US History Unit 1

True

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that disloyal planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves. True/False

True

In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto. True/False

c. the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that a. allied themselves with the president in an effort to bring about "freedom and justice for all." b. the government should minimize its involvement in the economy and allow laissez-faire to flourish. c. the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race. d. sought the repatriation of expatriate fugitives.

the Freedmen's Bureau

Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning.

False

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights. True/False

True

The Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction." True/False

False

The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women. True/False

c. the tenure of office act

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law? a. the fourteenth amendment b. the civil rights act c. the tenure of office act d. the reconstruction act

False

The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all. True/False

c. Freedmen's Bureau.

The agency that was established by Congress in 1865 and charged with establishing a working free labor system in the South was called the a. Civil Rights Act of 1875. b. Black Codes. c. Freedmen's Bureau. d. Reconstruction Act.

True

The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873 and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened. True/False

False

The victorious Republicans, the "Redeemers," claimed to have redeemed the white South from corruption, misgovernment, and northern and black control. True/False

Enforcement Acts

Three laws passed in 1870 and 1871 that tried to eliminate the Ku Klux Klan by outlawing it and other such terrorist societies; the laws allowed the president to deploy the army for that purpose

False

While Reconstruction brought profound changes, the postwar South remained comprised of people with the same social classes. True/False

Reconstruction Act

1867 law that established temporary military governments in ten Confederate states—excepting Tennessee—and required that the states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and permit freedmen to vote

Tenure of Office Act

1867 law that required the president to obtain Senate approval to remove any official whose appointment had also required Senate approval; President Andrew Johnson's violation of the law by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment

Fourteenth Amendment

1868 constitutional amendment that guaranteed rights of citizenship to former slaves, in words similar to those of the Civil Rights Act of 1866

a. were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction a. were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine. b. were often put on trains and sent to northern cities. c. were often put on trains and sent out West. d. were convicted and sentenced to execution.

impeachment

Bringing charges against a public official; for example, the House of Representatives can impeach a president for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" by majority vote, and after the trial the Senate can remove the president by a vote of two-thirds. Two presidents, Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, have been impeached and tried before the Senate; neither was convicted

Fifteenth Amendment

Constitutional amendment ratified in 1870, which prohibited states from discriminating in voting privileges on the basis of race

crop lien

Credit extended by merchants to tenants based on their future crops; under this system, high interest rates and the uncertainties of farming often led to inescapable debts.

Bargain of (1877)

Deal made by a Republican and Democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the South, marking the end of Reconstruction.

carpetbaggers

Derisive term for northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstruction South

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators. True/False

b. it did not enfranchise women

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because a. it was not worded strongly enough to encapsulate the issue b. it did not enfranchise women c. it still did not allow all races to vote d. there was no way to enforce the amendment

Ku Klux Klan

Group organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866 to terrorize former slaves who voted and held political offices during Reconstruction; a revived organization in the 1910s and 1920s that stressed white, Anglo-Saxon, fundamentalist Protestant supremacy; revived a third time to fight the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s in the South

b. none

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction? a. take up leadership positions in the federal government, but not in individual state governments b. none c. take up leadership positions in the Deep South d. take up leadership positions in the border states

c. ordered federal troops to stop guarding the state houses in Louisiana and South Carolina.

In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes a. ordered all military uniforms be purchased at bargain or discount prices. b. ordered federal troops to encourage a system of bartering as a means of trade until new money was minted. c. ordered federal troops to stop guarding the state houses in Louisiana and South Carolina. d. ordered that future bargains, such as those promoted by the corrupt politicians involved in the Whiskey Ring, be made illegal.

False

In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty. True/False

a. freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and, for adult men, the right to vote

In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the United States Constitution a. freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and, for adult men, the right to vote b. the right to marry anyone of their choosing; freedom of assembly; and land c. forty acres and a mule; education; and equality d. forty acres; education; and equal justice under law

d. be returned to its former owners

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands a. be given to the railroads b. be given to the poor blacks and whites. c. be given to freed blacks d. be returned to its former owners

Black Codes

Laws passed from 1865 to 1866 in southern states to restrict the rights of former slaves; to nullify the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment.

Redeemers

Post-Civil War Democratic leaders who supposedly saved the South from Yankee domination and preserved the primarily rural economy.

False

Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) was a success. True/False

False

Some 900 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction, yet few held local offices. True/False

scalawags

Southern white Republicans—some former Unionists—who supported Reconstruction governments.

a. Within two years after the end of slavery, black males were given the right to vote.

Struggles over land and labor were a common part of the post-emancipation experience in many countries, yet this one aspect made the United States unique a. Within two years after the end of slavery, black males were given the right to vote. b. Identification cards were printed and distributed to all freed slaves to more easily connect them with lost relatives. c. With Reconstruction came full citizenship and voting rights for all men and women born in the U.S. d. Shortly after slavery ended, white women performed all of the field work.

a. defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses. Under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 a. defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses. Under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen. b. asserted South Carolina's right to nullify any federal law it deemed improper or unjust, and to enforce that decision c. sought to sue for peace with Britain and Spain in the wake of the resurgence of international tensions surrounding imperialist filibustering. d. enforced the rights of landowners to act against encroaching settlers in the West.

True

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866 as a Tennessee secret society and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party. True/False

Civil Rights Act of (1875)

The last piece of Reconstruction legislation, which outlawed racial discrimination in places of public accommodation such as hotels and theaters. Many parts of it were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883

b. Sherman's Field Order 15.

The phrase "forty acres and a mule" derived from a. the Wade-Davis Bill. b. Sherman's Field Order 15. c. Lincoln's "10 percent Plan." d. the Emancipation Proclamation.

sharecropping

Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers—often former slaves—farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop

False

Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions True/False

False

Under the Black Codes enacted by southern legislatures immediately after the Civil War, blacks convicted of "vagrancy" were fined and, if unable to pay, were publicly hanged. True/False

a. Andrew Johnson

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president. a. Andrew Johnson b. John Adams c. Andrew Jackson d. Ulysses S. Grant

d. They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.

Which was not true of Liberal Republicans in the post-Civil War era? a. They nominated Horace Greeley for president. b. They formed their own political party. c. They were less committed to equal rights for blacks than the Radical Republicans had been. d. They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.

True

After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home. True/False

Civil Rights Bill of (1866)

Along with the Fourteenth Amendment, legislation that guaranteed the rights of citizenship to former slaves.

a. race

Before the Civil War, American citizenship had been closely linked to a. race b. monetary wealth c. class d. religion