Viruses and Needs of life quiz review
The lytic cycle works by.....
having the virus attach to the host cell, then inject it's DNA while entering the host cell, then multiplying in the cell, and finally bursting out of the host cell and destroying the cell.
Water:
1 - transporting substances within the organism 2 - Cells are made up of 70% water 3 - We will dehydrate without water which will effect chemical reactions taking place within the organism
How many days does it take to recover from a typical cold?
7-10 days
Pathogen means...
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Host means....
A living cell invaded by a capable of being invaded by an infectious agent (such as a bacterium or a virus)
Antibiotic means....
A medicine used to treat bacterial infections (not viruses)
The characteristics of living things are?
Development and growth, made up of cells, have DNA or RNA, respond to stimuli, carry out chemical reactions, and reproduction.
If you have a cold what should you do to feel better?
Drink water and rest
All living things need.....
Food/energy, water, air, and shelter.
What are viruses made of?
They are made of nucleic acid such as DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protective protein coat called a capsid.
Why are viruses not living?
They don't have all 6 characteristics of life
What can happen to the cell membrane after making many copies of the virus?
They get out of the cell and infect other cells.
Germ means.....
Tiny organisms that make you feel sick and cause disease. There are different kinds of germs: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa.
The bacteria pass this "combined" DNA on to the daughter cells. The bacteria continue to reproduce and finally enter the lytic cycle when this happens.
Trigger
A protein coat that protects the DNA/RNA is called a....
capsid
Viruses are not considered living since they lack many...
characteristics of life
The COVID-19 virus can be spread through people from?
close contact
The common cold is caused by a...
virus
Once the bacteria are "activated" they begin producing....
viruses
If you have a cold what are 5 things that you can do to protect others from catching a cold?
1 - Stay at home when sick 2 - Avoid close contact when sick 3 - Move away from people when about to sneeze 4 - Cough/sneeze into your elbow 5 - Wash hands after coughing or sneezing
What are the three components of the Modern cell theory?
1 - The cell is the smallest living unit of all the organisms 2 - All living things are made of cells 3 - All cells come from other pre-existing cells
What are three things you can do to reduce you chances of getting a cold?
1 - Wash your hands 2 - Stay away from sick people 3 - Don't touch your face with unwashed hands
Shelter:
1 - protection from predators 2 - Shelter from weather 3 - A place to care for offspring 4 - Nomadic: creatures wander seeking new homes continuously. Some creatures have portable homes; they take their homes with them.
Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that can cause ________ ________ such as the _________ _______ some can lead to more severe illnesses such as _________.
1 - respiratory illness 2 - common cold 3 - SARS
Air:
1 - supports the chemical reactions in metabolism 2 - Anaerobes: organisms that do not require oxygen for chemical reactions 3 - Aerobes: organisms that require oxygen for chemical reactions 4 - Gases are recycled: Animals give off dioxide which is produced by the chemical reaction of respiration. Plants take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen which is a product of the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. Animals take in the oxygen which is needed for respiration.
What are the three conditions when you should see a doctor?
1 - symptoms of a cold after 10 days 2 - If a child of 3 years of age has a fever 3 - Symptoms that are sever or unusual
A virus that attacks bacteria is called, what?
Bacteriophage
Mutation means....
Changing or developing of the DNA or RNA
A virus that targets pest insects could be an alternative to, what?
Chemical pesticides
What two things can trigger bacteria to go into the lytic cycle?
Chemical trigger or lack of food trigger.
After the virus attaches to the host cell membrane what is injected into the host cell?
DNA or RNA
One thing that all viruses have in common is that they contain genetic material called, what?
DNA or RNA
Genetic material means....
DNA or RNA is considered genetic material
What are the three parts to a typical virus?
DNA, capsid, and receptors
What is another way a virus can enter a cell?
It can be taken inside the cell by the cell mistaking the virus for food.
What happens to the host bacteria's DNA after the bacteriophage injects its DNA/RNA into the cell?
It puts the viruses DNA into the cells own DNA.
When you catch a common cold, your body's immune system fights the infection by producing white blood cells called, what?
Leukocyte
Replicate means....
Making an exact copy of; reproduce
Are viruses alive?
No
Should you take antibiotics for a cold?
No
The viral DNA/RNA contains instructions for the cell to do what?
Reproduce
What are the first signs that you have a cold?
Sore throat, runny nose, coughing, and sneezing
What are viruses?
Viruses are small particles that can make you sick
Do all viruses have the same structures?
Yes
It is difficult to tell whether you have a cold or the flu? What is the only flu symptom that is not similar to cold symptoms?
Yes, fever or feverish chills
In order for viruses to replicate they need, what?
a host cell
In the lytic cycle, what does the bacteriophage attach to on the host cell membrane?
a receptor
Vaccine means....
a substance that has weakened viruses for your body to start protecting you from it.
what caused the COVID-19 pandemic?
an infected animal in Wuhan, China.
consumers:
get energy by eating other plants and animals. (ex. animals and some bacteria)
We need for in order to:
get energy, build new parts, and repair old parts
decomposers:
get their energy by breaking down dead organisms and their waste. (ex. bacteria and fungi)
producers:
get their energy from the sun and use it to make food. (ex. plants, algae, and plankton)
The flu is caused by what virus?
influenza