VOCABULARY WORKSHOP-LEVEL C, REVIEW UNITS 1-3

congested

(adj. part.) overcrowded, filled or occupied to excess Synonyms: jammed, packed, choked Antonyms: uncluttered, unimpeded

audacious

(adj.) bold, adventurous, recklessly daring Synonyms: enterprising, brave Antonyms: timid, cowardly

relevant

(adj.) connected with or related to the matter at hand Synonyms: pertinent, germane, applicable Antonyms: unconnected, extraneous

legendary

(adj.) described in well-known stories; existing in old stories (legends) rather than in real life Synonyms: mythical, fabulous, famous, celebrated

discordant

(adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring, lacking in harmony, conflicting Synonyms: grating, shrill, different, divergent Antonyms: harmonious, in agreement

frugal

(adj.) economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager Synonyms: thrifty, skimpy Antonyms: wasteful, improvident, lavish, extravagant, swindler

enterprising

(adj.) energetic, willing and able to start something new; showing boldness and imagination Synonyms: vigorous, ambitious, aggressive, audacious Antonyms: lazy, indolent, timid, diffident

bountiful

(adj.) giving freely, generous; plentiful, given abundantly Synonyms: liberal, abundant, copious Antonyms: scarce, scanty, in short supply

prodigious

(adj.) immense; extrordinary in bulk size or degree Synonyms: gigantic, tremendous, astounding Antonyms: puny, minuscule, insignificant

myriad

(adj.) in very great numbers; (n.) a very great number

churlish

(adj.) lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with or deal with; rude Synonyms: surly; ill-tempered Antonyms: courteous, civil, well-mannered

devoid

(adj.) not having or using, lacking Synonyms: wanting, bereft Antonyms: full, teeming, abounding, abundant

servile

(adj.) of or relating to a slave; behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant, menial; lacking spirit or independence, abjectly submissive Synonyms: slavish, groveling,chattel, fawning Antonyms: masterly, overbearing

wanton

(adj.) reckless; heartless, unjustifiable; loose in morals; (n.) a spoiled, pampered person; one with low morals Synonyms: (adj.) rash, malicious, spiteful, unprovoked Antonyms: (adj) justified, morally strict, responsible

oblique

(adj.) slanting or sloping; not straightforward or direct Synonyms: diagonal, indirect Antonyms: direct, straight to the point

willful

(adj.) stubbornly self-willed; done on purpose, deliberate Synonyms: headstrong, obstinate, premeditated Antonyms: docile, obedient, tractable

durable

(adj.) sturdy, not easily worn out or destroyed; lasting for a long time; (n. pl.) consumer goods used repeatedly over a series of years Synonyms: (adj.) long-lasting, enduring Antonyms: (adj.) fragile, perishable, fleeting, ephermeral

incognito

(adj., adv.) in a disguised state, under an assumed name or identity; (n.) the state of being disguised; a person in disguise Antonyms: undisguised

gingerly

(adj., adv.) with extreme care or caution Synonyms: cautiously, warily, circumspectly Antonyms: firmly, confidently, aggressively

avowed

(adj., part.) declared openly and without shame, acknowledged Synonyms: admitted, sworn Antonyms: unacknowledged, undisclosed

unison

(n) a sounding together; agreement or accord Synonyms: harmony, concord, assent

plaudits

(n. pl.) applause; enthusiastic praise or approval Synonyms: cheers, acclaim Antonyms: boos, disapproval

antics

(n. pl.) ridiculous and unpredictable behavior or actions Synonyms: pranks, shenanigans

citadel

(n.) a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place Synonyms: fort, stronghold, bulwark, bastion

excerpt

(n.) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.; (v.) to take such a passage; to quote Synonyms: portion, section, extract

laggard

(n.) a person who moves slowly or falls behind; (adj.) falling behind; slow to move, act, or respond Synonyms: (n.) slowpoke, straggler; (adj.) sluggish Antonyms: (n.) early bird; (adj.) swift, speedy, Prompt

perspective

(n.) a point of view or general standpoint from which different things are viewed, physically or mentally; the appearance to the eye of various objects at a given time, place, or distance Synonyms: viewpoint, sense of proportion

adage

(n.) a proverb, wise saying Synonyms: maxim, aphorism

bonanza

(n.) a rich mass of ore in a mine; something very valuable, profitable, or rewarding; a source of wealth or prosperity; a very large amount; sudden profit or gain Synonyms: windfall

tether

(n.) a rope or chain used to fasten something to a fixed object; the outer limit of strength or resources; (v.) to fasten with a rope or chain Synonyms: tie up, chain up, leash Antonyms: untie, let loose

vigil

(n.) a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention

grapple

(n.) an iron hook used to grab and hold; (v.) to come to grips with, wrestle or fight with Synonyms: tackle, confront, struggle with

decree

(n.) an order having the force of law; (v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully Synonyms: proclamation, edict; (v.) proclaim

detriment

(n.) harm or loss; injury, damage; a disadvantage; a cause of harm, injury, loss, or damage Synonyms: hindrance, liability Antonyms: advantage, help, plus, benefit

longevity

(n.) long life, long duration, length of life Antonyms: stop, quell, squelch, quash

allot

(v.) to assign or distribute in shares or proportions Synonyms: apportion, parcel out, allocate

amass

(v.) to bring together, collect, gather, especially for oneself; to come together, assemble Synonyms: accumulate, pile up, garner Antonyms: scatter, dissipate, squander, waste

veer

(v.) to change direction or course suddenly, turn aside, shift, swerve

vie

(v.) to compete; to strive for victory or superiority Synonyms: contend, rival

maim

(v.) to cripple, disable, injure, mar, disfigure, mutilate

incapacitate

(v.) to deprive of strength or ability; to make legally ineligible Synonyms: disable, debilitate, paralyze, cripple Antonyms: rehabilitate, restore

evolve

(v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level Synonyms: unfold, emerge Antonyms: wither, shrivel up, atrophy

banter

(v.) to exchange playful remarks, tease; (n.) talk that is playful and teasing Synonyms: (n.) joking, raillery Antonyms: (n.) serious talk

grope

(v.) to feel about hesitantly with the hands; to search blindly and uncertainly Synonyms: fumble for, cast about for

hover

(v.) to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around Synonyms: linger, waver, seesaw Antonyms: soar

minimize

(v.) to make as small as possible, make the least of; to make smaller than before Synonyms: belittle, downplay, underrate Antonyms: magnify, enlarge, exaggerate

preclude

(v.) to make impossible, prevent, shut out Synonyms: hinder, check, stop Antonyms: help, promote, facilitate

jostle

(v.) to make or force one's way by pushing or elbowing; to bump, shove, brush against; to compete for Synonym: push

invalidate

(v.) to make valueless, take away all force or effect Synonyms: cancel, annul, disapprove, discredit

glut

(v.) to provide more than is needed or wanted; to feed or fill to the point of overstuffing; (n.) an oversupply Synonyms: (v.) flood, inundate; (n.) surplus, plethora Antonyms: (n.) shortage, scarcity, dearth, puacity

wrangle

(v.) to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd; (n.) a noisy quarrel Synonyms: (v.) squabble, bicker Antonyms: (v.)agree, concur

venerate

(v.) to regard with reverence, look up to with great respect Synonyms: worship, revere, idolize Antonyms: despise, detest, ridicule, deride

revert

(v.) to return, go back Synonyms: relapse, regress Antonyms: progress, advance

perturb

(v.) to trouble, make uneasy; to disturb greatly; to throw into confusion Synonyms: upset, agitate, anger, irritate Antonyms: delight, gladden, please

instigate

(v.) to urge on; to stir up, provoke, start, incite. Antonyms: stop, quell, squelch, quash

collaborate

(v.) to work with, or to work together on a common enterprise of project Synonyms: team up, join forces Antonym: work alone

comply

(v.) to yield to a request or command Synonyms: submit to, consent to, acquiesce in Antonyms: reject, refuse, decline

skittish

adj. extremely nervous and easily frightened shy or timid extremely cautious; undependable Synonym: jumpy ant: bold

elite

the choice part of a group of people or things; superior Synonyms: (n.) cream of the crop, upper crust Antonyms: (n.) rank and file, dregs of society

rubble

the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up, (n.) broken stone or bricks; ruins. Synonyms: wreckage, debris