USAHS Movement Science I - Components of Functional Tasks

What primary muscle activation (may) occur during the supine-to-side-lying phase of supine-to-sit?

head and cervical rotators hip and knee flexors shoulder flexors and horizontal adductors (delts, pecs) trunk rotators (abdominals)

What primary muscle activation occurs during the 1st phase of reach and grasp?

head, cervical, and trunk rotators

What joint movements occur in the flexion phase of stand-to-sit?

hip and knee flexion (anterior translation of the trunk, posterior shift of pelvis)

What joint motion is involved in the weight shift phase of sit to stand?

hip flexion (anterior weight shift of lower trunk)

What joint motion occurs during the foot placement phase of step-down?

hip flexion (to clear foot from step)

What joint motions occur during the foot placement phase of step-up?

hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion

What joint motions occur in the opposite foot placement phase of step-up?

hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion

What joint motions occur in the stance leg flexion phase of step-down?

hip flexion, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion (to lower body to the ground)

What primary muscle activation occurs during the lateral weight shift phase of step-up?

hip stabilizers and abductors (glut med) on stance leg

What primary muscle activation takes place during the lateral weight shift phase of step-down?

hip stabilizers and abductors on stance leg

What joint motions may occur during the lifting/in-hand manipulation phase of reach and grasp?

increased grip force, movement of object, release of grip force

What joint movement occurs in the hip extension phase of return from forward bend?

initial hip extension

What joint motions may occur during the side-lying to sitting phase of supine-to-sit?

lateral flexion of the neck and trunk abduction and weight bearing on the lower arm leg lifted and lowered over the EOB

What primary muscle activation (may) occur during the side-lying to sitting phase?

lateral flexors of the head/cervical spine trunk lateral flexors (abdominals, QL) elbow extensors (triceps), shoulder extensors and abductors (lats) hip flexors (iliopsoas)

What joint motions occur during the lateral weight shift phase of step-up?

lateral weight acceptance on opposite extremity

What joint motion occurs in the lateral weight shift phase of SLB?

lateral weight acceptance on stance leg

What joint motion occurs in the lateral weight shift phase of step-down?

lateral weight acceptance on stance leg

What joint movements occur in the balance phase of SLB?

maintenance of neutral pelvis, trunk, and foot arch

What are the 2 key phases of stand-to-sit?

1. Flexion - controlled decent 2. contact with chair and trunk extension

What are the 2 phases of forward bend?

1. hip and spinal flexion 2. controlled hip and lumbar flexion

What are the 3 phases of return from forward bend?

1. hip extension 2. trunk extension 3. standing upright

What are the 2 key phases of movement for single leg balance?

1. lateral weight shift 2. balance

What are the 4 phases of movement for step-down?

1. lateral weight shift to stance leg 2. foot placement of swing leg 3. stance leg flexion (lowering of body) 4. weight transfer to dynamic limb

What are the 4 key phases of step-up?

1. lateral weight shift to stance leg 2. foot placement of swing leg 3. weight transfer & extension of stance leg 4. opposite foot placement

What are the 4 key phases of movement of reach and grasp?

1. locate target 2. reach 3. grasp 4. lifting/in-hand manipulation

What are the 2 key phases if supine to sitting?

1. supine to side-lying 2. side-lying to sitting

What are the 4 key phases for sit-to-stand?

1. weight shift 2. lift off 3. extension 4. stabilization

What primary muscle activation occurs during the weight transfer/ extension of stance leg phase of step-up?

Concentric: hip and knee extensors (quads, gluts, hamstrings) Isometric: hip and pelvic stabilizers (glut med)

What primary muscle activation occurs during the opposite foot placement phase of step-up?

Concentric: hip flexors, knee flexors, and ankle dorsiflexors followed by eccentric control to the step

What primary muscle activation occurs during the foot placement phase of step-up?

Concentric: hip flexors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors

What joint motions occur during the 1st phase of reach and grasp?

movement of the eyes (and possibly head and trunk)

What primary muscle activation occurs during the foot placement phase of step-down? (differentiate dynamic and stance legs)

Dynamic leg: concentric hip flexors Stance leg: isometric hip and pelvic stabilizers

What is the primary muscle activation during the weight shift phase of sit to stand?

Eccentric erector spinae

What primary muscle activation occurs during the second phase of stand-to-sit?

Eccentric: abdominals, hip flexors (iliopsoas, sartorius) Concentric: trunk extensors

What primary muscle activation occurs during the 2nd phase of forward bend?

Eccentric: erector spinae, glut max, hamstrings

What primary muscle activation occurs during the stance leg flexion phase of step-down?

Eccentric: hip and knee extensors (quads, glutes, hamstrings) Isometric: hip and pelvic stabilizers (glut med)

What primary muscle activation takes place in the flexion phase of stand-to-sit?

Eccentric: knee and hip extensors (quads, glut max, hamstrings) Isometric: hip and pelvic stabilizers (glut med)

What primary muscle activation occurs in the hip extension phase of return from forward bend?

Hip extensors (glut max, hamstrings)

What joint motions are involved in the lift off phase of sit to stand?

Hip flexion (continuation), anterior movement of the knees, ankle dorsiflexion

What primary muscle activation occurs during the lateral weight shift phase of SLB?

Isometric: hip and pelvic stabilizers (glut med)

What primary muscle activation occurs during the balance phase of SLB?

Isometric: hip and pelvic stabilizers, hip abductors (glut med), quads, hamstrings, gastroc/soleus, tibialis anterior, and iliopsoas on stance leg (to maintain hip, knee, and ankle extension) QL and erector spinae activation on NWB side

What joint motion is involved in the stabilization phase of sit to stand?

neutral alignment of trunk, hips, knees, and ankles

What primary muscle activation occurs during the hip and spinal flexion phase of forward bend?

abdominals & hip flexors

What joint motions occur during the weight transfer/ extension of stance leg phase of step-up?

anterior weight transfer, hip and knee extension, relative ankle plantarflexion

What occurs in the standing upright phase of return from forward bend?

body alignment in ideal plumb line

What is the primary muscle activation during the lift off phase of sit to stand?

co-contraction of hip and knee extensors (quads)

What is the primary muscle activation during the extension phase of sit to stand?

concentric hip and knee extensors (quads, glut max, hamstrings) and isometric hip and pelvic stabilizers

What primary muscle activation occurs in the trunk extension phase of return from forward bend?

concentric: hip extensors (glut max, hamstrings) & lumbar erector spinae

What joint motions occur in the 2nd phase of forward bend?

continued hip (70 degrees) and spinal flexion (40 degrees)

What joint motions occur during the trunk extension phase of return from forward bend?

coordinated hip and spine extension

What primary muscle activation occurs during the grasp phase of reach and grasp?

finger flexors

What primary muscle activation occurs during the lifting/in-hand manipulation phase of reach and grasp?

finger mm

What joint motions may occur during the grasp phase of reach and grasp?

formation of a power grip (hook, spherical, cylindrical) or a precision grip

What joint movements occur in the hip and spinal flexion phase of forward bend?

posterior sway of pelvis and simultaneous hip and spinal flexion

What joint motions may occur during the supine to side-lying phase of supine to sit?

rotation and flexion of the head and neck hip and knee flexion shoulder flexion with scapular abduction trunk rotation

What joint motions are involved in the extension phase of sit to stand?

simultaneous hip and knee flexion

What joint movements occur in the second phase of stand-to-sit?

trunk extension

What joint motions (may) occur during the reach phase of reach and grasp?

trunk extension, rotation, side bending, and/or flexion scapular upward rotation shoulder flexion elbow flexion, extension, pronation or supination

What primary muscle activation (may) occur during the reach phase of reach and grasp?

trunk stabilizers scapular upward rotators (serratus anterior, traps) shoulder flexors or abductors (delts), rotator cuff mm for stability elbow flexors, extensors, supinators or pronators wrist extensors or flexors and finger extensors to prepare for grasp