US History Unit 1 Test Review

What do pull factors mean?

*Pull you away from home.*

What do push factors mean?

*Push you away from home*

What were some positive effects of the growing workforce during industrialization?

- 8/9 million native-born Americans moved from farms to cities - 14 million immigrants in cities - Job opportunities in cities - lure of a more exciting life

What were some causes of Industrial Growth?

- Expansion of the railroads - Technological Boom - New Sources of Energy - Social Darwinism

What are some effects of business growth?

- Laissez-Faire used by the government - Gap between rich and the poor - Immigration increases - Poor work environment + labor unions form

What were some worker methods to get what they wanted?

- Use COLLECTIVE BARGAINING - Use threats of strikes - Boycotts

What were Tocqueville's values?

- liberty - egalitarianism - individualism - populism - laissez-faire

What were some negative effects of the growing workforce during industrialization?

- low wages - children working in factories - twelve hour work days, six days a week - many workers paid by each finished piece - poor working conditions

What are some innovations that helped larger industries to grow during industrialization?

- the cotton gin - power loom - steam engine - telegraph - sewing machine

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

What is vertical consolidation?

Controlling all aspects of production, from raw product to finished product

What was a tenement?

Crowded, filthy apartment buildings in slums of cities

What was the impact of the Interstate Commerce Act?

It allowed railroads to be regulated by the government.

What was the impact of laissez-faire?

It did not allow the government to interfere in businesses.

How did the economic patterns of the American West change because of governmental policies, such as the Homestead Act?

It helped to establish and spur economic growth in the west.

What is liberty?

freedom

What is nativism?

hate towards immigrants.

How did government assimilation policies change the lives of American Indians?

Many were forced to attend boarding schools and abandon their beliefs.

Who marked the term "The Gilded Age"?

Mark Twian

What is assimilation?

process of becoming part of another culture

What is horizontal consolidation?

the process where companies producing similar products merge

What was collective bargaining?

when employees worked together to receive higher wages and negotiated to get them, leads to strike

What contributions did rober barons give to society?

They gave society unethical business practices, while exploiting workers to create lucrative monopolies.

How did the lifestyles of the American Indians change with the closing of the American frontier?

Indian tribes were pushed out of their land, which had an impact on their culture.

What was the transcontinental railroad?

The 1st railroad to stretch all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

What was a political machine?

an informal political group designed to gain and keep power

What is egalitarianism?

A belief in the equality of all people

What is exceptionalism?

A belief shared by strong nations that they are exceptional

What is a trust?

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

What was the Industrial Union?

A group of laborers and workers who work in a similar industry.

What is populism?

A political movement that represented ordinary people against mass groups or the "elite"

What were the Knights of Labor?

A union who was the most inclusive: incorporating women, multiple races, and not exclusively railroad workers. They were too violent and failed.

Who invented electricity?

Benjamin Franklin

Who invented the Oil Drill?

Edwin Drake

What is individualism?

For people to pursue their own lifestyle at the expense of others.

What was the Dawes Act?

Gave Native American head of the household got 160 acres of land to farm

What contributions did Andrew Carnegie give to society?

He produced raw materials that built the physical infrastructure of the US.

Who found a new way to produce Steel?

Henry Bessemer

What was the impact of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

It outlawed trusts, monopolies, and cartels.

What was the American Federation of Labor?

It was a national labor union formed by Samuel Gompers in 1886. It was a craft union that organized workers that were part of a specific craft. They covered strictly ECONOMIC issues.

How was farming and the cattle industry transformed at this time?

New farming techniques were formed and production was increased.

What are new immigrants?

New immigrants are immigrants from southern and eastern Europe that came during the late 1800s.

How did the population patterns of the American West change because of governmental policies, such as the Homestead Act?

People had a reason or incentive to move out towards the west, so population increased.

What was a negative impact of industrialization?

Poor working conditions

What was the Pendleton Civil Service Act?

Provided appointment for government jobs on a basis of competitive exams

Who invented the Telegraph?

Samuel Morse

What was industrialization?

Switching of the economy from man-made goods to machine made goods.

How did the Klondike Gold Rush bring changes to the American West?

The Gold Rush sparked movement to the West.

What is Social Darwinism?

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. "Survival of the fittest"

What was characteristic of the conflicts between settlers, the military, and American Indian tribes of the late 1800s and early 1900s?

The conflicts sometimes resulted in violence or war due to the subject of the ownership of land.

How did the building of the transcontinental railroad bring changes to the American West?

The railroad brought in new products and caused a production boom. It also encouraged further settlement.

How did workers respond to the rise of large industries?

Unions were formed to give voices to the workers.

Is Captain of Industry the opposite of a rober baron?

YES

What was a monopoly?

a company that controls most or all business in a particular industry

What is the Homestead Act?

a law passed by Congress in 1862 that gave government owned land in the West free to settlers willing to farm it. Settlers got 160 acres of land, but had to stay and farm the land for five years.

What is the Social Gospel?

a movement that urged Christians to social service

What was the Gilded Age?

a period that suggested both the extravagant wealth of the late 1800's and the terrible poverty that lay underneath