Veterinary Dentistry

Cheek teeth (grinders)

2nd premolars of the horse. The cheek teeth slowly erupt to compensate for the constant grinding which wears away 2-3mm per year. For this reason, horses have very long teeth that are refered to as hypsodont which means "high tooth."

How many permanent teeth are found in a normal adult goat?

32

Horses are typically about _year(s) old when they first have all of their permanent incisors.

5 years old

enamel hypoplasia in ruminant

Chronic excessive ingestion of fluoride by cattle during the critical periods of tooth development, amelogenesis (enamel formation) and dentinogenesis (dentin formation) especially on the lower incisors.

Which part of the tooth is considered to be living tissue?

Dentin and pulp

What is wrong with this rabbit?

Malocclusion

Into which two foramina (holes) is local anesthetic typically injected for dental nerve blocks in dogs and cats?

Mandibular and infraorbital

epulis

a general term for a gingival mass. a Canine ameloblastoma (formerly called acanthomatous epulis) is the most common benign oral tumor of dogs.

As horses age, the occlusal surfaces of the incisors become more and the angle between the upper and lower incisors becomes .

Triangular,Acute.

In which subpopulation of dogs is a metal crown most likely to be used to address repeated dental trauma?

Working dogs

peridontium

another name for all the structures that SUPPORT a tooth. These include the gums, the tooth root cementum, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone of the jaw to which the ligaments attaches.

FORL

called Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions, or "neck lesions") where tooth material is resorbed around the "neck" of a tooth. Possibly infectious, but the actual cause is not yet known.

Galvayne's groove

is a dark line that appears at the gingival margin on the buccal surface of the third upper incisor (103 and 203) starting at -10 years of age. It is often used to very roughly estimate age.

What is The advantages of Sonic dental scalers

do not build up heat like the other 2 kinds of scalers.

hypsodont teeth

for most of the life of the animal. grow Continual growth helps to offset occlusal wear experienced by adult teeth of grazing animals (e.g., horses, ruminants). Hypsodont teeth have a large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin, and the tooth apices remain open for a large portion of the adult animal's life, though they do eventually close and tooth growth stops.

gingivitis in cats

gram-negative bacteria in addition to the anaerobes.

lingual surface of tooth

surface toward the tongue.

Ameloblastomas

tumors of the peridontal ligament that often aggressively invade local tissues including bone but generally do not metastasize. Surgical excision is curative but must include a full 1-cm margin of clinically normal tissue to prevent recurrence. may benefit from radiation treatment to minimize disfigurement.

Piezoelectric scaler

they are composed of a ceramic disc. A piezoelectric scaler can break if accidentally dropped.

In which breeds is the problem prognathia considered normal?

(under-bite), brachycephalic dogs. The mandible is longer than the maxilla.

What is the normal depth of the gingival sulcus in Dogs?

1-3 mm.

How many permanent teeth are found in normal cats?

30

Which can cause enamel hypoplasia in the dog?

Distemper virus.

Which protect teeth from bacteria?

Enamel and dentin

Which choice is an endontic procedure?

Endodontic procedures treat the inside of the tooth and the periapical tissues, including the tooth pulp and the tissues around the tooth tip and root. Root canals involve removing dead or dying tooth pulp and filling the canal to seal the tissue surrounding the tooth root. Only dogs and cats older than 12 months can undergo root canals because the root apex doesn't close until 10-18 months of and the root canal narrows due age to dentin production as the animal ages.

Which type of dentistry is a root canal procedure?

Endodontic procedures treat the inside of the tooth and the periapical tissues, including the tooth pulp and the tissues around the tooth tip and root. Root canals involve removing dead or dying tooth pulp and filling the canal to seal the tissue surrounding the tooth root. Only dogs and cats older than 12 months can undergo root canals because the root apex doesn't close until 10-18 months of and the root canal narrows due age to dentin production as the animal ages.

EOTRH

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis is a painful condition of the incisors characterized by dental resorption and excessive cementum production.

Paralleling technique

Intraoral technique that places the image receptor positioned parallel to the long axes of the teeth while the central beam of radiation is directed perpendicularly (at right angles) toward both the teeth and the image receptor.It can only be used on mandibular teeth due to the rostral symphysis of the mandible and the maxilla's adjacent palate.

The chewing surface of posterior teeth is referred to as the:

Is the occlusal surface

retained deciduous tooth

It is best to remove the (also called "persistent deciduous teeth") as soon as possible to prevent periodontal disease, malocclusion, and trauma to the lips.

What is the advantage of a piezoelectric scaler over the other two kinds?

Least traumatic and should not apply over 5 sec to avoid pitting damage of tooth and enamel •

In what animals are the "fighting teeth" (i.e., upper and lower canines) routinely ground down. as needed in intact males?

Llamas and alpacas which can grow to over 3 cm in length and cause severe trauma. These are usually ground down or removed upon eruption at 18-24 months. Anesthesia should be used for this procedure as it is quite painful. It must be repeated at intervals as these teeth continue to grow. When only the tips are cut off, this can be done without anesthesia and may be performed by the breeder.

The magnetostrictive scaler

Magnetostrictive transducers are less fragile than piezoelectric scalers, as they are composed of thin metal strips.

Which teeth are best radiographed using the bisecting radiograph technique?

Maxillary incisors

What, anatomically, is an equine wolf tooth?

Permanent premolar 1 (P1)

mixed breed dog is presented with a retained deciduous canine tooth. It does not feel loose. Which is the best recommendation?

Remove the tooth now using an open approach

gingival hyperplasia treatment

The treatment of choice is to remove the hyperplastic gingiva. Hyperplastic gingiva can be idiopathic or medication induced (cyclosporine, anticonvulsants).

Which choice is a distinctive feature of brachydont teeth?

They are open only during eruption and tooth development. Brachydont teeth do NOT continually grow or erupt.Humans, carnivores, and pigs have brachydont (low-crowned) teeth. The roots' apices are at the tip of the root, where cells can repeatedly divide and where all primary root tissue derives.

Which choice is an exodontic procedure?

Tooth extraction

Mandibular prognathism

an elongated lower jaw (think of a bulldog, for example).

Dental caries (cavities) in dogs and cats.

are UNcommon in dogs and RARE in cats and horses. Also, dogs have slightly alkaline saliva.

What teeth are most commonly abscessed in dogs?

are the upper fourth premolars. These teeth are numbered 108/208 •

What part of tooth are physical bacterial barriers?

enamel and dentin. Also, Sulcular fluid has antimicrobial properties (contains immunoglobulins) and flushes the sulcus (crevice area between gumline and neck of a tooth).

Bisecting angle technique

intraoral technique of exposing periapical films, to bisect the right angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and film. It is used when can't use parallel technique.

What is the normal depth of the gingival sulcus in cats?

is less than 1 mm

Polydontia

is more teeth than normal.

periodontal ligament

is the attachment between a tooth and the bone,

Enamel hypoplasia results from what damage?

is the incomplete or defective formation of tooth enamel. Causes include trauma, systemic (fever, distemper), nutritional deficiencies (hypocalcemia), fluorosis, tetracyclines), and hereditary (rare). Enamel hypoplasia occurs only during the formative stage of enamel development (amelogenesis), before tooth eruption into the oral cavity.

Melanoma

is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs.

the cementoenamel junction

is the transition between the crown and the root.

What image problems are avoided with proper bisecting radiograph technique of teeth

minimizes the image distortion foreshortened or elongated. The bisecting radiograph technique for generally preferred for maxillary teeth and mandibular canines and incisors (the rostral mandibular teeth).

the carnassial teeth.

the fourth upper premolars with the mandibular 1st molar.

mandibular brachygnathism

the maxilla is longer than mandible, Another name would be overbite, or overshot jaw.

buccal surface of tooth

the surface toward the cheek.

Metal crowns may be placed on?

the teeth of working dogs who sustain repeated trauma (i.e., fractures) to their teeth.This allows them to continue doing their work. The teeth most often crowned are the canine and maxillary fourth premolar.

Palatal surface of the tooth

towards the roof of the mouth.