplus crops of their vassals

Ottoman Empire

This was known as The Sick Man of Europe because it was small, weak, and in debt

Byzantine Empire

This was known as the former half of the Eastern Roman Empire

French Economic Crisis

This was known to be the primary cause of the French Revolution

Cultural Revolution

This was launched by Mao Zedong to seek out and silence opposition to his leadership and vision of communism

National Revolutionary Army

This was led by General Chiang Kai-shek with his Kuomintang party in control of parts of South China he marched north and unifying North and South China

Mesopotamia

This was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern Iraq.

Kingdom of Kongo

This was located in Central Africa along the Congo River and was established as a strong centralized state

Timbuktu

This was located near the Niger River and was one of the wealthiest cities in West Africa and one of the most important cultural centers

War Communism

This was nationalization of a massive scale where all major businesses were put under the control of the government with the government making all of the planning and production decisions

India

This was one of Britain's most significant colonies providing tea, cotton, coffee, and indigo

Jericho

This was one of the worlds first Neolithic villages found in modern-day Israel

Legalized slavery

This was permitted under the Texas Constitution being the major difference with the US Constitution

Quartering

This was permitted under the Texas Constitution rebuffing the Third Amendment to the US Constitution

African Slavery

This was practiced across Africa and was a well established commercial venture before the arrival of the Europeans

Machine Gun

This was primarily used as a defensive weapon in WWI and offensively on aircraft, tanks and other vehicles

US Open Door Policy

This was proposed by John Hay as a result of the US being one of the few imperial powers without a sphere of influence in China though it was never formally agreed the policy went unchallenged but was first violated by Japan in 1931 with their seizure of Manchuria and broken with impunity thereafter

Civil Rights Act of 1964

This was sent to Congress by JFK following the March on Washington led by MLK.

Qin Dynasty

This was short lived becasue of strict laws and harsh punishments

Rome Berlin Axis

This was signed with Germany leading Italy to join with them in WWII

Patriarchal Society

This was the basis of Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies where men made decisions about the division of household chores among family members

Domino Theory

This was the belief that if one southeast Asian country fell to communism, they would all fall

Divine Rights of Monarchs

This was the belief that kings were God's representative on earth and that they had been chosen to rule divinely.

Athens

This was the birthplace of democracy with all citizens meeting and directly vote on issues.

Tenochtitlan

This was the capital city of the Aztecs

Gao

This was the capital city of the Songhay Empire

Cuzxo

This was the capital of the Incas empire that had two roads running north and south used for trade which ran along the coast and the mountains.

Niani

This was the capital of the Mali kingdom

Constitutionalism

This was the concept that began to emerge in England following the Magna Carta and the belief that the power of the ruler was limited.

Freedonian Rebellion

This was the first attempt by Anglo settlers in Texas to secede from Mexico. The settlers, led by Empresario Haden Edwards, declared independence from Mexican Texas and created this Republic near Nacogdoches. The short-lived republic encompassed the land the Mexican government had granted to Edwards in 1825 and included areas that had been previously settled. Edwards's actions soon alienated these established residents, and the increasing hostilities between them and settlers recruited by Edwards led the Mexican government to revoke Edwards's contract.

Haiti

This was the first nation in Latin America to declare its independence

Spindletop

This was the first oil field in the Gulf Coast

Textile Industry

This was the first to industrialize

Napoleonic Era

This was the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution where a coup d'etat occurred overthrowing the Directory and establishing the French Consulate

Legislative Assembly

This was the government of France during the years of the French Revolution that provided focus of political debate and revolutionary law making in between the National Assembly and the Convention

Edo

This was the imperial court of modern-day Tokyo

British Empire

This was the largest imperial power at the time with colonies and possessions on every populated continent

Battle of Castillon

This was the last official battle of the 100 Years War

Manorialism

This was the main economic system of Europe in the Middle Ages where land granted by the king to lords and knights in exchange for military service.

Mayans

This was the most dominant group in Central America (present day southern Mexico - El Salvador)

Cordova Rebellion

This was the most significant threat to the survival of the Republic of Texas?

Juneteenth, June 19 1865

This was the official date and moniker given when Texas acknowledged that slaves were in fact "free"

Final Solution

This was the plan that was to evacuate all remaining Jews in Europe to the death camps in Poland

English Bill of Rights

This was the precursor of the American Bill of Rights (along with the Magna Carta, Va. Declaration of Rights), ad included rights to petition the government, bear arms, elect members of parliament, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment.

Ghana

This was the primary state of West Africa located between the Senegal and Niger Rivers

October Revolution

This was the second part of the Russian Revolution led by Lenin and the Bolshevik Party

Port Arthur

This was the site of the Japanese attack against the Russians in 1904 marking the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War

WWI

This was the worlds first truly modern war with new weapons revolutionizing warfare.

1933

This was the year that Hitler was appointed chancellor after Nazis had won many seats in parliament

1949

This was the year the Soviets tested a nuclear bomb

Byzantine Empire

This was weakened as a result of the Crusades along with papal power and the church

Treatises of Government natural rights

This was written by John Locke who proposed that the purpose of government was to protect the _____ _____ of man.

95 Theses

This was written by Martin Luther which was a list of arguments directed against the Roman Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences (pardoning of sins)

Epic of Gilgamesh

This was written by the Sumerians which included a story of a great flood.

Declaration of Independence

This was written primarily by Jefferson and asserts that all men are created equal and have rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Veda

This word means wisdom or knowledge

Which of the following is famous for the Theory of the Social Contract? Karl Marx. John Locke. Thomas Hobbes. Niccolo Machiavelli.

Thomas Hobbes

Peter the Great

Though he introduced a great many reforms that changed Russia economically and socially he remained autocratic through divine right.

Conscription

Though nations had large standing armies this became essential with more than 70 million drafted by the end of WWI.

5 year Plan

Though quotas under this were not met, Stalin declared the first phase of this a success however the USSRs neglect of consumer goods led to a scarcity of these products

Constitutional Convention state 2/3rds state legislatures

Though this has never been used, an amendment to the Constitution can be proposed through a _____ _____ called by _____ of ______ _____.

Magna Carta

Though this was not initially successful the document was reissued with several alterations and served as the foundation for the English system of common law and eventually was celebrated as a symbol of freedom from oppression

Media

Through extensive coverage _____ can turn certain events into major issues just as certain issues can disappear if it is not given adequate coverage

Panama

Through the interests of the US they tried to gain permission to build from Columbians who refused

Collectivization

Through this policy the government took control of land (angering the peasant kulaks) and created collective farms with the goal of improving agricultural production

Mali

Timbuktu, Gao, Jenne were the most important cities to this kingdom

Map elements

Title, Legend, Grid, directions, and scale

The largest employer in the executive branch of the United States government is the Office of Management and Budget. Which of the following actions best describes the role of that Office? To help the President formulate a budget proposal to submit to Congress for approval. To help Congress verify economic data in the budget proposal submitted by the President. To examine and revise the President's submitted budget proposal in the House, and share revisions with the Senate. To examine and revise the President's submitted budget proposal in the Senate, and share revisions with the House.

To help the President formulate a budget proposal to submit to Congress for approval.

Why do cartographers use elevation and relief on a map?

To show the earth's irregularities, such as rivers and valleys

Regions

To study the world's population, geographers divided into these based upon culture with similar: -languages, religions, economies, political structures, and traditions

Monarchs

Today there are few all powerful _____. The King of Morocco and the King of Saudi Arabia are but a few examples with many believing that this form of rule will become extinct.

Fall of the Roman Empire

Too many people laid claim to the throne with internal power struggles and the Empire itself was too large.

Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon

Took over the Mexican War of Independence after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo. He was more organized and politically savvy, and had a clearer plan for the future of Mexico. Unfortunately for the insurgents, he was executed.

Mongol Christian Diplomacy

Trading networks made it necessary to establish _____ _____ _____.

Mahmud Ghazni

Turkish leader in Afghanistan who destroyed hundreds of Hindu and Buddhist sites resulting in Buddhism's decline

Research Methods

Two _____ _____ in social studies research involve quantitative and qualitative methods.

State Building

Two essential components to this include taxes and a standing army

Indus River Valley

Two main cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were established here and their construction indicated standard use of weights and measures.

essential in forming good citizens and understanding foundations of our country, individual rights, laws and functions of government

U.S History

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO )

US and Western European nations joined together against communism

1945

US bombs Japan and wins WW2

1917

US enters WW1 because Germany started blowing up ships trying to trade with British

1941

US enters WW2 because of bombing of Pearl Harbor

1941-1945

US in WW2

1975

US leaves Vietnam

1890

US richest country in the world

1965

US sends troops to Vietnam

Mao Zedong

Under his leadership China became the worlds largest communist nation and made it a modern industrialized nation

Land Ordinance of 1785

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue. This was implemented as a way to raise money through the sale of land.

Northwest Ordinance 1787

Under the Articles of Confederation, this became its most significant achievement

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Under the Articles of Confederation, this created the first organized territory of the US and it established the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states and noted that states with land claims here must give them up.

New Economic Policy

Under this banking and communications remained under state control but small scale industry was allowed with peasants permitted to sell their surplus goods

Emperor Meiji

Under this emperor Japan modernized quickly and by 1900 it began to follow a foreign policy of empire building leading to future conflicts and establishing Japan as a global power

No Taxation Without Representation

Under this moniker, Americans sought the right to govern themselves

War Communism

Under this nationalization food was rationed and private ownership of businesses were prohibited in Russia

Tokugawa Period

Under this regime Japan had become unified leading to the establishment of a military government led by a shogun

Catherine the Great

Under this rule the empire gained control of a warm water port and took control of Poland

Catherine the Great

Under this rule the empire was expanded by gaining territory from the Ottoman Empire and taking control of Alaska

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Under this, if a state had fewer than half the eligible voters registered the attorney general could send in federal officials to facilitate voter registration

All of these nations were involved in the War of the Pacific EXCEPT: Chile. Peru. Bolivia. United States.

United States.

The Supreme Court's Civil Rights Cases of 1883 had which of the following effects? Ruled that state laws enumerating voter qualifications were not unconstitutional. Provided a constitutional justification for public discrimination as long as the facilities were "separate but equal". Upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and ruled that the practice of private discrimination as well as state discrimination was unconstitutional. Upheld the practice of private discrimination and laid the legal groundwork for the passage of "separate but equal" laws by ruling that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional.

Upheld the practice of private discrimination and laid the legal groundwork for the passage of "separate but equal" laws by ruling that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional.

Ghengis Khan

Using equestrian skills he honed cavalry units uniting central Asia by attacking Tibet, northern China, Persia, and central Asian steppes.

Measures passed against the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798-99 were known as what?

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Italy

WWII was triggered by this nation invading Ethiopia

Japan

WWII was triggered by this nation invading Manchuria in violation of the League of Nations which this nation withdrew from and began a full scale invasion of China in 1937

Treaties of Velasco

War between Mexico and Texas ended on May 14, 1836 with these treaties in which Mexico would recognize Texas as an independent nation.The treaties were intended, on the part of the Texans, to provide a conclusion of hostilities between the two belligerents and offer the first steps toward the official recognition of the breakaway Republic's independence. It set the southern boundary of Texas at the Rio Grande, including the Nueces Strip. The two treaties were signed by Santa Anna one in secret the other public

1812

War of 1812 -US declares war on Great Britain bc they were preventing trade btw US and France -Asserted that US is here to stay

Tokugawa Period

When Christian missionaries arrived during this period in Japan the shogunate banned guns and swords and restricted contact with foreigners

Justinian's Code

When Rome divided in to the Byzantine Empire and the Western Roman Empire, the greatest leaders of the Byzantines established a uniform code of laws known as _____ _____ which preserved the laws of the Roman Empire.

Presenting Information

When _____ _____ one should use as many different types of sources as possible.

Presenting Information

When _____ _____ the material should be collected and organized into formats such as charts, databases, maps, videos which allow for various ways of looking at the material.

3/4ths

When an amendment to the Constitution passes both Houses, it must be approved by _____ of the states before it becomes an official amendment.

Lenin

When civil war broke out in Russia after pulling out of WWI, he instituted a policy of war communism

New Economic Communism

When civil war ended following the ascension of Lenin, this replaced War Communism

Deposition

When items are left behind from geological movements, like the receding glaciers; normally defined by the size of what's left behind.

Earthquake

When left and right lateral strike slip movement between plates occurs along transform faults

Introduction

Where in the Declaration of Independence would the assertion of Natural Law be found?

Biosphere

Where life is found on the earth. Found on all 3 earth layers

Da Vinci

Widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time with his innovations in painting influencing the course of Italian art

Ming Dynasty

Widows were not permitted to remarry under this empire and foot binding became increasingly more popular

3 Whig Presidents

William Henry Harrison Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore

Division of Germany

With this area divided into four occupation zones it set the stage for democracy v. communism wit tensions rising when the US supplied a cutoff West Berlin inside the Soviet sector.

Charlemagne

Without funding for his empire he chose to travel throughout during most of his reign and the legitimacy of his empire was pronounced by the Roman Catholic Church

19th Amendment

Women were given the right to vote with the _____ _____ serving as another expansion of the democratic process by expanding the electorate to women.

Civic Responsibilities

_____ _____ include serving on juries, voting, informed on issues, volunteering to help those who are disadvantaged

War

_____ has led to an increased role for the president. Though only Congress can declare it, presidents have sent military troops into combat on many occasions without the benefit of declaring it.