USAF Greenbelt Questions

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This technique is performed by identifying related subgroups within the data to discover if a relationship exists between two variables that are plotted on a Scatter Diagram. A Extrapolation B Nominal Group Technique C Stratification D Multi-variable Analysis

If we are working with discrete data and we want to compare three or more groups of data in categories, the appropriate test is... A ANOVA. B 2-Sample t-test. C 2-Proportion test. D Chi-Square test.

The ___________ is a Lean Six Sigma tool or technique that stresses "learning through Genchi Genbutsu," a Japanese term that means "go and see." A Value Stream Map B Visual Map C Quality Circle D Ohno Circle

Which of the highlighted areas on this Cause and Effect Diagram is where one of the six major categories of causes is listed? A Area A B Area B C Area C

Which one of the following Control Charts would be used to monitor Attribute Data? A p Chart B X-bar and S Chart C X-bar and R Chart

What is the term used to describe the established standard or correct answer in an Attribute Gauge R & R study? A Standard Measurement Panel B Master Attribute C Standard Gauge Block D Master Gauge Standard

A CTQ tree translates customer requirements into quantified requirements. Which of the following is an example of a quantified requirement for an auto repair shop? A Clean waiting room B Accurate and detailed bill C Wait time for pick-up must not exceed 30 minutes D Well-stocked vending machine

Measuring the effectiveness of the test solution and determining if it can be improved occurs in which PDCA phase? A Plan B Do C Check D Act

Which one of the following best describes a Risk Priority Number? A The probability of failure B The probability that the cause is related to the failure C The relative ranking of the risks of failure D The number of consecutive days since the last failure was reported

Which one of the following best describes the relationship of the points shown on this Scatter Diagram? A Strong Positive B Weak Positive C No linear correlation exists D Weak Negative E Strong Negative

Under what circumstances might a competing conflict style be appropriate? A When the conflict involves mutually exclusive alternatives B When the issue at hand is not very important C When addressing the issue could make it worse D When a decision must be made quickly and there is no time to build consensus

Which Workplace Design outcome results from enabling work to move continuously from step to step, rather than requiring operations to stop and start? A A flow and pull work area B A cross-trained workforce C A flexible workforce D An optimized work environment

Which of the following activities does a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis involve? A Calculating the actual probability of a failure for the given time period B Predicting the expected number of failures in a given time period C Predicting the time of first failure D Studying how and what potentially could cause a product or process to fail

Which of the following is NOT a step of Changeover Reduction? A Observe and fully understand the current state of the changeover process and how it is performing B Identify and separate changeover process steps into key operations C Transfer internal time to external time D Transfer external time to internal time

Which of the following is NOT an external driver of change? A government regulation B competition in the marketplace C shifting consumer demands D workforce diversity

Which one of the following best describes how the capability of a process using discrete data should be expressed? A Using Cp and Cpk values. B In terms as mu and sigma. C Using the natural tolerance. D Using percent defective, defects per unit, or a DPMO level.

Which one of the following is NOT a benefit that comes from reducing variation in a process? A Capability improves. B DPMO is reduced. C Costs go down. D Customer requirements will change.

To prepare the work environment to contain visual information and controls, which one of the following Lean techniques is most widely used? A Value stream mapping B 5S C Kaizen D Mistake proofing

Scrap and rework are part of which of the following categories of the Six Big Losses? A Availability B Performance C Quality D Overall

The symbol X-bar refers to which one of the following terms? A Percentage B Standard Deviation C Sample Average D Range

The true test of significance is... A the null hypothesis test. B the alternate hypothesis test. C p-value. D Beta value.

Clearly defining the boundaries of a process... A helps define customer requirements. B helps prevent "scope creep." C drives automation improvements. D allows for management techniques to take effect.

The Pareto Chart is primarily used to... A map the process. B provide a visual picture of a process that helps identify variations to target or where defects are occurring. C prioritize problems from those that happen most often to those that happen least often. D show the relationship between an effect and potential root causes.

What is ROI? A Return on Inventory B Rate of Increase C Return on Investment D Revenue over Investments

What is the overall focus of Visual Management? A To highlight problem areas to expose waste in the process B To promote delivery of products and services JIT C To create an organized, clean, efficient workspace by ensuring standard practices are clear and visible to all D There is no one overall or primary focus of Visual Management

Which one of the following uses a Risk Priority Number in assessing and prioritizing improvement efforts? A Histogram B Pareto Chart C FMEA D Cause and Effect Diagram

Which one of these diagrams shows how process capability can be determined? A Diagram A B Diagram B C Diagram C

Which one of these processes would have the least amount of measurements go out of spec if the process mean shifted towards the upper spec limit? A Process A B Process B C Process C

A graph that works well with smaller data sets of ungrouped quantitative data is the... A Bar Chart. B Pareto Chart. C Pie Chart. D Dot Plot.

Based upon the information shown in the following box plot, which one of the following statements is correct? A The interquartile range is greater than the range. B The mean of the data is shown as the center line in the box. C The 50th percentile is less than 30. D The median of the data is greater than 30.

Discrete variables produce discrete data that is... A measured. B replaced. C not replaced. D countable.

A TOC tool which is used to examine the cause and effect logic behind the current situation and which helps determine why that situation is different from its preferred state is the... A intermediate objective map. B current reality tree. C prerequisite tree. D future reality tree.

Which one of the following techniques is most commonly associated with reducing set-up time? A Kaizen B Changeover reduction C Six Sigma D Value stream mapping

Which one of the following best completes the statement? The shape of the data shown in this graph can best be described as... A bell-shaped B skewed right C skewed left D uniform

The Goal or AIM Statement... A proposes a solution. B focuses on symptoms of the problem. C guides the whole project and keeps the team on task. D may contain a variable or unit of measure not included in the Problem Statement.

The PLAN step of PDCA can actually be broken down into two activities:identifying and defining the process, product, or service problem, and... A communicating with customers. B selecting leverage metrics. C analyzing the identified problem. D choosing SMEs to assist in checking things out.

The capability of a process that uses discrete data is expressed using all of the following except... A PPM defective. B defects per unit. C percent defective. D Cp and Cpk.

The term that best describes the average number of cell phones owned by 100 households in the United States is... A Population Statistic. B Population Parameter. C Sample Parameter. D Sample Statistic.

Which of the following questions are generally used only to prove a point, and may not be very helpful in most conflict situations? A Open Questions B Focused Questions C Closed Questions D Leading Questions

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding p-value? A The result of every hypothesis test includes a p-value B The p-value is the true test of significance C The p-value represents the probability that the null hypothesis is TRUE D If the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05, there is NOT a significant difference -- fail to reject the Null hypothesis

Which one of the following is used to estimate the population mean? A DPMO B population standard deviation C sample standard deviation D sample mean

A Kaizen Event is typically executed within what time period? A One day B One week C One month D One quarter

A characteristic on which the elements of a population or sample differ from each other is a... A Constant. B Parameter. C Statistic. D Variable.

A random sample of 8 measurements had a sample mean of 5.2 and a median of 6 and a mode of 4. Which of the following statements is correct? A The sum of the measurements is 48. B 50% of the data is less than or equal to 5.2. C The frequency is 3. D The 50th percentile of the data is 6.

A statistical tool or technique used to identify, rank, and prioritize issues relative to the cause of a specific problem, or a variation within a project, process, or organization is a... A cause and effect analysis. B FMEA. C control chart. D Pareto analysis.

Which type of question allows people to respond on their own terms in describing their thoughts and feelings? A Probing B Closed-ended C Open-ended

The two main branches of statistics are known as... A Estimation and Inferential. B Descriptive and Graphical. C Inferential and Graphical. D Descriptive and Inferential.

There are three types of reactions in a Reaction Plan. They are... A 1) simplify, 2) eliminate, and 3) standardize. B 1) documentation, 2) communication, and 3) training. C 1) pictures, 2) flowcharts, and 3) diagrams. D 1) the compensation action, 2) a corrective action, and 3) prevention.

What does SIPOC stand for? A Supplier, Information, Process, Outputs, Customers B Supplier, Inputs, Purpose, Outputs, Customers C Scope, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers D Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers

What is another name for the Cause and Effect Diagram? A Cause and Defect Diagram B Affinity Diagram C Block Diagram D Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram

What tool is used to communicate the new or changed process to stakeholders and provides details about what it is, why it is needed, how the change will be put in place and expected outcomes? A Pugh Matrix B FMEA C Solution Selection Matrix D Implementation Plan

A Control Plan is a written summary of the systematic approach the team will use to minimize product and process variation. It outlines... A the steps that should be followed to ensure all process outputs are stable and operating within required specifications. B defining the problem, measuring the process baseline, analyzing key metrics, improving the process, and controlling key variables to hold the gains. C planning the control exercise, confirming the scope, gathering data and information, creating a draft map, and validating the final output. D taking the results from one project and applying them to another.

A project team is working on a cycle time problem. The team and stakeholders have been established and now the customer must be identified. The customer of the project is NOT likely to be which of the following... A Process owner. B End user. C Next downstream organization. D External customer.

A reliability metric suitable for longer periods of time but not useful for daily or weekly reporting is... A mean time between failure (MTBF). B overall quality rate. C reliability rate. D mean time to repair (MTTR).

A tool that helps turn a large, seemingly overwhelming amount of work into tasks that are doable, manageable, and measurable is called a... A WBS (Work Breakdown Structure). B SIPOC. C Project Charter. D SMART.

An Error Proofing "control".... A prevents a failure from moving forward until it has been corrected. B provides only a signal that an error has occurred, but work can continue C shuts down the process completely when an abnormality has been detected. D lets the operator know the process is out of control.

How is 5S/6S utilized during Lean improvement activities? A Guides organizations to create and maintain an organized, clean and safe work environment as a foundation for achieving Lean B Highlights the cost impact of adding queuing locations within the office area C Used strictly in a manufacturing environment and is not generally utilized in any office or service Lean improvement activity D Categorizes process steps into value-added and non value-added activities

If the intent of your project is to design and implement a new software package for tracking inventory, the initial Voice of the Customer analysis should be done in which project phase? A Define/Measure B Analyze C Improve D Control

If the natural tolerance of a process was reduced, which one of the following would have changed? A Process variation B Process mean C Specification limits D Process target

If the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05... A reject the null hypothesis; determine there is a statistically significant difference. B rerun the hypothesis test. C collect more data (increase the sample size). D accept the null hypothesis; there is no statistically significant difference.

If the team is identifying operations within the Value Stream where continuous flow cannot be achieved and production needs to be scheduled, it is utilizing what Lean tool/methodology? A Implementing a Pull System B Holding a Kaizen Event C Calculating Changeover Time D Identifying Value-Added Time

In Workplace Design and Layout, standing is often better than sitting because it allows for ease of movement and is more flexible to the operator. A True B False

In Workplace Design and Layout, which cell design is used to minimize travel and material handling? A U-Shape B Circle C Straight Line D Converging Line

In the Preparation Phase, what is the Kaizen Event team's first task? A Document and agree upon the business opportunity or gap B Have the floor workers determine the main problem to evaluate C Decide if more than five weeks is required for the project D Determine what needs to be planned and how much it will cost

Information is primarily communicated one-way in: A Training sessions and information-sharing meetings. B All types of meetings. C Information-sharing meetings. D Training sessions.

The Scatter Diagram... A shows the type of correlation that may exist between two variables. B shows the relationship between the mean and standard deviation of the data. C displays the amount of variablility in multiple samples. D requires the data be plotted in time order sequence.

These are the control charts for two similar machines. Since both Machine A and Machine B produce the same product, the opportunities for error are the same. However, the means for the two processes are different. How does the process capability of the two machines compare? A Machine A is more capable. B Machine B is more capable. C Both machines have the same process capability.

Total Productive Maintenance performance utilizes the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric to characterize the overall performance of a single piece of equipment or even an entire factory. A True B False

True or false? "In any sample data set, the sum of all the values is equal to the product of the mean and the sample size." A True B False

Using information gathered from sample data to make estimates, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data called a population is known as... A Inferential Statistics. B Data Dumping. C an Informed Decision. D Descriptive Statistics.

What are the two categories of change drivers? A internal and external drivers B competitive and strategic drivers C personal and organizational drivers D economic and technological drivers

What is the final phase of 5S? A Sustain B Shine C Set in Order D Standardize E Sort

Which phase of PDCA helps the team leader focus on the early planning for the meeting? A Plan B Do C Check D Act

Which term can be used to measure the capability of a process? A Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) B Process Quality C Just in Time (JIT) D Design of Experiments (DOE)

Which term is used when opposing factions handle conflict by forming an alliance to influence others to accept their position?ACoalitionBCompromiseCConsensusDCooperation

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the number of defects per unit? A Attribute B Variables

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the percent defective parts in a sample? A Attribute B Variables

An Error Proofing "alert".... A prevents a failure from moving forward uncorrected. B provides a signal that an error has occurred. C shuts down the process completely when an abnormality has been detected. D alerts management to visit the process.

The five steps of a VOC Study are... A Plan, Display, Collect, Analyze, and Execute. B Plan, Develop, Collect, Analyze, and Integrate. C Plan, Evaluate, Collect, Analyze, and Improve. D Plan, Determine, Control, Analyze, and Integrate.

When the variation in a process is reduced, its natural tolerance will... A get larger. B get smaller. C remain the same.

When using a solution design matrix, the importance rating of each of the key criteria items is the same. A True B False

When using an X and MR Chart, MR refers to which one of the following terms? A Mean Range B Moving Range C Median Range D Maximum Range

Which of the following is the process of working together for a common purpose or benefit? A Assertiveness B Cooperation C Communication D Conflict Management

R&R in Gauge R&R represents... A Reliable & Reduction. B Readability & Resistance. C Repeatability & Reproducibility. D Record & Readjust.

The biggest mistake you can make when using an A3 is... A going to the Gemba. B over planning during the PDCA process. C not grasping the situation. D using both sides of the sheet of paper.

The buffer in a theory of constraints system... A enforces the pace. B authorizes production. C protects the critical chain. D sets the pace.

Which factor should be considered when selecting improvement projects? A Order of project submittal B The impact on the Human Resources department C Alignment with business strategy and goals D How success will be rewarded

A good tool for displaying customer survey data with respect to satisfaction and importance of the question is... A an Affinity Diagram. B a Scatter Diagram. C a QFD Matrix. D a Perceptual Map.

Based upon the information shown in this frequency distribution, which one of the following is the value of the cumulative relative frequency for the fourth class? A 10 B 37 C .192 D .712

In a Value Added Analysis, steps within a process can be defined as Value-added activities, Non value-added activities and.... A Value-multiplying activities. B Value-subtracting activities. C Non-standard activities. D Non value-added (required) activities.

In a process map the oval is used to... A denote a process task. B denote a decision point. C identify defects in the process. D indicate a starting or stopping point.

Waiting, transport, extra processing and motion are all forms of... A defects. B 5S. C SMED. D waste.

Which term best describes how team and shop floor associates work to maximize the effectiveness of equipment with the goals of preventing breakdowns and defects? A SMED B TAKT C FIFO D TPM

Which term best describes this definition? "Articulate the general need to the business while linking the project to an organizational goal or a customer need." A Project Scope B Financial Benefits C Problem Statement D Business Case

Which of the following are the building blocks of effective communication: A Be clear and concise B Say what you mean and mean what you say C Actively listen D Seek to understand and provide clarity E All of the above

Which of the following is an example of a blanket statement? A "She has a bad attitude." B "He arrives late at meetings." C "They aren't motivated." D A and B E A and C F B and C

When redesigning a work area it is often helpful to design as if... A one person is to perform all the necessary tasks to make the product or produce the service. B a lot of in-process inventory will be stored to prevent shortages. C people performing work like to move around a lot. D fork trucks will be used to move everything around to reduce the lifting requirements.

Which Lean metric is calculated by subtracting out any time that the value stream is not operating due to meetings, breaks, or other scheduled downtime? A Net Available Time B Cycle Time C Downtime Deduction Time D Scheduled Work Time

Which one of the following statements is correct? A It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a negative standard deviation. B It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a standard deviation equal to zero. C It is impossible to have a sample of measurements where the mean is less than the standard deviation. D It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a positive standard deviation.

Which one of the following terms describes the product or service characteristics that are defined by the customer (internal or external) as important to their needs? A Critical to Quality Variables B Critical to Solution Variables C Quality Management Directives D Critical Operational Variables

Which type of data is plotted on a p Chart? A Attribute Data B Variables Data

A focus group can be defined as... A one-on-one interviews with many people at the same time. B in-depth qualitative interviews with a small number of carefully selected people. C a representative sample of a population that is selected to complete a written survey. D beginning the process of designing a product or service with the needs and expectations of the customer in mind.

Before beginning the actual task of mapping a process it is important to... A define the number of decision points in the process. B clearly define the boundaries of the process. C identify all the inputs to each process step. D identify which decision points lead to a previous step in the process.

In comparing Lean principles to Six Sigma principles, which of these statements is false? A Six Sigma principles are problem-focused B Six Sigma focuses on improving value streams C Lean is focused on process flow D Lean uses visuals to understand the process flow

In order to create a foundation of sincerity and engage each person in the conversation, which of the following is important for both the speaker and the receiver when communicating? A Positive Messaging B Rapport C Reflecting D None of the above

One of the key ideas in Goldratt's theory of constraints is to maximize system performance by... A balancing the production line, i.e., equal capacity at each operation. B strengthening the weakest link the chain. C maximizing production at each operation. D minimizing the buffer.

Which type of conflict can occur between people with similar levels of power and responsibility within an organization? A Manager-to-Employee Conflict B Peer-to-peer Conflict C Work Team or Unit Conflict D Personal Conflict

You check into a hotel and find a mint on the pillow case. This is an example of which one of Dr. Kano's customer requirements? A One-Dimensional B Attractive C Opportunity Rich D Must-be

After checking in at your hotel, you go to your room and discover that the room has not been cleaned. This is an example of which element of a Kano analysis... A Delighter. B One-dimensional. C Must-be. D Moment of truth.

For a process running at the six sigma level of quality, which one of the following represents the equivalent Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value? A 66,810 B 10,000 C 3.4 D 6,000

In the theory of constraints, the pace of a bottleneck production operation is controlled by the pace of... A the previous (upstream) operation. B the next (downstream) operation. C the weakest link. D another non bottleneck operation.

In the theory of constraints, the ultimate goal is... A to maximize throughput. B to balance the flow of work. C to make money now and in the future. D to minimize inventory and operating expense.

In which of the four change transition stages do organizations begin to see results from their change efforts and experience increased curiosity and boosted morale? A Denial B Resistance C Exploration D Commitment

One of the elements to include in the scope of a Kaizen Event is... A products and/or services that will most benefit from the Event. B who is going to tell the customer the problem is fixed. C the starting and ending points that will define the Event boundaries. D the reasons the last Kaizen Event failed.

Sub-optimization is likely to occur when departments or functions are centered around.... A making deliveries. B the customer. C individual organizational goals. D the flow of information.

The Prerequisite Tree... A is designed to provide step-by-step instructions for implementing a course of action. B is used to verify that a proposed action will produce the desired results. C is used to help implement decisions once the course of action has been determined. D is a graphic representation of a system's goal, critical success factors (CSFs), and the necessary conditions (NCs) for achieving them.

The purpose of a Kaizen Event is to... A fix all the problems in the Current Value Stream. B make the process operate at Takt Time. C execute and implement improvements within one week with a "Bias for Action." D decrease costs and increase employee satisfaction.

What Lean tool provides a graphic representation of the flow of materials, information, and process actions within a Value Stream as it exists now, before any improvements are implemented? A Future State Value Stream Map B Product Family Matrix C Current State Value Stream Map D Work Breakdown Structure

What difficulty is often experienced while implementing Lean within a typical office environment? A Lack of potential solutions being identified B Lack of sufficient waste for action to be taken upon C Personnel do not welcome change. They are happy the way things are. D Lack of business objectives

What is the traditional industry target for Changeover Time? A Less than 1 hour B Less than 5 minutes C Less than 10 minutes D Less than 8 minutes

What type of communication involves a free flow of information back and forth until we all have an understanding. It takes into account the possibility of barriers.? AOne-way Communication B Two-way Communication C Transactional Communication D None of the above

Which Lean tool is useful in mapping the flow of the information or product through the office process? A SIPOC Diagram B Future State Value Stream Map C Spaghetti Diagram D Swim Lane Diagram

Which degree of Active Listening occurs when the listener presents the message using his or her own words and sentence structure? A Repeating B Paraphrasing C Reflecting D None of the above

Which of the following activities would not be a part of leveraging a project? A Communicating project savings B Sharing ideas and best practices C Verifying root cause D Identifying "spin-off" projects

Which of the following is most often used with a Cause and Effect Diagram during problem solving analysis? A Measurement system analysis B Capability analysis C Brainstorming D Estimation of common cause variation

Which of the following is not one of the three V's of Communication? A Verbal B Visual C Volume D Vocal

Which of the following is often used to measure the impact of a process improvement project on business results? A DOE B CTQ C ROI D FMEA

Which of the following is the best description of "waste" in Lean methodology? A Low-cost / no-cost solutions that provide only a small amount of value to a product or service B Small batch sizes that keep inventory/work moving through the system but are not as easy for batch operators as a large batch would be C Any process activity that does not add value to the transformation of materials or information into a product or service delivered to a customer D Utilizing a Pull system based on actual consumption doesn't prepare adequately for the "just in case" scenarios that inevitably arise

Which of the following is the name given to the line shown on this graph? A Frequency curve B Cumulative Relative Frequency Curve C Cumulative Frequency Curve D Relative Frequency Curve

Which of the following questions allow very little freedom in how they may be answered? They are often "yes or no" questions. A Open Questions B Focused Questions C Closed Questions D Leading Questions

Which of the following variables is quantitative? A People's favorite sport B Political party affiliation C Square footage of a residential home D Type of customer complaint

Which of the following will enable flow? A Supervising people B Implementing a new inventory management system C Eliminating sources of waste D Reducing the number of your suppliers

Which term is used when conflict is handled by dividing the differences to reach an agreement that is satisfactory to both parties? A Comparison B Consensus C Compromise D Coalition

A tool which shows the inter-relationships of the steps in a process is called a... A Cause & Effect Diagram. B Control Chart. C Pareto Chart. D Process Map.

For the sample data shown here, which one of the following correctly lists the value for the sample standard deviation?Data: 18, 19, 22, 20, 64, 24, 18, 23 A 240.86 B 210.75 C 14.52 D 15.52

Given the following computer printout for a set of sample data, which one of the following represents the value of the Interquartile Range? A 22.3 B 3.175 C 5.075 D 8.25

If an application for a credit card is being considered for opportunities for defects, which listed item(s) would qualify as an opportunity? A The entire application B Every word C Each section D All of the listed items could be considered as an opportunity

In Workplace Design and Layout, which of the following is a benefit when work steps are co-located? A Each process group will have sufficient inventory to process in large batches and deliver to the next group B Since teams are able to collaborate daily via face-to-face communication, it eliminates the need to document formal communication via email C Team leaders who facilitate the value stream process in a co-located work group are more likely to receive promotions and bonuses D Everyone is aware of how much work is in progress and inventory and work queues can be greatly reduced

Lean Goals can be achieved by which of the following? A Decreasing waiting time by implementing a push system B Instituting incoming inspection C Adding more non value-added activities D Reducing waste by using techniques like 5S

Lean transactional processes can be broken down into two primary functions. What are those two functions? A Production, Accounts Payable B Logistics, Management C Human Resources, Finance D Office, Service

PDCA is often used in which phase of the DMAIC methodology? A Define B Measure C Analyze D Improve E Control

Six Sigma has been described as a commitment to your customers, a statistical measurement of processes, and which of the following? A A faddish theoretical method of quality management B A way to increase variation C A method to speed up the process D A management framework for thinking about process economics, quality, and customers

The accuracy of a measurement system has three components. They are... A measurements, data, and information. B precision, process, and people. C gauges, time, and systems. D bias, linearity, and stability.

Which degree of Active Listening occurs when the listener presents the message heard using the exact same words stated by the speaker? A Repeating B Paraphrasing C Reflecting D None of the above

Correlation refers to any kind of association or interdependence between two sets of data or variables. A True B False

VOC is... A a weekly process. B a one-time event. C an ongoing process. D a two-month Process.

Lean manufacturing is most concerned with which one of the following? A Reducing waste B Reducing people C Eliminating bottlenecks in a process

Each Error Proofing effort must focus on three primary phases within the life span of a defect. These three phases are... A cause, failure, and defect. B locate, fix, and charge back. C inspect, rework, check again. D prevention, detection, and inspection.

The day-to-day task for monitoring and continual improvement of the process is the responsibility of the... A Process Owner. B Project Manager. C upper management. D front line workers.

A sample can have more than one... A Mean B Mode C Range D Median

Identifying and analyzing the problem occurs in which PDCA phase? A Plan B Do C Check D Act

Sub-optimization... A occurs when each individual function runs at peak performance without considering other functions or needs. B describes allowing sub-par performance of the supply chain. C considers not improving the entire process across the value stream to meet customer requirements

The Process is ... A the activity that transforms inputs to outputs. B when the process ends. C delivered products or services. D measurable and quantifiable.

What describes the use of a Product Family Matrix? A Compares steps across products and identify families. B Maps material and information flow for a process while identifying waste. C Measures the rate of pace of the service that is needed to meet customer demand. D Evaluates work flows to look for waste and redundancy.

Who is responsible for the sponsorship and commitment of an organization to the Lean Methodology? A Kaizen Team Leader B Executive Champion C Lean Leader D Project Champion

A Product Family refers to a group of products that go through the same or similar process steps, with similar process times and demand rates. How much of the same processing steps are usually shared? A 100% B At least 20% C At least 80% D At least 50%

A project's scope is best determined when using... A customer feedback. B Stakeholder Analysis. C the SIPOC tool.Dthe D MAIC methodology.

The roadmap a team uses to manage and control resources, time and money to meet improvement objectives is the... A problem statement. B goal or AIM statement. C project charter. D business case.

Who should be involved in the preparation of the SIPOC diagram? A The Engineering department should be requested to author all SIPOCs as they have access to all the information needed and can represent the entire company. B A sample of suppliers and customers so they provide information on the problems they have with the process and process associates. C The project sponsor, the process owner, the team leader, and subject matter experts should all be involved. Operations personnel should be included as well, since they are the true process experts. D Outside consultants who "don't have a pony in the race" and can provide an unbiased opinion of all the problems and solutions after an intensive round of interviews with all process associates.

In today's Lean terminology, what are processes associated with non-manufacturing areas of business or administration are referred to as? A Outside Enterprise B Healthcare Functions C Human Resources D Transactional Processes

The drum in a theory of constraints system... A enforces the pace. B authorizes production. C protects the pace. D sets the pace.

Another term for continuous flow is.... A one piece flow. B non stop production. C inspection free material. D zero maintenance time.

When you process what is received through listening and clarifying questions and not jumping to conclusions, which of the four Active Listening rules are you demonstrating? A Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B Withhold judgement C Give your undivided attention to the speaker D Use silence effectively

99% quality represents which Sigma level of quality? A 3.4 B 3.8 C 6 D 99

A SIPOC is the first tool the team may use as it begins to identify process shortcomings that do not meet customer requirements and... A suppliers that should be released from their contracts. B inputs that do not meet its requirements. C requirements that need to be renegotiated. D outputs to slow down so the customers can handle them better.

At what level of detail the Value Stream does the teamwork across all companies, suppliers, and customers? A Single site level B Enterprise level C Product level D Process level

A person waiting until the last possible moment before fully applying themselves to completing a task is an example of... A multitasking. B Parkinson's Law. C suboptimization. D Student Syndrome.

Creating a SIPOC Diagram is a one person effort. A True B False

Which one of the following best describes a positive correlation between two variables as displayed on a Scatter Diagram? A As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables decrease. B As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables increase. C As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables increase to a maximum value and then decrease. D As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables decrease to a minimum value and then increase.

The six-step process to build a Scatter Diagram is... A Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control, Report. B Verify data, Chart data, Analyze data, Track data, Extrapolate data, and Report data. C Form the plan, Follow the plan, Find the data, Chart the data, Read the chart, and, Report the results. D Collect Data, Arrange Data, Make Chart, Plot Data, Understand Chart, and Select Action.

Which of the four conflict modes is both highly assertive and highly cooperative? A collaborating B avoiding C compromising D accommodating

Which of the following types of Communication relies on the listener's interpretation of body language regardless of whether the communication is a positive thumbs sign up or a negative sigh and a look of exasperation? A Closed Communication B Non-verbal Communication C Verbal Communication D Open Communication

Which of the highlighted areas on this Cause and Effect diagram represents the "effect"? A Area A B Area B C Area C

Which one of the following describes how to calculate DPMO? A Number of defects divided by one million B Number of opportunities divided by one million multiplied by the number of defects C Number of defects divided by the number of opportunities multiplied by one million

Which one of the following represents a more severe risk for a Risk Priority Number? A A value of zero B A negative value C A higher value D A lower value

Which phase of PDCA is used to discover how things went and where you might improve for the next meeting? A Plan B Do C Check D Act

Which plan is created to ensure that the champion, mentor, process owner, and key stakeholders are aware of the team's purpose, objectives, members, meetings and deliverables? A Business Plan B GRPI Plan C Communication Plan D AIM Statement

A team is looking at its process from the perspective of the material flow (from the supplier to customer) and information flow (from customer to supplier). What Lean technique are they using? A Root Cause Analysis B 5S C Kaizen Event D Value Stream Mapping

Personal bias, Interruptions, Hidden Agendas, Laziness, Boredom, and Distractions are all examples of: A Assumptions B Rapport C Negative Messaging D Barriers

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the OCC (Occurrence) rating indicate? A The likelihood of the failure occurring B The likelihood that the current control system will detect the cause or failure mode when it occurs C How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D How long the failure will last

In a distribution, the mean is 13.79 and the median is 21. The distribution is... A skewed left. B skewed right. C symmetrical. D bell-shaped.

All of the following should be included in a process map except... A available data, such as sigma level, COPQ, and defect rate. B cause and effect relationships. C the sequence of activities and decision points. D rework loops.

If the data from a valid measurement system showed the number of balance inquiry calls to a call center varied greatly on two different days when the answering of calls had been changed to a new department, it would be due to... A expected variation. B a change to the process. C a change to the measurement system. D a change to the calendar.

In a Changeover Reduction project, external work is described as: A Work that occurs outside a manufacturing facility B Work that may be performed when the process is running C Work that can occur only when the process is stopped D Work that needs to be executed by an external facility

The goal of Visual Management is to... A meet or exceed customer expectation so the business can return to profitability as soon as possible. B highlight problem areas to expose waste in the process so team members can take quick action to eliminate the waste. C beat the competition's quality performance on new displays so market share on key products and/or services can increase. D reduce worker mistakes and errors that negatively impact productivity and uptime metrics.

What is the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for sev=10, occ=5, and det=2? A 52 B 100 C 520 D 17

Which of the following is NOT among the three key techniques for improving a business transactional process? A Eliminate redundancy such as requirements for multiple reviews and approvals, or duplicate copies B Implementing the Current Value Stream map C Eliminate bureaucracy and non-essential processing, especially if it is not an absolute requirement that can be justified D Complete a Value Added Analysis to determine if work activity adds value to the service provided

Which of the following is NOT one of the five attributes of resilient people? A flexibility B commitment C organization D positivity

Which of the following questions are targeted and specific? A Open Questions B Focused Questions C Closed Questions D Leading Questions

Which of the following roles often serves as the resource for removing roadblocks and resistance? A Kaizen Team Leader B Deployment Champion C Kaizen Team Members D Lean Leader

Which one of the following activities are where the team's mission, ground rules, responsibilities, and behavior and feedback determined? A Define Phase. B Team Launch. C Norming Stage. D Project Planning Phase.

Which one of the following expresses the defect level for a process? A DRUW (defect rate for unit of work) B DPMO (defects per million opportunities) C DRPO (defect rate per opportunity) D Per cent waste divided by the per cent of rework

A large population (shape unknown) has a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 40. Which one of the following best describes the percentage of measurements that fall in an interval that is within two standard deviations of the mean? A 95% B At least 95% C At least 75% D 75%

A large population has a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 40. Which one of the following intervals would contain approximately 95% of the measurements? A (160 , 240) B (140 , 260) C (120 , 280) D (200 , 320)

For a process improvement project, Return on Investment is calculated by... A multiplying the project savings by the project cost. B dividing the project cost by the project savings. C dividing the project savings by the project cost. D None of the above.

For the data shown here, which answer correctly lists the values for the mean, median, and mode, respectively?Data: 18, 19, 22, 20, 64, 24, 18, 23 A 26, 20, 18 B 21, 26, 64 C 26, 21, 18 D 21, 21, 18

Future State Value Stream Mapping utilizes four basic time measurement metrics. What are those metrics? A Cycle Time, Changeover Time, Reaction Time, and Lead Time B Downtime, Total Cycle Time, Changeover Time, and Total Lead Time C Cycle Time, Total Cycle Time, Process Lead Time, and Total Lead Time D Uptime, Downtime, Turnover Time, and Takt Time

If the capability of a centered process improves, which one of the following might explain the improvement if that is the only change that occurs in the process? A An increase in the process variation B The width of the specification limits decreased C A decrease in the process variation D An increase in the process variation and a shift off center

If three operators, individually, listened to a recording of the same call and they all identified the call in the same category, that would be an example of... A gauge accuracy. B gauge effectiveness. C gauge reproducibility. D gauge predictability.

Production equipment performance problems can be traced to six major losses. These include... A failing to do, failing to plan, failing to act, failing to check, failing to track, and failing to report. B motion, inventory, human potential, over production, defects, and waiting. C breakdown loss, setup and adjustment loss, cycle time loss, machine stoppage due to parts shortages, startup rejects, and defect loss. D lack of spare parts, under lubrication, management tampering, over adjustment, loose hardware, and lack of tools.

When developing a process map... A use standard operating procedures to validate the process. B document only what you know of the process. C "walk the process" in order to truly understand the process. D document only what the subject matter expert told you as this will assure accuracy.

When the term "Pull" is used in Lean thinking, who is ultimately doing the pulling? A Downstream operations B Takt Time C Actual customer requests, orders, or consumption D The cycle time

When using a u Chart, "u" refers to which of the following terms? A Unit Count B Unit Percentage C Per Unit D Sample Unit

Where does the Project Charter's Measurable Goal come from? A Business Case B Management Directive C Voice of the Customer (VOC) D Project Plan

Savings that have a direct impact on an organization's bottom line are called... A transactional savings. B soft savings. C net savings. D hard savings.

The "p" in p-value represents... A proportion. B percentage. C predictability. D probability.

When creating a process map, the purpose of a walkthrough is to... A check on the best time to set up interviews. B understand who is working on value-added activities and who is not. C collect audit artifacts and documentation samples to check against the master database. D understand what is actually being done and why it is being done.

Which of the following is a characteristic of successful Kaizen Event? A The Event Week is given two weeks of time to assure everyone's opinion is heard. B The agenda follows a free flow style to allow for everyone's approach to receive equal consideration. C Complaint data is used exclusively as input for what needs to be done. D All team members commit to focus on the Kaizen Event full time for the entire event.

A process map that provides an end-to-end view in only three to five steps is a... A Level One process map. B Level Two process map. C Level Three process map. D Level Four process map.

An action in which the cause of variation is identified and corrected temporarily is called... A Corrective Action. B Prevention. C Compensating. D Reaction.

Is the following statement True or False? FMEA stands for failure mode and effects analysis. A True B False

True or False? Every team member should take an active role in leveraging a project. A True B False

What is an effective method for dealing with conflict when a person or side needs time to consider the opposing arguments? A Tabling the issue B Talking about the conflict C Generating alternatives D Making a list

Which type of data is not measured on a numerical scale? A Qualitative B Quantitative C Continuous D Discrete

Which type of data is plotted on a c Chart? A Attribute Data B Variables Data

Cycle time loss due to equipment wear is identified and captured in which Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) category? A Availability B Performance C Quality D Overall

Encouraging ideas and suggestions on a process improvement from your employees addresses which of the Eight Wastes? A Motion B Human potential C Waiting D Inventory

Given the following computer printout for a set of sample data, which one of the following represents the value of the 50th percentile? A 27.825 B 31.00 C 31.808 D 36.075

Given the frequency table shown here, which one of the following correctly lists the values for the mean, median and mode, respectively? A .875, 0, 0 B .875, .5 , 0 C .375, .5, 0 D .375, 0, 0

How is a Pull System different from a Push systems? A A Pull System relies on a forecast or open capacity. B A Pull System is dependent on actual customer orders. C The process must continuously produce product to the maximum capacity of the line. D There is no real difference; a Pull System functions similarly to a Push system.

In a distribution, the mean is 23 and the median is 15.79. The distribution is... A skewed left. B skewed right. C symmetrical. D bell-shaped.

In the pursuit of continuous improvement, the Pareto Chart can be very useful in... A identifying when a process is stable. B identifying which opportunity or problem the team should focus on. C identifying the variation in a process parameter. D identifying the flow of a process.

Information collected and evaluated that we use to make conclusions is called... A sampling. B data. C variables. D populations.

Information collected and evaluated that we use to make conclusions is called... A sampling. B data. Cvariables. D populations.

Non-tangible savings, such as cost avoidance and increased customer satisfaction, are called... A hard savings. B soft savings. C bottom line savings. D asset based savings.

PDCA is an iterative cycle. The two phases that are most often repeated are... A Plan / Do. B Do / Check. C Check / Act.

Select the choice that best completes the following statement: Cpk differs from Cp because the calculation for Cpk uses... A the process standard deviation, sigma. B the process mean, mu. C specification limits.

Standard Work focuses on creating the... A perfect way to perform work. B best possible work method. C way the Process Owners feel it should be done. D way it was proposed for cost estimates.

Which of the four rules of Active Listening is used when you avoid stereotyping and pre-conceived opinions and positions? A Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B Withhold judgement C Give your undivided attention to the speaker D Use silence effectively

Which of these is NOT a potential cost of conflict? A Negative work environment B Decreased employee turnover C Loss of trust and increased competition D Lost productivity

A collection of objects or individuals with at least one characteristic in common is called a... A parameter. B portion. C population. D poll.

A metric that describes the amount of time elapsed from completion of the last good part of a production run, to the first good part of the next run is known as: A Set-up time B Start-up time C Changeover time D Takt time

A team needs to brainstorm potential solutions and establish a priority of importance based on the team's consensus. To do this they should use... A Future Reality Tree. B Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. C Nominal Group Technique. D Benefit - Effort Matrix.

If a customer requires a defect-free product, this is called a... A CTC. B CTD. C CTQ. D CTS.

In which phase of implementing Standard Work does the team set expectations for the amount of time it should take to complete each activity? A Develop Standard Work B Implement C Establish Goals D Analyze Current Process

In which phase of implementing Standard Work is a communication plan for leadership and team members developed while making sure to set clear expectations for roles and responsibilities? A Establish Goals B Analyze Current Process C Implement D Develop Standard Work

One measurement that is often used to measure the impact of a process improvement project on business results is... A DOE. B CTQ. C ROI. D FMEA.

Other names for Changeover Reduction are Quick Changeover, Set-up Reduction and... A Production Improvement B Process Optimization C Single Minute Exchange of Die D SIPOC

Process Lead Time is made up of the individual operation Cycle Times and... A Motion Time. B Supplier Lead Time. C Inventory Delays. D Shipping Time to Customer.

Process capability is defined as... A the estimated percentage of product that falls outside the control limits. B the percentage of points on a specific control chart that are within the control limits. C the extent to which a stable process is able to meet specifications. D the extent to which a process is stable.

The 80 - 20 rule implies that... A 80% of the problems account for 20% of the cost. B 80% of the problems account for 20% of the occurrences. C 80% of the problems are produced by 20% of the causes. D the trivial many have four times as many occurrences as the vital few.

The Cause and Effect Diagram (often called a Fishbone Diagram) displays _____. A a tool used to map the process B a visual picture of a process that helps identify variations to target or where defects are occurring C the many potential causes for a specific problem or effect and immediately sorts ideas into useful categories D used to show the interrelationship of steps in a process

The Pareto Chart is... A a simple bar chart where the height of each bar represents the cumulative frequency of a given category. B an example of a stacked bar chart. C a chart that consists of a series of bars where the height of each bar reflects the frequency or impact of problems. D used for root cause isolation and correction.

The natural tolerance of a process extends a distance of _______ on each side of the process mean. A one sigma B two sigma C three sigma D six sigma

The sum of the deviations of the scores about the mean for any data set... A is always negative. B is always positive. C is always zero. D varies from sample to sample.

The three types of Error Proofing solution implementation techniques are.... A visual, control, and information. B standard, non-standard, and one-off. C alert, control, and shutdown. D warning, stop, and danger.

What type of waste is the result of a process that continues after it should have stopped? A Inventory B Waiting C Overproduction D Defects

Which category of Cost of Quality would include the cost if a group of new cards is printed today with the wrong expiration date and scrapped before delivery to the customer? A Appraisal costs B Prevention costs C Internal failure costs D External failure costs

A critical tool to ensure that the gains from the project are maintained over time is the... A Solution Selection Matrix. B ongoing root cause analysis. C management status meetings. D Control Plan.

After establishing a team of Subject Matter Experts who have in-depth knowledge of the product and process, what are the next three steps of a Root Cause Analysis process? A 1) Measure the symptom to gauge the needed action, 2) Correct the cause by running a Kaizen Event, 3) Re-measure the process to see if the problem has been eliminated. B 1) Go to the Gemba, 2) Map the current state value stream, 3) Investigate the flow issues. C 1) Identify and eliminate the cause of the variation, 2) Simplify the process so errors cannot occur, 3) Standardize the activities such that all work will be performed in exactly the same manner. D 1) Define the problem in terms of the observed effect, 2) Analyze why and when the problem happened, 3) Develop a permanent solution to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

For a bell-shaped distribution, which Z score value would best approximate the 84th percentile? A -2 B -1 C 0 D +1 E +2

The four phases of Standard Work are: A Establish the Process, Analyze Goals, Develop Standard Work, Implement. B Establish Standard Work, Analyze Current Process, Develop Goals, Implement. C Establish Standards, Analyze Current Process, Develop Standard Work, Implement Goals. D Establish Goals, Analyze Current Process, Develop Standard Work, Implement.

The probability that a machine will run for a given amount of time without breakdown is called... A availability. B maintainability. C quality rate. D reliability rate.

Which one of the following describes a distance that is equal to the natural tolerance of a process? A Mu B Sigma C Six times mu D Six times sigma

The Pareto Chart was... A developed by Italian economist named Vilfredo Pareto. B developed by an Italian math professor named Pareto Guiliani. C developed by Walter Shewhart. D developed by Professor Ishikawa.

The components of an Implementation Plan are the Solution Statement, the Work Plan, a Budget and Resource Plan, and a... A Risk Assessment. B Current Reality Tree. C Future Reality Tree. D Affinity Diagram.

The goal when looking at a Product Family Matrix is to look at product or services from a _________ point of view. A Processing B Takt time C Waste D Level of Market Competition

After the Current State Value Stream Map has been created, what is the next step? A Draw a detailed process flow map and assign metrics B Analyze the current process and flow to develop a clear vision of the desired future state C Develop a checklist and walk the process D Implement changes identified by the CSVSM

Based upon the information shown in this frequency distribution, which one of the following is the value of the class width? A 22.4 B 3.2 C 3.0 D 19.2

If a statistical difference cannot be proven... A the team is done with the analysis. B the practical difference should be considered. C the Measure Phase must be repeated. D no further action is required by the team.

In a Cause and Effect Diagram, the terms Process, People, Measurement, Environment, Equipment, and Materials are most often associated with which of the following? A Categories of the effect B Categories of major causes C Assignable causes D The head of the fish

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the DET (Detection) rating indicate? A The likelihood of the failure occurring B The likelihood that the current control system will detect the failure mode should it occur C How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D How long the failure will last

In a cumulative relative frequency curve, the interval with the highest proportion of measurements is the interval with the... A flattest slope. B steepest slope. C backward slope. D negative slope.

What type of communication recognizes the role of the receiver as a communicator through feedback? It is also message centered and is a very simplistic view of the communication process. A One-way Communication B Two-way Communication C Transaction Communication D None of the above

When implementing Lean into office and service areas, one of the first steps is to fully understand the current business process. What Lean Six Sigma tool will help Lean practitioners define their specific process? A The general business policy manual B A process map C Takt Time analysis sheet D Utilization of the 5 Whys thought process

Which of the following best describes the type of maintenance that focuses on equipment improvements or modifications to prevent breakdowns or make maintenance easier? A Breakdown Maintenance B Corrective Maintenance C Preventive Maintenance D Equipment Maintenance

An Error Proofing "shutdown".... A prevents a failure from moving forward uncorrected. B provides a signal that an error has occurred, but work can continue. C stops the process automatically when a failure has been detected. D lets the operator know that it is time to clock out.

If the capability of this process improves, which one of the following best describes a change that would occur? A Process variation would increase. B Specification limits would decrease. C Process variation would decrease. D Amount of product out of spec would increase.

In Visual Management, an example of visual control is... A an improvement team's "parking lot" B measurements taken from machines and displayed. C designated areas for inbound and outbound work. D DMAIC phase ending gate review meeting.

In a 5S effort, what must be done before cleaning the work environment? A Generate audit checklists B Ensure the improvements are put in place as best practices C Organize and arrange the items in the work place D Maintain the improvements over time

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the SEV (Severity) rating indicate? A The likelihood of the failure mode occurring B The likelihood that the current control system will detect the cause or failure mode when it occurs C How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D How long the failure will last

In a production factory that has successfully implemented a Pull System, which of the following typically occurs? A Increased prices B Adding inventory to cover demand C Less inventory D Higher defect rate

In general, cell design guidelines are based on common sense and logic, easy access, error proofing, non-fatigue, and... A how many people are on a work shift. B where the document retrieval system is located. C built-in organization. D having enough space to store the inventory.

In the second part of the Control phase, the team focuses on closing the project. This includes... A forming, storming, norming, and performing. B collecting data from key points in the process, developing a Control Plan, and creating a reaction and re-evaluation strategy to ensure the Control Plan is current. C completing the documentation, handing the project off to the process owner, and leveraging the lessons learned across the organization. D the compensation action, corrective action, and prevention.

In which phase of PDCA does the team measure the effectiveness of the solution and determine whether it can be improved in any way. A Plan B Do C Check D Act

The Scatter Diagram is primarily used to... A show the shape of the data for one variable. B provide a visual picture of a spread of the data for one variable. C display a possible relationship between two variables. D prove a cause and effect relationship exists between two variables.

The types of data used in statistics are... A Numerical and Quantitative. B Qualitative and Categorical. C Qualitative and Quantitative. D Variable and Constant.

To calculate relative frequency, the class frequency is divided by the total number of observations in the data set. Therefore, in a relative frequency distribution, the word "relative" implies "relative to the... A class frequency." B proportion of the data values." C size of the data set." D size of the page on which the graph will be displayed."

Total Productive Maintenance is best described as... A reducing the time and cost of transitioning a process from producing one product to producing a different product. B a process for creating a workspace to enhance value by minimizing travel distances, reducing lead times, improving teamwork, and gaining flexibility. C a team and shop floor initiative focused on optimizing the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment. D a limited scope improvement project intended to provide rapid results typically within one week.

We know that voice of the process data is compared to the voice of the customer to determine process capability. With that understanding, which one of the following, by itself, could be used to assess the capability of a process? A A control chart with both an upper and lower control limit B A histogram C A histogram with specification limits D A Pareto chart

What measurement tool uses a master attribute? A Fishbone Diagram B Pareto Chart C Gauge R&R D Process Chart

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Over-Delegator?" A Likes to be "in the know" and involved in decision making. B Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage of others' help without acknowledging them. C Tends to reassign their responsibilities to others. D Resists taking responsibility for their actions.

Which of the following statements regarding Six Sigma is correct? A Applies only to manufacturing B Works best in financial processes C Reduces variation and eliminates defects D Focuses only on statistical measurement

Which one of the following categories best explains why the number of incoming calls at a service center varies slightly day-to-day? A A change to the measurement system B A change to the process C Expected or common cause variation D None of the above

Which the four rules of Active Listening is used by avoiding multi-tasking which can lead to misunderstanding and misinterpreting the message? A Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B Withhold judgement C Give your undivided attention to the speaker D Use silence effectively

A cumulative percentage curve on a Pareto Chart... A represents the percentage of occurrences for a given category. B represents the cumulative percentage of occurrences for those categories ranked less than the given category. C has a maximum value equal to the total number of occurrences. D is the sum of all the frequencies for all categories up to and including the given category.

A hypothesis test... A is a requirement of every Six Sigma project. B is run using only continuous data. C is run using only discrete data. D helps to determine if differences are statistically significant.

A process runs two 8 hour shifts with 60 minutes for lunch and breaks on each shift. The customer demand is 200 units. Which one of the following is the best approximation of the Takt time for this process? A 12.5 units / hour B 4.8 minutes / unit C 2.1 minutes / unit D 4.2 minutes / unit

Before developing the Future State Value Stream Map, what must the team calculate to determine whether the current process meets customer demand requirements? A Total Cycle Time B Forecast-to-Mean Demand Factor C Lead Time Variances D Takt Time

Error Proofing is also called... A prevention instituting. B failure fixing. C cause detection. D mistake-proofing.

To calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop, which one of the following best describes the information required? A Defect rate only B Volume of work only C Defect rate or volume of work D Defect rate and volume of work

Benefits from reducing variation in a process include improved process capability, decreased costs, and which of the following? A A change of customer requirements B Improvement of the company's culture C A revised project charter D Reduced Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)

A process map that provides a lot of information about process performance including detailed handoffs, all the data sources, cycle time information and that highlights rework loops and delays is a... A Level One process map. B Level Two process map. C Level Three process map. D Level Four process map.

In which stage of the Six Sigma Methodology are the customer's requirements identified? A Improve B Analyze C Define D Control

Using Lean thinking and principles reduces waste, identifies value streams, and provides which of the following benefits? A Suppliers and customers align around your vision automatically. B Permits an increase in planned downtime. C Allows the customer to pull product as needed, rather than pushing product to the customer. D Facilitates a reduction in management layers.

Which phase of PDCA is used to carry out assignments, look for ways to improve, and design the next meeting? A Plan B Do C Check D Act

Which type of data is plotted on an X-bar and S Chart? A Attribute Data B Variables Data

Which type of question has limited response options, often resulting in a Yes or No answer? A Open-ended B Closed-ended C Probing

Which Phase of Standard Work identifies the "best" approach to each work step, and standardizes that approach? A Develop Standard Work B Implement C Establish Goals D Analyze Current Process

Which measurement is more sensitive to extreme values in the data? A Mean B Median C Mode

Which of the following is Not a good brainstorming strategy for problem solving? A Create as many quality solutions as you can in the session. B Go for quantity - generate as many ideas as possible. C Build on each other's ideas. Don't critique or dismiss any ideas at this stage. D Any idea is okay, your goal is to work together to generate as my possible solutions as you can.

Which of the following is considered waste? A Storing extra items in a warehouse B Properly training operators C Packaging products for shipment D Handling customer orders

Which one of the following best describes "net profit"? A Selling price minus costs B The selling price of the product or service C Selling price plus costs D Selling price minus COPQ

Which one of the following describes how to calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop? A (Defect rate) x (Volume) x (Cost of rework per unit) B (Defect rate) x (Opportunity) x (Cost of rework per unit) C (Defect rate) x (Opportunity) ÷ (Cost of rework per unit)

The amount of improvement a team expects to achieve as a result of the project is defined in the... A problem statement. B goal or AIM statement. C stakeholder analysis. D scope statement.

The primary purpose of Changeover Reduction is to... A eliminate waste. B increase production capacity. C decrease manufacturing process steps. D increase yield of transactions."

Think of 6S as the first layer of the foundation needed to support Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The other foundational parts upon which TPM is built are the... A maximization of profits and shareholder value. B elimination of waste and continuous improvement. C reduction of variation and efficiency improvement. D complete training and reduction of loss time.

A tool an improvement team can use to understand and strengthen the pros for change and evaluate and reduce, or eliminate, the cons against change is the... A Force Field Analysis. B Future Reality Tree C Control Plan. D Pugh Matrix.

Changeover reduction is best described as: A A structured methodology and technique used to reduce the combined amount of Set-up and Start-up time it takes to change from running one specific calibration or type of product to another B Synchronizing the speed of process steps in line with customer requirements C A shop floor team initiative focused on optimizing the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment D Getting quicker by separating internal work activities and external work activities

Examine the two processes A and B shown. Which one of the following statements is correct? A Process A is more capable than Process B. B Process B is more capable than Process A. C Cannot compare the capability of two processes that are not centered on target. D Cannot compare the capability of two processes that have different amounts of spread.

In a process map the rectangle is used to... A denote a process task. B denote a decision point. C identify defects in the process. D indicate a starting or stopping point.

In a theory of constraints context, policies, rules, measurements, and training are examples of... A non-physical constraints. B organizational imperatives. C physical constraints. D things needing to be buffered.

In a theory of constraints system, throughput of the process is determined by... A the system constraint, or weak link. B the money flowing out of the system. C the money in the system. D customer demand.

Which one of the following correctly ranks these processes from the LEAST capable to the MOST capable? A A,B,C B B,C,A C C,B,A D A,C,B

Which one of the following processes has a Cpk value that is less than Cp? A Diagram A B Diagram B

Which one of the following statements best defines Cost of Poor Quality? A The cost of doing the right things right the first time B Represents the costs incurred by an organization from not performing work correctly the first time or not meeting the customer's expectations C The cost of a service performing at 100 percent quality the first time D Total quality costs minus the cost of good quality

Which statement about Lean implementation is false? A When Lean and Six Sigma are combined the results are powerful. B Lean minimizes customer value and maximizes waste. C Lean promotes shorter cycle times, faster process times, and higher quality. D Lean implementation is appropriate for office and service organizations.

A Cause and Effect Diagram is _____. A a tool used to identify and organize potential root causes B another name for a process map C a diagram depicting the recommended improvement to a process D not typically used for Six Sigma projects

Before the team can start the PDCA process to implement changes, it must first define the problem, identify root causes, and determine countermeasures. A True B False

In more complex projects, the buffer at the end of each task which protects the critical chain process from variation due to noncritical tasks is the... A feeding buffer. B chain buffer. C rope buffer. D inventory buffer.

On a Cause and Effect Diagram, the effect or problem must be clearly stated before causes are listed. A True B False

Pareto Charts can be used to rank problems by representing the problems in terms of their dollar costs rather than frequency. A True B False

The Red Tag event is part of which phase of 5S? A Sort B Set in Order C Standardize D Sustain E Shine

The control chart for this process shows a decrease in u-bar. Select the choice that best completes the following statement: "If this is the only change in the process, then the capability of this process has..." A has gotten better. B has gotten worse. C will not change when u-bar changes.

The cost related to verifying, checking, and testing of purchased goods and/or services before use are example of which category of Cost of Quality? A Appraisal costs B Internal failure costs C Prevention costs D External failure costs

The mean and standard deviation of the grades of 500 students who took a statistics test were 69 and 7, respectively. The shape of the distribution is not known. Based on this information, which one of the following is the best estimate of the percentage of students with grades between 55 and 83? A At least 75% B 95% C 99% D At least 89%

The rope in a theory of constraints system... A controls material release duration in order to keep the buffer at a certain level. B authorizes production. C protects the pace. D sets the pace.

What type of Kanban is used when one container of parts is to be moved to a production line or supermarket? A Withdrawal Kanban B One-card Kanban C Kanban Square D Two-card Kanban

What type of communication focuses on getting the message to the receiver. It is very message centered. A One-way Communication B Two-way Communication C Transaction Communication D None of the above

When can internal activities be performed? A When the machine is not running B While the equipment is in use C During the last good portion of the previous run D When the machine is starting up

When developing an initial process map... A make sure that it is an "as is" representation of the process. B make sure that you indicate what you believe should be occurring. C include all sub-processes. D ignore rework loops.

Which term describes the Six Sigma Methodology used for process improvement?A Process Problem Improvement (PPI) B Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) C Process Quality Management and Improvement (PQMI) D Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the diameter of a pipe? A Attribute B Variables

What are the three basic rules of Cause and Effect? A 1) Everything happens for a reason, 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain, 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition. B 1) Brainstorm ideas and solutions, 2) Record the output, 3) Share the information with the Stakeholders to gain their concurrence. C 1) Display the many potential causes for a specific problem or effect, 2) Immediately sort the ideas into useful categories, 3) Weight the ideas by team consensus. D 1) Use it to study a problem to determine the root cause, 2) Examine the potential reasons why a process is having problems, 3) Fix them.

What is the term used to describe the process when an analyst predicts a value for the dependent variable outside the range of the data plotted on the Scatter Diagram? A Extrapolation B Nominal Group Technique C Stratification D External prediction

The Value Stream of a product or service can be broken down into three parts. What are the three parts? A 1) The flow of invoices from suppliers to customers,2) the collection of materials for use in products and services, and3) the flow of information that supports the material flow and its transformation. B 1) The flow of materials from suppliers to customers, including internal and external customers,2) the transformation of materials into products and services, and3) the flow of information that supports the material flow and its transformation. C 1) The materials used by suppliers and customers, including both internal and external customers,2) the arrangement of materials and data into products and services, and3) the flow of workforce labor that supports the material flow and its transformation. D 1) The lead time the supplier needs,2) the value-added portion of the operation, and3) the flow of the back office "hidden factory."

Three general categories used to classify reasons accounting for change in selected data are... A personal opinion, business goals, and calendar events. B expected variation, change to the process, and change to the measurement system. C scientific exploration, analytical data collection, and empirical observations. D personal experience, scientific data collections, and third party surveys.

Using error or mistake proofing within Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is the preferred method for... A avoiding having to make a design change. B improving detection techniques or equipment. C adding inspection points in the process to monitor for the failure mode. D changing the specifications to eliminate the defect.

What could be a solution for an operator receiving thirty calls only requesting a balance inquiry, but identifying 10 of them as balance inquiries and the other 20 as other call types? A Accept the data because all data is good B Standardize the definition of balance inquiry call C Create a new measurement system to agree with the findings D Redefine the master attribute

What is being described by the following? It tells a clear and concise story. It contains objective facts and data; not just speculation, but actual data based on observation. It solves a problem. A The importance of a PDCA study B The three critical components of a good A3 C The best way to draw a Gemba roadmap D The steps of a good root cause investigation

What is the term used to describe when the average value of multiple measurements of an event are equal to the true value? A Zero defects B Accuracy C Precision D Repeatability

What tools are best used to share lessons learned from projects? A Team meetings, the Internet, and spin-offs B Documentation, communication, and training C Replication projects, spin-offs, and repeat activities D Define, Measure, Analyze, Control, and Improve

When initiating Error Proofing, why is it important to select a team of people who regularly execute the work steps? A So leadership can make sure the process stays the way they want it to remain. B Because they are the ones who know the most about the work activities. C So they can get experience in Lean techniques. D So they can be held responsible for addressing the issue.

When running a Test of Equal Variance for Normal data, which test statistic is read when you are comparing several samples? A F-test B Bartlett's test C Levene's test D Standard deviation

Which Lean tool enables flow by defining the sequence of steps and the time required to perform them? A Visual Management B Standard Work C 5S D Process Mapping

Which meetings have the highest potential for conflict? A Information-sharing and decision-making B Decision-making and problem-solving C Information-sharing and training D Problem-solving and training

Which of the following best describes characteristics of people going through Stage 1 of the four change transition phases? A failure to acknowledge the necessity for change and attempts to sabotage change efforts B failure to acknowledge the reality of change and tendency to avoid discussing changes C attempts to prevent change and lost productivity D increased excitement about new procedures and renewed sense of teamwork

Which of the following is NOT a part of the A3 Countermeasures? A Actions that address existing conditions B Putting in place a one time permanent solution that solves the problem C A temporary response until a better approach is found or conditions change D Short term and long term actions

Which of the following is a decision process where each member accepts the group's decision on the basis of logic and feasibility? A Compromise B Consensus C Hard approach D Soft approach

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Credit Grabber?" A Likes to be "in the know" and involved in decision making. B Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage of others' help without acknowledging them. C Tends to reassign their responsibilities to others. D Resists taking responsibility for their actions.

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Know-it-all?" A Aggressive or passive-aggressive behavior, and often displays a single-minded focus and intense drive to get things done. B Knowledgeable and competent, and often a very valuable member of the team. C Has a tendency to complain, worry, and wallow. D All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness.

Which of these suggestions contributes to a successful walk through? A When needed due to a system irregularity, rely on estimated times so a "normal" production cycle is mapped B Do a quick pre-walk of the process to become familiar with the general flow of the product C Each team member should be responsible to report only one or two portions of the process D Start at the middle of the process and proceed to the end, gathering detailed information at each process.

Which one of the following best completes the statement? "The Pareto Chart is often associated with the..." A concept of the "vital many versus the trivial few." B 80 - 20 rule. C process for identifying potential root causes for a given effect. D method for identifying when special cause variation may be occurring in a process.

The average weight for the five starting offensive linemen of the Charlotte Panthers is 300 pounds. The heaviest starter gets injured and his replacement weighs 20 pounds more than the injured starter. Which of the following statements are correct? A The average weight of each player on the new offensive line increased by 20 pounds. B The average weight of the new offensive line is 305. C Without knowing the player's weights, we can't compute the average weight of the new line. D The range of the weights for the new offensive line is 20 pounds greater than the range of weights for the original five starters.

The cumulative frequency divided by the total number of observations computes the... A Pareto principal. B population mean. C frequency count. D cumulative percentage.

What type of communication can be defined as the free exchange of ideas and information based on trust? A Closed Communication B Non-verbal Communication C Verbal Communication D Open Communication

When implementing Lean which of the following creates value for the customer? A By implementing a Push system B By implementing faster cycle times for non value-added process steps C By identifying the Current Value Streams in your company D Giving the customer what they need, when needed, and of the quantity needed

When selecting team members for an improvement project it is important to consider... A if they have a reputation for proposing solutions. B how long the person has been with the company. C if they are from the Engineering Department. D their commitment to serving customers and their problem-solving abilities.

Which category of Cost of Quality is associated with rework loops, unnecessary maintenance, and scrap? A External failure costs B Prevention costs C Appraisal costs D Internal failure costs

Which hypothesis test is appropriate for comparing two sample means? A 2-Proportion test B ANOVA Two-Way C Paired t-test D 2-Sample t-test

Which of the 5S/6S phases is being described by the following actions? Be sure file cabinets are not overloaded. Make sure that tripping hazards are eliminated. Keep emergency and medical supplies in clearly marked locations. A Setup B Security C Satisfaction D Safety

Which of the following is a benefit of the 5S phase Sustain? A Improves productivity and workplace flexibility B Places required tools and materials needed for the process step in easy reach of the worker C Improves overall work environment D Improves employee morale and builds self-discipline within the business culture to ensure 5S activities become habit

Which of the following is a characteristic of Visual Management? A Self controlling B Self managing C Self directing D Self explaining

Which of the following is a way of expressing our needs, wants, and feelings in an open, honest manner, without violating the rights and feelings of others? A Passive Communication B Aggressive Communication C Passive-Aggressive Communication D Assertive Communication

Which of the following is the definition of Communication? A It involves speaking, listening and observing. B It involves both parties to the conversation sending information that must be interpreted by the receiver. C Its one-way or two-way in nature D It is "the process in which information, ideas, and understanding are shared between two or more people."

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Pessimist?" A Aggressive or passive-aggressive behavior, and often displays a single-minded focus and intense drive to get things done. B Knowledgeable and competent, and often a very valuable member of the team. C Has a tendency to complain, worry, and wallow. D All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness.

Workplace Design relies on co-locating work processes to... A enhance workspace utilization. B accomplish zero inventory. C increase ease of movement. D improve communication and promote teamwork.

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