USA TEST PREP QUIZ

During metabolism, the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose results in a maximum yield of 38 molecules of

ATP

Which molecule is used by cells as an energy source?

ATP

Both aerobic cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation produce ATP, though in different amounts. These two ATP-producing processes have some major differences as well as some similarities.

ATP production begins with glucose.

Carbon dioxide is not considered an organic molecule. Photosynthetic organisms turn it into an organic molecule in the form of a(n)

Carbohydrates

Two potted plants were used in an experiment to study the amount of starch formed in leaves under different conditions. The table describes the conditions the plants were subjected to and the results of testing the leaves with potassium iodide to detect the presence of starch.

Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis.

Carotenoids are red, orange, or yellow pigments found in many plants. Usually we see these accessory pigments only in the fall. Why aren't the red, orange, and yellow colors visible all year long?

Chlorophyll is more abundant in the leaves and masks the accessory pigments.

Small molecules like water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen enter plant cells through the cell membrane. Plant cells also have specialized organelles called __________ that contain pigments that capture sunlight to use to make food.

Chloroplasts

The by-products of cellular respiration include

carbon dioxide and water

Plant cells make their own food by taking in

carbon dioxide and water.

Producers, like this plant, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during __________________ , just like animals and other living things.

cellular respiration

In the light dependent photosynthetic reactions, light energy is converted into _________ energy, which is stored in molecules like ATP. Then, in the light independent photosynthetic reactions, this energy is used to convert CO2 into ________.

chemical; sugars

When a muscle contracts, it performs work. It does this by

converting chemical energy to mechanical energy.

In the body cells of most organisms, oxygen is used to release ________ for use by the cells.

energy

In yeast cells, the process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration is called

fermentation

Which factor would not increase the production of glucose by photosynthesis in plants?

freezing temperatures

In this organelle, carbon dioxide and water are converted to _________ and oxygen.

glucose

Producers use energy from the sun to create ___________, or usable chemical energy

glucose

what are the products of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

The ________ photosynthetic reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in molecules like ATP. In the _________ photosynthetic reactions, this energy is used to convert CO2 into carbon sugars.

light dependent; light independent

Which would have the GREATEST effect on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?

light intensity

Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is produced in which organelle?

mitochondria

Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell, the site of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

One difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts is

mitochondria produce water from oxygen while chloroplasts produce oxygen from water.

A cell with chloroplasts and a cell wall made of cellulose would likely belong to a(n)

oak tree from Kingdom Plantae

During aerobic cellular respiration, ___________ combines with hydrogen ions and the product is released as a by-product of respiration.

oxygen

What was the major contributor of oxygen to earth's early atmosphere?

photosynthesis

During the first step of cellular respiration, glucose is converted into

pyruvate

In the chemical process of photosynthesis, sunlight is primarily considered a(n)

reactant

Look carefully at the model. Plants take in and release carbon dioxide. Plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. What process releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere?

respiration

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the

respiration of consumers.

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

sugar and oxygen

Which of these products is formed during the metabolic reactions of cellular respiration?

water

Which of these CORRECTLY explains one difference between the processes of photosynthesis and respiration?

The Calvin cycle takes place only in the chloroplast.

What process releases the least ATP per molecule of glucose for immediate cell use?

anaerobic respiration

According to the table, what is the optimum temperature for the production of glucose in plants?

30 degrees Celsius

On average, how many molecules of ATP are gained through the process of aerobic cellular respiration from one glucose molecule?

34-36

_____ + 3H2O + light → C3H6O3 + 3O2 What amount and substance balance this reaction?

3CO2

What is an explanation of why producers are always found at the lowest trophic level?

Producers convert light energy into chemical energy.

The process of photosynthesis can be represented by the chemical formula (photosynthesis formula)

6CO2 +6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Why is oxygen important for all body cells?

It is involved in energy producing cycles.

Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 This is the chemical reaction that occurs during photosynthesis; identify which of these is a product in this chemical reaction.

Oxygen

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

Oxygen

Given two areas with equal sunlight and available water. Area I has a high amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide while Area II has a low amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. How does the rate of photosynthesis in Area I compare to that in Area II?

The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in carbon dioixde.

During the winter time, the total number of hours of sunlight decreases. What effect would this have on the process of photosynthesis?

The rate of photosynthesis would decrease and less glucose would be produced.

Plants use carbohydrates to build things such as cellulose. How do plants acquire these building blocks to build mass?

They make carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis.